Mariano Montilla Medina

Effects of Different Practice Conditions on Acquisition, Retention, and Transfer of Soccer Skills by 9-Year-Old Schoolchildren

This study was designed to examine effects of three practice models, blocked, variable, and combined, on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of new motor skills. 67 subjects (M age = 9.5 yr., SD = 3) from the fourth year of primary school (31 boys and 26 girls) were assigned at random to three different practice groups (Blocked = 22, Variable = 23, Combined = 22) to study acquisition of two skills, dribbling a soccer ball and kicking a soccer ball at a stationary target using the dominant foot. All participants received a pretest and posttest, a transfer test, and a retention test 2 wk. later. Analysis showed significant improvement after practice of kicking skills by the three groups but not in the dribbling skills, for which only the combined practice group showed any notable improvement. At the end of acquisition, the combined practice group had significantly better performance on the dribbling task than the other two groups. However, the only differences noted in performance of kicking the ball with the dominant foot were by combined practice and blocked groups.

LAS TAREAS DE APRENDIZAJE Y LA ORGANIZACIÓN DE LA PRÁCTICA COMO VARIABLES MEDIADORAS DEL APRENDIZAJE. UN ESTUDIO DE CASO EN EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA

La practica es senalada como una de las variables claves en el aprendizaje motor infantil. A lo largo del presente articulo se abordan dos cuestiones de gran trascendencia en el aprendizaje de nuevas habilidades y/o conocimientos. Por un lado, se destaca la forma en que la practica es organizada y el efecto que dicha organizacion tiene en su nivel de desempeno motor. Por otro lado, se intenta poner de manifiesto el tipo de estrategias utilizadas por los alumnos en la resolucion de las tareas problema que se les presenta en el proceso de ensenanza-aprendizaje, para que los alumnos puedan alcanzar las citadas habilidades y/o conocimientos en el area de la motricidad. Por ultimo, se analizan las posibles diferencias existentes en virtud del genero de los participantes en el estudio en los niveles de desempeno mostrado y en el tipo de estrategias utilizadas.