Marina Maitto Caputo

Resposta de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar à aplicação de indutores de maturação

The use of plant regulators as sugarcane ripeners has been in order widely used to induce early harvest and optimize crop planning. However, little information exists about the interactions among new released genotypes, plant regulators and technological quality. This study aimed to evaluate the quality response of sugarcane genotypes IAC87-3396, IAC87-3410, IAC89-3124, IAC91-2195, IAC91-5155, PO88-62 and SP80-1842, to the application of ripeners and by three crop management: sulfomethuron-methyl, 15 g a.i. ha-1; ethephon, 480 g a.i. ha-1 and control. The experiment was installed in March 2004 near Jau, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil in split-plot randomized complete blocks, with four replicates. The technological attributes evaluated were: total soluble solids (o Brix) in the juice, sucrose (pol %) in the juice, juice purity, cane fiber, reducing sugars (AR) in the juice and recoverable total sugar (ATR) in the juice at 0, 21, 42, 63, 84, 105 and 126 days after the application (DAA) of ripeners. It was observed that the use of ripeners anticipated the harvest at least 21 days compared to the untreated control. With ethephon application harvest can be done between 42 and 84 DAA, and with sulfomethuron-methyl between 105 and 126 DAA. The genotypes showed different responses to the application of ripeners. The genotype PO88-62 was highly responsive to sulfomethuron-methyl; IAC87-3396, IAC87-3410, IAC91-5155 and SP80-1842 to ethephon, and IAC89-3124 and IAC91 2195 to both regulators.

Uso de reguladores de crescimento como potencializadores do perfilhamento e da produtividade em cana-soca

The use of plant growth regulators as ripeners in sugarcane has been an agronomic practice with well solidified results. However, the residual effect of these products over the next ratoon is still not very well studied. This research aimed to evaluate the residual effect of two plant growth regulators, applied before the harvest, in the stool regrowth and productivity of three sugarcane genotypes. The experiment was carried out near Jau (SP). The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in split-plot, with four repetitions, constituted by the genotypes IAC87-3396, IAC91-2195 and IAC91-5155, and by three crop management: 20 g ha-1 sulfomethuron-methyl; 480 g a.i. ha-1 ethephon and control. The growth regulators were applied 126 days before harvest. To quantify the action of growth regulators the following variables were evaluated: the number of tillers m-1 at 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after the harvest; the final percentage of stalk number by meter in relation to the initial percentage; the mass of 10 stalks, the length and the diameter of stalks; the pol and the fiber% cane, the reducing and total recoverable sugars, and the productivity of stalks and sugar. It was concluded that there was stimulating effect on the emergency of tillering up to six months after the harvest. The ethephon promoted larger productivities of stalks and sugar. There were differences among genotypes in relation to growth regulators for stalk length. There was no effect on the technological quality over the subsequent ratoon crop.

Comparação de ambientes na germinação de cariopses de cana-de-açúcar

The production of true seeds of sugarcane through parental crossing is primordial for the breeding programs of cultivars. With the objective of comparing the efficiency of the environment greenhouse used for seed germination in the IAC Sugarcane Program with an environment with controlled conditions (germination chamber), two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block with four replicates of 100 seeds each, in Jau (SP), from 09/30 to 10/09/2004. In both places the treatments were composed of seeds from six crossings. The evaluations accomplished were speed of germination index (SGI), germination percentage (% G) and days for emergence (DE) in 24 h intervals after set up treatments. The mass of 100 seeds of each crossing was also evaluated with the purpose of measuring its influence on other germination attributes. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and averages were compared by the Tukey test at 0.005 significance. The weight of 100 seeds differed among the crossings, and, in general, it interfered with the attributes SGI and % G. It was concluded that the greenhouse used by the IAC Sugarcane Program provides germination percentages similar to the germination chamber; however, controlled conditions improve SGI and DE.