Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada

Applying the natural disasters vulnerability evaluation model to the March 2011 north‐east Japan earthquake and tsunami

Natural hazards have a potentially large impact on economic growth, but measuring their economic impact is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. The central objective of this paper is to demonstrate a model--the natural disasters vulnerability evaluation (NDVE) model--that can be used to evaluate the impact of natural hazards on gross national product growth. The model is based on five basic indicators-natural hazards growth rates (αi), the national natural hazards vulnerability rate (ΩT), the natural disaster devastation magnitude rate (Π), the economic desgrowth rate (i.e. shrinkage of the economy) (δ), and the NHV surface. In addition, we apply the NDVE model to the north-east Japan earthquake and tsunami of March 2011 to evaluate its impact on the Japanese economy.

Multi-Dimensional Coordinate Spaces

This research will present a new group of multi-dimensional coordinate spaces. These coordinate spaces are available to visualize the behavior of dynamic and complex natural or social phenomena in the same graphical space and time. Additionally, this paper is divided into two parts. The first part gives a short review about dimension and coordinate systems (Cartesian plane and coordinate space). The second part will introduce nine multi-dimensional coordinate spaces: (i) pyramidal coordinate space; (ii) diamond coordinate space; (iii) 4-dimensional coordinate space (vertical position and horizontal position); (iv) 5-dimensional coordinate space (vertical position and horizontal position); (v) infinity dimensional coordinate space under general and specific approach; (vi) inter linkage coordinate space; (vii) cube wrap coordinate space; (viii) mega surface coordinate space; (ix) cubes coordinate space.

The Natural Disasters Vulnerability Evaluation Model (NDVE-Model): An Application to the Northeast Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of March 2011

The natural disasters have a potentially large impact on economic growth but measuring their economic impact is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. The central objective of our paper is to set forth a model – the natural disasters vulnerability evaluation (NDVE) model – to evaluate the impact of natural disasters on GDP growth. The model is based on three basic indicators – (i) the natural disasters vulnerability propensity rate (Ω); (ii) the natural disaster devastation magnitude rate (Π); and (iii) economic desgrowth rate (δ). In addition, this model is based on chaos theory and risk complexity analysis framework. We apply the NDVE-Model to the Northeast Japan earthquake and tsunami of March 2011 to evaluate its impact on the Japanese economy.

An Alternative Graphical Modeling for Economics: Econographicology

Abstract The rationale of Econographicology revolves around the efficacy of multidimensional graphs as the most effective visual tool to understand any economic phenomenon from a multidimensional view. The main motivation behind the creation of Econographicology is to evaluate multidimensional graphs evolved so far in economics and to develop new type of multidimensional graphs to facilitate the study of economics, as well as finance and business. Thereby, the mission of Econographicology is to offer academics, researchers and policy maker’s an alternative multidimensional graphical modeling approach for the research and teaching–learning process of economics, finance and business from a multidimensional perspective. Hence, this alternative multidimensional graphical modeling approach is offer a set of multi-dimensional coordinate spaces to build different types of multidimensional graphs to study any economic phenomenon. The following new types of multi-dimensional coordinate spaces are presented: the 5-dimensional coordinate space (vertical position and horizontal position), the mega-dynamic disks coordinate space (vertical position and horizontal position), and the mega-disks networks mapping.

The role of trade openness for industrial sector development: panel data evidence from SAARC region

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to focus on South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member economies to examine the impact of trade openness on the industrial sector development. Design/methodology/approach – Panel data econometric techniques are used to the data for the period 1980-2013 for the selected six countries, namely, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Findings – It is found that trade openness has positively and significantly influenced the industrial sector of the sampled countries. Other determinants such as education and investment have also played a key role in helping the selected developing countries to develop their industrial sectors. Practical implications – The study suggests the policy-makers of the SAARC member countries to liberalize international trade substantially to enhance the contributions of industrial sector toward gross domestic product (GDP) and to achieve the dreamed goal of sustainable long-run growth for the region. Origina...

China's Unification: Myth or Reality?

This paper evaluates the prospect of a possible unification between People’s Republic of China and Taiwan from a multidimensional perspective encompassing the political, social, economic and technological dimensions. The idea is to evaluate the possibility of a partial or total reunification between People’s Republic of China and Taiwan. It is based on the application of the GDRI-Model which looks at regional integration simultaneously from political, economic, social and technological perspectives respectively.

The Macroeconomic Black Holes

This paper proposes a theoretical framework of the Macroeconomic black holes. The idea is to observe “HOW�? the macroeconomic black holes can generate less economic growth according to this paper. The same paper proposes the multi-dimensional graphical modeling and a basic mathematical modeling framework to analyze the impact of the macroeconomic black holes into the economy of any country. This paper proposes to join the black hole theory by Wheeler (1962) and Megasverse by Ruiz Estrada (2008) modeling concept.

Macroeconomic determinants of trade openness: empirical investigation of SAARC region

Purpose Trade openness plays a significant role in the growth process of countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of macroeconomic determinants on the trade openness of countries. Design/methodology/approach The study focuses on the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member countries and the data used were from 1971 to 2011. Panel data econometrics techniques and two stages least square method (TSLS) are used to carry out empirical analysis and robustness testing. Findings The main finding of the paper is that macroeconomic determinants such as investment both in physical and human capital and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) positively affect trade openness. Further, the size of labour force and currency exchange rate has also impacted trade openness negatively and significantly. Practical implications It implies that efficient macroeconomic management matters for higher trade openness. The sampled developing countries are suggested to pay favourable attention to macroeconomic variables if they want to grow in the long run through outward-oriented policies. Originality/value This paper is an original contribution in the context of SAARC countries by focusing on the relationship between macroeconomic determinants and trade openness.

The evaluation of a possible future Sino-Japanese armed conflict through the application of the ACEI-model

There is relatively little formal modeling of the economic effects of armed conflicts even though they have substantial economic effects. We set forth a new model, namely the armed conflict economic impact model – ACEI-Model. The model looks at the economic effects of war in three different stages: (i) pre-conflict stage; (ii) armed conflict stage; and (iii) post-conflict stage. The model is based on economic desgrowth (-δ) and other new conceptual indicators. We evaluate an imaginary armed conflict between China and Japan by applying the ACEI-Model.

How Effective Is the BTUN-Diagram in the Evaluation of Territorial Unification Negotiations: The Case of China-Taiwan Territorial Unification

This article evaluates the effectiveness of the Box Territorial Unification Negotiation Diagram (BTUN-Diagram) in the evaluation of any territorial unification negotiation between two or more territories anywhere and anytime. We used the BTUN-Diagram to evaluate the possible unification of China and Taiwan as it provides a much deeper analysis and interpretation of what unification of the two territories entail. The BTUN-Diagram extends the study of territorial unification beyond the common economic implication of unification as observed in many studies by widening the scope of the study through a multidisciplinary approach. Given the huge gaps that exist in the China-Taiwan unification drawn from our analysis, we observed more divergence than convergence given the huge cost likely to be borne by a unifying party. We suggest very serious and purposeful negotiations could bring about trade-offs that may institute an equilibrium point in the territorial unification negotiation.