Marisa Japur

Contribuições do pensamento construcionista para o estudo da prática grupal

O construcionismo, como forma de elaboracao da crise paradigmatica que tem vivido as ciencias humanas, redimensiona varias concepcoes sobre a producao do conhecimento e os processos psicoterapicos. Neste artigo, buscaremos apontar como a enfase nos processos relacionais e a centralidade da linguagem promovidas pelo construcionismo transformam o estudo da pratica grupal. Atraves de um exemplo empirico, apontaremos algumas implicacoes metodologicas da aplicacao dos pressupostos construcionistas ao estudo da pratica grupal, tais como a explicitacao do carater construido do grupo e seu processo de negociacao, a perspectiva discursiva de construcao da pessoa e a consequente redefinicao da homogeneidade grupal, e as delimitacoes sociais destes processos grupais. Finalizamos o artigo indicando outros desdobramentos teorico-metodologicos necessarios ao desenvolvimento destas contribuicoes aos estudos dos grupos.

Grupo de apoio aberto para pessoas portadoras do HIV: a construção da homogeneidade

Ha um debate na literatura a respeito da homogeneidade na composicao dos grupos para portadores do HIV, segundo estagios da doenca, formas de infeccao e sexo dos participantes. Este estudo, baseado em uma concepcao construcionista da terapia e da producao do conhecimento, buscou analisar como os sentidos sobre a soropositividade e o apoio eram negociados em uma sessao de um grupo de apoio voltado a esta populacao. Observamos que a homogeneidade e o apoio, antes de serem categorias a priori usadas para organizar o grupo, sao ativamente construidas na e atraves da situacao grupal por seus participantes. Implicacoes eticas e metodologicas decorrentes dessa analise apontam para o reconhecimento das condicoes socio-historicas de construcao dos sentidos da soropositividade e da hegemonia de algumas de suas descricoes.

Sobre a (não) adesão ao tratamento: ampliando sentidos do autocuidado

New discourses about healthcare in the context of the Unified Healthcare System have demanded a more critical view of self-care. This is a qualitative study with its theoretical background based on social constructionism theory. The objective was to describe meanings of self-care constructed in community groups which are part of the Family Healthcare Program in Brazil. The data collection occurred during 2001, totaling 28 participants with an average age of 50 years old. The conversations were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed, giving visibility to their versions of self-care. The analysis, based on social construction, amplified these meanings of self-care, enhancing reflection about their complexity and broadening necessities, which go beyond simple adherence to a prescribed medication. Dialogue and the focus on relationships are presented as transformative resources for the practices of care and self-care, making possible the construction of actions in a perspective of integrality and co-responsibility.Los nuevos discursos en el contexto del Sistema Unificado de Salud han exigido una mirada mas critica sobre el auto-cuidado. Este es un estudio de caracter cualitativo, basado teorica y metodologicamente en el construccionismo social. Su objetivo es describir los sentidos del auto-cuidado producidos en grupos comunitarios en el contexto de la Estrategia de la Salud de la Familia. Los datos fueron recolectados durante el ano 2001, totalizando 28 participantes con 50 anos de edad, aproximadamente. Las conversaciones fueron grabadas, transcritas y analizadas dando visibilidad a las versiones del auto-cuidado. El analisis, basado en una perspectiva construccionista, permitio ampliar los sentidos del auto-cuidado, favoreciendo una reflexion sobre su complejidad, senalando necesidades mas amplias, diferentes de la adopcion de un medicamento prescrito. Dialogo y foco en la relacion son presentados como recursos transformadores de las practicas de cuidado y auto-cuidado, los cuales posibilitan la construccion de acciones dentro de una perspectiva mas integral y co-responsable.

Psicologia, ciência e construcionismos: dando sentido ao self

O construcionismo social tem sido proposto como um conjunto de elaboracoes da crise paradigmatica que tem sofrido as ciencias nas ultimas decadas. A complexidade e riqueza de tais elaboracoes dificultam uma descricao unica e consensualmente aceita sobre o construcionismo social. Neste artigo temos como objetivo explorar as propostas de Kenneth J. Gergen e Rom Harre acerca do construcionismo social, seus pressupostos, a visao de ciencia promovida por cada uma delas, buscando compreender as implicacoes para a construcao de suas descricoes de self. Se e possivel identificarmos diversas semelhancas nas propostas destes autores, algumas diferencas significativas marcam a distincao de suas posturas, e servem para mapear o campo de tensoes no qual outros autores construcionistas buscam ativamente se posicionar.

Os sentidos da construção social: o convite construcionista para a Psicologia

The social constructionist movement has been in prominence in the international psychological literature in the last decade and it is now rising in Brazil. The objective of this text is to describe the multiple meanings of the constructionist invitation through the histories of its origin, its contributions and the main tensions and debates produced. Considering a set of critics to scientific practice, constructionists proposals emphasize the historical and cultural specificities of our ways of knowing the world, the primacy of human relationships in the production and maintenance of knowledge, the link betweeen knowledge and activity and the valorization of a reflexive and critical stance. These proposals invite a culturally sensitive scientific practice that promotes the enhancement of our relational vocabularies.

Contribuições da poética social à pesquisa em psicoterapia de grupo

The objective of this article is to describe some contributions of social constructionism and social poesis in the description of group psychotherapy and its scientific investigation. Social constructionism is an alternative form of intelligibility in science, which focuses on the comprehension of the way people make sense of the world and of themselves in their discursive practices. Concurrent with this perspective, social poesis can be described as a research practice that is useful in investigating the conversational processes, emphasizing the centrality of the researcher in the construction of meanings about its object of study. In this article, we aim to describe how these perspectives can sustain a systematic research practice of group psychotherapy. Thus, we describe some methodological steps developed in a study about a group in a mental health setting, showing how they helped us to comprehend the conversational process through which the group was constructed as a therapeutic resource.

Promover e recuperar saúde: sentidos produzidos em grupos comunitários no contexto do Programa de Saúde da Família

A Saude Publica no Brasil tem acompanhado grandes movimentos de mudanca do modelo assistencial em saude. Novas tendencias apontam para a importância de acoes construidas a partir de seu contexto, voltadas a comunidades especificas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever os sentidos de saude/doenca produzidos em grupos comunitarios no contexto de um PSF. Foram audiogravados cinco grupos de sessao unica, coordenados pela primeira autora. Os grupos foram transcritos e junto as notas de campo, constituiram a base de dados. A analise descreveu sentidos acerca das nocoes que vem embasando as novas propostas em saude, dando visibilidade a multiplicidade de sentidos, desnaturalizando discursos fixos sobre saude/doenca. As consideracoes finais, baseadas na perspectiva do construcionismo social, apontam para a fertilidade de uma pratica em saude baseada nos processos de conversacao e negociacao constantes, entre todos os atores sociais envolvidos.ABSTRACT Public Healthcare in Brazil has tended to reflect major changes in the healthcare model. New tendencies point to the importance of actions being built up from their context and focused on specific communities. The objective of this study is to describe the meanings of health / illness as produced by community groups within the context of a Family Healthcare Program. Five groups had their single-session discussions taped and recorded, under the coordination of the first author. This material was transcribed and, coupled with field notes, formed the database for this study. The analysis described the meanings of the ideas on which new healthcare proposals are being based, providing visibility for the multiplicity of meanings and denaturalizing fixed lines of discourse on healthcare / illness. The final thoughts, developed from the point of view of social constructionism, indicate that healthcare practices based on the process of constant conversation and negotiation between all the social actors involved is a fertile ground.

Sentidos de doença mental em um grupo terapêutico e suas implicações

This study adopts a social constructionist perspective, which focuses on how people make meaning of themselves and of the world in their discursive practices. By emphasizing the performative character of language, the aim of this study was to describe meanings of mental illness produced in a therapeutic group, offered in a mental health ambulatory, and the implications of the use of these meanings to the group conversations. The meaning making analysis was based on the transcriptions of 16 group sessions. This analysis allowed us to describe some meanings of mental illness, to construct links among these meanings and the changing view favored by them, as well as the interaction among the group participants. Based on this, we suggest that thinking about some mental illness meanings and its use can be useful to promote dialogical exchanges in group therapy and the conversational construction of change.

Desafios da aproximação do construcionismo social ao campo da psicoterapia

Challenges of using social constructionism in psychotherapeutic context. In the last years, social constructionism has contributed to the construction of di...

Grupo de sala de espera: sentidos do envelhecimento humano

This research question the human aging while universal experience. Using the social construcionism, the waiting room group is understood as a discursive production, having the language as a main point of social practices and focalizing a relational perspective in the producing process of the world meanings. Thinking about this psychological intervention, we have the purpose of describing the meaning production process about the human aging in this context. Ten waiting room groups, recorded and transcribed, were analyzed, what made possible the selection of one of them for extensive analyses. Their analysis show that in this conversation the aging experience like an individual experience is being changed by the speakers as social interaction, pointing to actives positions on healthy life quality aging production. The speakers construct several meanings about aging, talk about themselves in their daily relationships, creating the possibility for new descriptions about themselves as elders in this interactive context.