Adriana Wagner

A mulher como a principal provedora do sustento econômico familiar

This study aims at understanding at how the family represents its structure when woman is the principal responsible for the economic home support. A Case Study (Stake, 2000) with three families was performed with families consisting of a couple with a minimum of one child. As for data collection, the FAST (Family System Test) and Family Design was applied. The results showed that women represent their families following a classical model, while men carry their figure in an idealized form. Family economic condition is essential for the well-being. The maintenance of subsistence seems to be more important in these cases than the determination of who provides the support.

Configuração familiar e o bem-estar psicológico dos adolescentes

A busca do bem-estar e o motor do desenvolvimento humano. E visando estar bem que o homem luta para atingir seus ideais. O desenvolvimento desta capacidade esta diretamente ligada com as experiencias mais precoces do sujeito em sua familia. Sendo assim, este trabalho investigou em que medida a configuracao familiar contribui para o bem-estar dos adolescentes. A amostra utilizada foi de 391 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, entre 12 e 17 anos, sendo 196 provenientes de familias originais e 195 de familias reconstituidas. Utilizou-se o instrumento Escala Goldberg de Bem-Estar (1978)-GHQ, subdividida em 12 itens. A maioria dos adolescentes (81%) apresentou um nivel de bem-estar geral entre bom a muito bom, sendo que nao houve diferenca significativa entre adolescentes de familias originais e reconstituidas.

Qualidade conjugal: mapeando conceitos

Despite the wide use of marital quality concept, it is identified a lack of variables conceptual clarity. This article presents an area literature review with the objective of mapping out the conjugal concept. Seven theories about this subject were analysed: Social Exchange Theory, Behaviourist Theory, Attachment Theory, Crisis Theory, Simbolic Interactionism Theory, Family Systems Theory, Adaptation of Vulnerability to Stress Model. It is possible to identify three groups of variables in the definition of conjugal quality: spouses personal resources, context in which the couple is inserted, adapting processes. Hence, conjugal quality is the result of couple dynamic and interactive process, consequence of a multidimensional character.

A comunicação em famílias com filhos adolescentes

Adolescence is regarded as a period in which difficulties in family communication and an increase in confrontations between parents and children take place. We set out to understand how adolescents evaluate the frequency and quality of the communication they establish with their parents and siblings. 295 youngsters were investigated, 141 males and 154 females, ages ranging between 11 and 16 years old. A questionnaire was administered, with simple choice closed questions which aimed to evaluate the communication of the adolescent with differents members of the family. Results point at the mother as the most sought out person for conversation (49,8%), followed by the eldest sibling (17,6%) and then the father (12,2%) and the youngest sibling (2,4%). Data reflect a family structure in which the mother appears as the main responsible for care and mediation of the familiar relationships, whereas the father occupies a more peripheral place. The adolescents report a good level of communication at home and 96% of them evaluate family communication as very important.

A vivência da gravidez do primeiro filho à luz da perspectiva paterna

This research describes the mans experience while expecting the birth of his first child. The method used was the study of an instrumental case (Stake, 1994), starting with interviews of five men expecting their first childs birth, analyzed through content analysis (Moraes, 1999; Olabuenaga, 1996). Vertical and horizontal analyses of the cases were made, highlighting their idiosyncratic and common aspects. Their experiences varied from a transition period, to a feeling of both inclusion and participation of the pregnancy. Values and priorities were redimensioned on the couples relationship. Preoccupation with fetal anomalies, contemporary world adversities and the adolescence period are their biggest concerns. Financial issues appear as main worries for the exercise of fatherhood, followed by the desire of getting involved with the childs development.

Reflexões sobre a construção da parentalidade e o uso de estratégias educativas em famílias de baixo nível socioeconômico

Este artigo apresenta uma revisao da literatura sobre questoes relativas a parentalidade a luz da Teoria Ecologico-Sistemica, objetivando descrever alguns dos fatores que estao envolvidos no processo de escolha das estrategias educativas utilizadas por pais e maes de familias de baixo nivel socioeconomico. Identificamos os conceitos de valores, metas e praticas educativas e descrevemos as interconexoes destes a partir de pesquisas empiricas que discutem as variaveis a serem consideradas no processo educativo. Partimos da premissa de que a forma de pensar e a forma de promover o desenvolvimento e a educacao das criancas sao construidas na relacao com o contexto socioeconomico-cultural no qual as familias estao inseridas. Concluimos que e fundamental podermos pensar nas idiossincrasias do meio em que vivem as familias de camadas populares, pois elas refletem e sao refletidas nos padroes de interacao que se estabelecem entre os seus membros.

O envolvimento parental após a separação/divórcio

Based on the ecological-contextual model and on the concept of parental involvement, this article proposes to discuss the parental practices of separated/divorced fathers and mothers towards their children. In order to do so, 234 subjects (117 fathers/117 mothers) with children at school were interviewed via the Parental Practices Inventory. Such instrument evaluated the parental involvement in 5 areas: affective involvement, didactic involvement, social involvement, disciplinary involvement and, responsibility. The results showed greater maternal involvement with children after the divorce: direct (care, interaction) and indirect (monitoring, preoccupation). The cohabitation with the mother revealed itself as a significant variable associated to her greater involvement with activities in the private/domestic environment while fathers had greater involvement in the public/social space. Contextual characteristics (cohabitation, frequency of visits) and characteristics of the parents (occupation, education, affective and conjugal issues) showed to be strongly associated with the parental involvement after divorce.

Ninho cheio: a permanência do adulto jovem em sua família de origem

Este artigo analisa os aspectos psicologicos e psicossociais envolvidos no processo de permanencia em casa do adulto jovem solteiro de ambos os sexos. Participaram deste estudo quatro adultos jovens, sendo dois homens e duas mulheres, na faixa etaria dos 27 aos 35 anos. Utilizou-se como instrumento da pesquisa uma entrevista semi-estruturada. O metodo empregado foi o estudo de casos coletivos e fez-se uma analise de conteudo das informacoes. Observa-se que a percepcao de dificuldade de insercao no mercado de trabalho e da conquista de salarios melhores, aliada a vontade de seguir desfrutando do conforto e da seguranca que o lar parental oferece, e o grande motivador da permanencia dos filhos na casa dos pais.

Relação família-escola: práticas educativas utilizadas por pais e professores

Este estudo analisa as continuidades e descontinuidades na relacao familia-escola frente aos problemas de comportamento da crianca, investigando a utilizacao e as percepcoes sobre as praticas educativas de pais e professores em ambos os contextos, bem como a existencia de acoes conjuntas. Participaram do estudo 4 progenitores e 4 professoras de escolas privadas de Porto Alegre, respondendo, cada um deles, a duas entrevistas cujos dados sofreram analise de conteudo. Os resultados apontaram heterogeneidade das praticas educativas parentais e diferentes niveis de conhecimento entre os participantes acerca das praticas utilizadas, revelando fronteiras rigidas entre a familia e a escola. Identificou-se a supremacia do saber das professoras sobre os pais, reforcada pelo fato das atitudes conjuntas enfocarem o carater curativo e orientador da escola sobre a familia. A discussao dos dados propoe alternativas para uma intervencao conjunta familia-escola frente aos problemas de comportamento das criancas.This article aims to analyze the family-school relationship and its continuity and discontinuity towards child behavior problems. We investigate the perception and use of child-rearing practices by parents and teachers, within both contexts. We also investigate whether there were some planned joint activities towards child behavior problems. Four parents and four teachers from Porto Alegre private schools have participated in this study by answering two interviews. These interviews were analyzed according to their content. The results indicated heterogeneity in the parents’ educative practices, distinct levels of knowledge about educative practices among the participant subjects. They reveal a clear boundary between family and school. It was identified the supremacy of teacher´s knowledge over parents´ knowledge. This was reinforced by the fact that joint activities focused on the family orientation by the school. The results were discussed and we proposed alternatives to a family-school integrative intervention towards child behavior problems.

The Relationship Between Family-of-Origin and Marital Adjustment for Couples in Brazil

ABSTRACT The experiences in the family of origin, especially the relationship with the parents during childhood, are normally taken as the basis of relationships to be experienced in adult life. In order to analyze which experiences with the family of origin might be associated with better or worse levels of quality in marital adjustment, a sample of 542 participants resident in Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, all of average socioeconomic level, was investigated. Of the total, 78.5% of the participants were officially married and 21.5% lived in a stable union. The mean time of marital union was 17.58 years. The instruments used were the Family Background Questionnaire (FBQ; Melchert, 1998a, 1998b) and the Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS; Rust, Bennun, Crowe, & Golombok, 1988). Results show that there is an association between the type of experience that the participants lived in their families of origin and the quality of their marital relationship. However, those childhood and teenage experiences accounted for only 10.8% of the quality of the marital relationship. These findings suggest that there may be a relationship between the legacies that people bring from their families of origin and their later marital adjustment; however, lived experiences and environments also represent opportunities to administer the past and to redefine choices.