Marisa Pereira Gonçalves

Atendimento fisioterapêutico no pós-operatório imediato de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia abdominal

A series of pulmonary complications can occur after abdominal surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce appropriate treatment early in order to minimize postoperative complications. The objective of the present study was to evaluate patients submitted to abdominal surgery in terms of the effect of physical therapy in the immediate postoperative period. This was a randomized clinical trial, in which one group of patients was submitted to physical therapy in the postoperative recovery room and, subsequently, in the infirmary, whereas another group was submitted to physical therapy in the infirmary exclusively. We conclude that physical therapy performed in the immediate postoperative period minimizes losses in lung function and respiratory muscle strength, as well as shortening recovery room stays.

Efeitos da atividade física na memória declarativa, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida em idosos

A expectativa de sobrevida da populacao idosa tem aumentado nos ultimos anos, podendo o processo de envelhecimento ser acompanhado por declinio das capacidades funcionais, fisicas e cognitivas dos idosos. Dentro da funcao cognitiva, a memoria apresenta-se como uma das suas principais queixas. Os objetivos do estudo foram analisar a memoria declarativa, a capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida de idosos ativos e insuficientemente ativos, a fim de observar se a atividade fisica interfere positivamente nestas variaveis. Trata-se de estudo transversal, do qual fizeram parte dois grupos de comparacao, idosos ativos (G1) e insuficientemente ativos (G2), com idade acima de 60 anos, residentes no municipio de Santa Maria-RS. A avaliacao foi composta pelos seguintes instrumentos: Teste de Memoria Emocional, Indice de Katz e Avaliacao da Qualidade de Vida: SF-36. Como resultados, foi encontrado que os idosos do grupo G1 apresentaram melhores escores tanto na memoria como na qualidade de vida quando comparados aos do grupo G2. Ja no quesito capacidade funcional para atividades basicas de vida diaria, avaliado pelo Indice de Katz, nao houve diferenca estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos, mas quando observados os resultados da variavel capacidade funcional avaliado pelo SF-36, o G1 apresentou melhores resultados com diferenca estatisticamente significativa quando comparado ao G2. Devido a importância da atividade fisica no retardo dos declinios decorrentes do envelhecimento, torna-se necessario criar estrategias para a participacao dos idosos em grupos de atividades, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade de vida, independencia e participacao.

Análise do equilíbrio dinâmico de idosas institucionalizadas após hidrocinesioterapia

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic balance in old women before and after hydrotherapy intervention. METHOD: To assess the balance, two tests were used: the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA).The water activities were conducted in shallow water once a week, totaling 15 sessions. The t Student test was applied to compare the previous and after evaluations. RESULTS: A better body balance after the hydrotherapy intervention was observed being statistically significant in both proposed tests (BBS p < 0.01 e POMA p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The hydrotherapy program showed to be effective to the dynamic balance and reducing the risk of falls in older women. Therefore, it is a physiotherapy resource which can be recommended to prevent falls of these people.

Influência da hidrocinesioterapia no equilíbrio postural de idosas institucionalizadas

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence that a hydrokinetic therapy program in shallow water has on postural balance of institutionalized elderly women. In this study 8 institutionalized elderly, with a mean age of 62.95 ± 2.87 years participated. The postural balance was evaluated through the force platform. 3 attempts in each sensory organization test (SOT) previously and subsequently the intervention of hydrokinetic therapy in shallow water were made. The variables analyzed were: displacement amplitude of the pressure center (COP) in the anteroposterior, mediolateral direction and displacement speed of the COP. An improvement in postural control after the intervention was observed, where a decrease on the displacement of the pressure center happened, especially in the anteroposterior direction. For the group of institutionalized elderly participants in this study, hydrokinetic therapy performed in shallow water was able to improve postural balance.

Programa de treinamento muscular em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica grave

Objetivo: Este estudo que visou analisar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento muscular atraves da EENM de membros inferiores (MMII) e exercicios ativos resistidos de MMSS em pacientes portadores de Doenca Pulmonar Obstrutiva Cronica (DPOC) grave. Metodos: A amostra foi constituida por 5 sujeitos com idade media de 65,2 ± 6,09 anos. As avaliacoes iniciais e finais, compreenderam os testes: uma repeticao maxima; senta-levanta; perimetria das coxas; caminhada de seis minutos; questionario St George; escala de dispneia MRC; indice de BODE. A intervencao foi realizada tres vezes/semana, totalizando 18 sessoes de 30 min de Estimulacao eletrica neuromuscular (EENM) e 30 min de treinamento membros superiores, com uso de diagonais do Metodo Kabat. Os parâmetros da EENM foram: frequencia 50 Hz, Ton 6s, Toff 8s, rampa de subida 2s, rampa de descida 2s, largura de pulso 400 µs e intensidade conforme a tolerância do paciente, aumentada em 1 a 5 mA a cada dia. Resultados: Mostraram aumento da forca muscular (p = 0,01) e da resistencia muscular (p = 0,01). Verificou-se uma tendencia a melhora na qualidade de vida (p = 0,16) e na aptidao cardiorrespiratoria (p = 0,11). Conclusao: A associacao de EENM e exercicios com diagonais pode ser um recurso valioso para o tratamento dos pacientes com DPOC grave. Entretanto, sugere-se pesquisas com um maior numero amostral para comprovar seus beneficiosDOI: 10.5935/0104-7795.20160028 ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of a muscle training program with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for lower limbs (LL) and active resisted exercises for upper limbs (UL) for patients with severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Methods: With a sample of 5 subjects (65.2 ± 6.09 years), the initial and final evaluations were: One-RepetitionMaximum testing; Sit-to-stand test; perimetry of the thigh; 6-minute walk test; Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; Medical Research Council scale for dyspnea and the BODE index. The intervention was performed three times a week and was composed of 18 sessions of 30-minute NMES followed by 30 minutes of exercise for the UL based on the diagonal Kabat method. The NMES parameters were: 50Hz of frequency, 6s on and 8s off, increase slope of 2s and decrease slope of 2s, pulse width of 400μs, and intensity defined as patient tolerance and increased from 1 to 5mA each day. Results: The results have shown an increase in muscle strength (p = 0.01) and of muscle resistance (p = 0.01). There was an improvement tendency in the quality of life (p = 0.16) and in the cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.11). Conclusion: The association of physical exercises with diagonals and NMES can be a beneficial resource for the treatment of patients with severe COPD. It is suggested, however, the need for new researches with a wider sample size for assuring these benefits.