Mariana Gonçalves Boeckel

Análise fatorial do Questionário de Estilos Parentais (PAQ) em uma amostra de adultos jovens universitários

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo e investigar a estrutura fatorial do Questionario de Estilos Parentais (PAQ) desenvolvido por John Buri. A amostra estratificada foi composta por 323 estudantes de ambos os sexos que cursam uma universidade particular. Foi utilizada a analise de componentes principais, com rotacao oblimin, empregando a regra de Kaiser (retencao dos autovalores maiores que 1). A analise demonstrou a presenca de tres fatores com autovalores superiores a 1. O total dos fatores explica 43,96% da variância total do construto estilos parentais. O primeiro fator explica 25,70%; o segundo, 11,77%; e o terceiro, 6,49%. Os tres fatores alcancaram um nivel de consistencia interna satisfatorio. Os resultados sugerem possibilidades positivas de aplicacao do instrumento em nossa realidade, mas faz-se necessario o desenvolvimento de futuros estudos sobre o instrumento em amostras diversificadas. Palavras-Chave: Estilos parentais; Estrategias educacionais; Analise fatorial; Questionario de Estilos Parentais (PAQ). The factorial analysis of Parental Authoritative Questionnaire in a sample of college young adults

The Effects of Intimate Partner Violence Exposure on the Maternal Bond and PTSD Symptoms of Children

The quality of the maternal bond can be disrupted in women exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV), causing them to be less available to their children. The aim of this study was to examine difficulties in emotional regulation in women exposed to IPV and the impact of IPV on both the maternal bond and posttraumatic symptoms among children. A cross-sectional study was carried out with two groups: IPV dyads (n = 36) comprising mothers who had been exposed to IPV and their children, and control dyads (n = 27) comprising non-abused mothers and their children. Information was obtained via structured interviews including scales regarding IPV, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, maternal bond, and difficulties in emotional regulation. Correlation analyses showed a positive association between the severity of IPV, PTSD symptom severity in children, and difficulties of emotional regulation in mothers. They also showed a negative association between IPV and the quality of the maternal bond. Regression models demonstrated that exposure to sexual IPV, maternal difficulties in emotion regulation, and younger age of the mother are important predictors of lower quality of the maternal bond. Difficulties in emotional regulation and sexual IPV disrupted the quality of the maternal bond among women and their children. In addition, lower quality of maternal bond was associated with higher PSTD symptoms among children.

Intimate partner violence is associated with increased maternal hair cortisol in mother-child dyads

BACKGROUND The chronic consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV) on HPA activation are a topic of debate. The current study investigated hair cortisol concentrations in female victims of IPV and their children. METHODS A total of 52 mother-child dyads were divided into two groups depending on exposure to IPV: IPV group (n=27 dyads) and control group (n=25 dyads). Hair cortisol concentration was measured in 1-cm-long hair strands, representing 30days of exposure before assessment. PTSD and depression symptoms were assessed in the mother and child. RESULTS Women reporting IPV presented with higher hair cortisol levels, depression and PTSD symptoms severity in comparison to control women. Children who witnessed IPV reported more severe PTSD symptoms, but depressive symptoms and hair cortisol were not statistically different than those in control children. Correlation analyses revealed a positive association between the number of injury events and the level of hair cortisol in children. No associations between the hair cortisol levels in mothers and those in their children were found. CONCLUSION Higher hair cortisol levels detected in women exposed to IPV reflected long-lasting changes in HPA axis functioning associated with chronic stress exposure. Children whose parents recurrently engage in violent conflicts with intimate partners may often feel threatened and consequently reporting more PTSD-related symptoms. Given that experiencing and witnessing violence during childhood and adolescence are predictive of intimate partner violence in adulthood, the need of early interventions is crucial.

A multiplicidade de papéis da mulher contemporânea e a maternidade tardia

Women currently have taken on many roles, previously fi lled by men, which not only changed their everyday lives but also impacted their life projects. Motherhood has been impacted in important ways by this change. We investigated the multiple roles played by contemporary woman and the relation between this multiplicity of roles and late motherhood. Two instruments were used: a socio-demographic profi le and a semi-structured interview about the multiple roles of women and motherhood. We constructed three categories based on content analysis of the interviews: the multiple roles of contemporary women; refl ections on motherhood; and late motherhood’s impact on current routine. If, on one hand, women are negatively affected due to the additional workload, on the other they feel happy to have developed a career. Late motherhood is an option for women who intend to develop their careers and maintain stable relationships with their partners. However, the women also reported feelings such as fear, insecurity and ambivalence related to late motherhood.Women currently have taken on many roles, previously fi lled by men, which not only changed their everyday lives but also impacted their life projects. Motherhood has been impacted in important ways by this change. We investigated the multiple roles played by contemporary woman and the relation between this multiplicity of roles and late motherhood. Two instruments were used: a socio-demographic profi le and a semi-structured interview about the multiple roles of women and motherhood. We constructed three categories based on content analysis of the interviews: the multiple roles of contemporary women; refl ections on motherhood; and late motherhood’s impact on current routine. If, on one hand, women are negatively affected due to the additional workload, on the other they feel happy to have developed a career. Late motherhood is an option for women who intend to develop their careers and maintain stable relationships with their partners. However, the women also reported feelings such as fear, insecurity and ambivalence related to late motherhood.

The multiple roles of contemporary women and late motherhood

Women currently have taken on many roles, previously fi lled by men, which not only changed their everyday lives but also impacted their life projects. Motherhood has been impacted in important ways by this change. We investigated the multiple roles played by contemporary woman and the relation between this multiplicity of roles and late motherhood. Two instruments were used: a socio-demographic profi le and a semi-structured interview about the multiple roles of women and motherhood. We constructed three categories based on content analysis of the interviews: the multiple roles of contemporary women; refl ections on motherhood; and late motherhood’s impact on current routine. If, on one hand, women are negatively affected due to the additional workload, on the other they feel happy to have developed a career. Late motherhood is an option for women who intend to develop their careers and maintain stable relationships with their partners. However, the women also reported feelings such as fear, insecurity and ambivalence related to late motherhood.Women currently have taken on many roles, previously fi lled by men, which not only changed their everyday lives but also impacted their life projects. Motherhood has been impacted in important ways by this change. We investigated the multiple roles played by contemporary woman and the relation between this multiplicity of roles and late motherhood. Two instruments were used: a socio-demographic profi le and a semi-structured interview about the multiple roles of women and motherhood. We constructed three categories based on content analysis of the interviews: the multiple roles of contemporary women; refl ections on motherhood; and late motherhood’s impact on current routine. If, on one hand, women are negatively affected due to the additional workload, on the other they feel happy to have developed a career. Late motherhood is an option for women who intend to develop their careers and maintain stable relationships with their partners. However, the women also reported feelings such as fear, insecurity and ambivalence related to late motherhood.

Las múltiples funciones de la mujer contemporánea y la maternidad tardía

Women currently have taken on many roles, previously fi lled by men, which not only changed their everyday lives but also impacted their life projects. Motherhood has been impacted in important ways by this change. We investigated the multiple roles played by contemporary woman and the relation between this multiplicity of roles and late motherhood. Two instruments were used: a socio-demographic profi le and a semi-structured interview about the multiple roles of women and motherhood. We constructed three categories based on content analysis of the interviews: the multiple roles of contemporary women; refl ections on motherhood; and late motherhood’s impact on current routine. If, on one hand, women are negatively affected due to the additional workload, on the other they feel happy to have developed a career. Late motherhood is an option for women who intend to develop their careers and maintain stable relationships with their partners. However, the women also reported feelings such as fear, insecurity and ambivalence related to late motherhood.Women currently have taken on many roles, previously fi lled by men, which not only changed their everyday lives but also impacted their life projects. Motherhood has been impacted in important ways by this change. We investigated the multiple roles played by contemporary woman and the relation between this multiplicity of roles and late motherhood. Two instruments were used: a socio-demographic profi le and a semi-structured interview about the multiple roles of women and motherhood. We constructed three categories based on content analysis of the interviews: the multiple roles of contemporary women; refl ections on motherhood; and late motherhood’s impact on current routine. If, on one hand, women are negatively affected due to the additional workload, on the other they feel happy to have developed a career. Late motherhood is an option for women who intend to develop their careers and maintain stable relationships with their partners. However, the women also reported feelings such as fear, insecurity and ambivalence related to late motherhood.