Maristela de Oliveira Bauer

Casca de soja em dietas para ovinos

The objective was to evaluate the use of four levels of soybean hulls (0.0, 8.0, 16.0 and 24.0%) to replace the corn meal (0.0, 25, 50 and 75%) in the diet of sheep in feedlot. Performance, nutrient digestibilities and feeding costs were evaluated. Twenty Santa Inez breed lambs with 32.96 kg BW were distributed to a completely randomized design with four diets and five replications. The diet was composed of 50% forage (50% of corn silage and 50% of sugar cane) and 50% concentrate. The concentrates were composed of corn meal, soybean meal, mineral mix and urea, so corn meal was gradually replaced by soybean hulls. No effect was observed in the levels of soybean hulls of diet on feed intake of nutrients, except for NDF, which linearly increased according to soybean hulls level in the diet. Soybean hulls levels did not affect digestibility of nutrients, weight gain (0.215 kg/anim.day) and feed conversion ratio of the animals (6.20 kg DM/kg weight gain). Increasing of soybean hulls levels in the diet reduced feeding cost and increased the gross margin from R

Levels of supplementation for grazing beef heifers.

10.89 to R

Comparação fotointerpretativa entre aerofoto e imagem de satélite

18.63 per animal in the 0 and 75% of replacement levels, respectively. The replacement of up to 75% of corn meal by soybean hulls in the diet does not affect performance of sheep finished in feedlot.

Características anatômicas e valor nutritivo de quatro gramíneas predominantes em pastagem natural de Viçosa, MG

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of providing different levels of a supplement on the nutritional characteristics and productive performance of heifers on pasture during the rainy-dry transition and dry season in Brazil or tropical area. Thirty crossbred heifers with predominance of Zebu breed were used in a completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted of a mineral supplement and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 kg/animal/d of a protein supplement containing 300 g crude protein (CP)/kg of dry matter (DM). In the rainy-dry transition season there was quadratic effect of the protein supplementation (p<0.10) on daily weight gain (DWG). A linear relationship (p<0.10) was found between increasing supplement intake and intakes of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), non fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). Coefficients of apparent digestibility of CP, EE, and NFC increased linearly (p<0.10) with increasing supplement levels, but there was no effect on the DM apparent digestibility (p>0.10); the microbial efficiency (g CPmic/kg TDN) and the relationship of microbial nitrogen flow with nitrogen intake (g/g nitrogen intake) were negative linear profiles. In the dry season, the descriptive pattern least squares means showed a trend of stabilization of DWG from the supply of 0.98 kg of protein supplement; the intakes of DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC, and TDN showed increasing linear relationship (p<0.10) with protein supplement levels; the means of apparent digestibility coefficients of the different dietary fractions presented a linear-response-plateau (LRP); the microbial nitrogen flow (g/d) showed positive linear profile (p<0.10) for supplementation levels. It is concluded that supplementation improves the productive performance of grazing heifers and that 1.0 kg/d of supplement per animal gives the maximum increment of weight gain.

Caracterização dos municípios do Estado do Espírito Santo quanto à produção leiteira

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o uso de diferentes metodologias na determinacao do uso e ocupacao da terra utilizando aerofotos digitais, com resolucao espacial de 1 m (cenario 01) e imagens de satelite, com resolucao espacial de 0,5 m (cenario 02), fotointerpretadas em tela, na escala cartografica de 1:2.000, da bacia hidrografica do corrego Horizonte, Alegre-ES. Utilizaram-se os indices de desempenho global e indice Kappa para determinacao do erro medio entre os cenarios e teste t a 5 % de probabilidade para avaliar o grau de significância no processo de fotointerpretacao entre os cenarios 01 e 02. Foram identificadas 27 classes de uso da terra para os cenarios 01 e 02. As classes de pastagem (599,62 e 442,43 ha) e fragmento florestal (319,45 e 258,07 ha) respectivamente, ocupando maiores areas nos dois cenarios, compondo 69,80 % para o cenario 01 e 53,04 % para o cenario 02 das areas totais. Verificou-se uma variacao positiva do DG em 6,67 % do cenario 01 em relacao ao cenario 02. Entretanto o K demonstra que o cenario 02 possui uma menor taxa entre os erros de omissao e comissao em 2,09 %, nao apresentado significância pela analise estatistica em nivel de 5 % pelo teste t.

Análise comparativa de fragmentos identificáveis de forrageiras, pela técnica micro-histológica

It was evaluated the effect of anatomical characteristics and tissue lignification sites on the leaf blade nutritive value of four grasses sampled during the dry and rainy season. Fresh samples of the two last expanded leaf blades on the tiller tops of molassesgrass (Melinis minutiflora Pal. De Beauv), signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens Staph.), sapegrass (Imperata brasiliensis Trin.) and, jaraguagrass (Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Staph.) were collected in the rainy and dry seasons. These samples were evaluated according to anatomical characteristics using light and scan microscopy (proportion of xylem and sclerenchyma tissues), chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The experimental data were submitted to statistical analysis appropriate to the completely random design, in the factorial arrangement with three replications per treatment. The same pattern of tissue proportion and IVDMD values were observed for molassesgrass and signalgrass, as well as for sapegrass and jaraguagrass. The seasons of the year influenced the IVDMD and the concentrations of the cell wall components, but their effect on the leaf blades anatomical characteristics was inconsistent. Significant and negative correlation coefficients were observed between the IVDMD and the proportions of lignified vascular bundle sheath, sclerenchyma and phloem as well as with NDF, ADF and lignin contents of the leaf blades.

Análise micro-histológica da composição botânica de misturas preestabelecidas, submetidas ao processo de digestão in vitro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os 78 municipios do estado do Espirito Santo, com relacao as informacoes da producao de leite disponiveis nos bancos de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE). Utilizaram-se oito variaveis relacionadas a producao municipal de leite para implementar uma analise de agrupamento combinando metodos hierarquicos e nao hierarquicos, cuja validacao foi feita por meio do coeficiente de correlacao cofenetica. A analise de agrupamento permitiu identificar tres grupos de municipios do estado do Espirito Santo com caracteristicas similares com relacao a producao de leite. O grupo 1 reuniu os seis municipios com as maiores medias de producao de leite, o grupo 2 foi composto por vinte municipios com valores intermediarios das variaveis em estudo e, o grupo tres foi formado pelos cinquenta e dois municipios com menores producoes. Recomenda-se a utilizacao da analise de agrupamento para agregar municipios com relacao as informacoes de producao leiteira e auxiliar na tomada de decisoes que visem melhorias do setor.

PRODUÇÃO E CARACTERÍSTICAS ESTRUTURAIS DE CINCO FORRAGEIRAS DO GÊNERO Brachiaria SOB INTENSIDADES DE CORTES INTERMITENTES

The objetive of this study was to verify differences among forages species in relation to the percentage of identifiable fragment as affected by the digestion process and season. Fresh last expanded leaf lamina samples of the species Melinis minutiflora Pal. de Beauv (Molassesgrass), Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf. (Jaraguagrass), Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. (Signalgrass), Imperata brasilienses Trin. (Sapegrass), and foliar laminas of Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa) and Schinus terebenthifolius Raddi (Aroeira), sampled in the rainy and dry seasons, were digested in vitro and prepared according to the microhistological technique. The digestion process caused change of 19 units in the percentage of identifiable fragments whose values varied among forage species. The season did not influence the percentage of identifiable fragments for most species; the presence of pigments and adherence of epidermis to internal tissues of the leaf hindered the identification of fragments. The digestion improved the identification of sapegrass fragments, jaraguagrass and Schinus terebenthifolius Raddi, but hindered identification of signalgrass fragments and mainly those of alfalfa.

DESEMPENHO E VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DE NOVILHOS SUPLEMENTADOS NAS ÁGUAS MANTIDOS EM PASTAGEM DE CAPIM-MARANDU

The botanical composition of pre-established mixtures of six forages species was estimated after in vitro digestion times and compared with the real composition. Three mixtures of six species of known participations were made up in the rainy and dry seasons and estimated through the microhistological technique. The sampling season interfered with the estimates of only one of the mixtures. In spite of the statistical differences between the real composition of the mixtures and their estimates, the similarity indices for the periods were superior to 85%. The digestion time influenced mixtures estimates, according to the percentage of the species participation. The three mixtures estimates were identical after 48 and 72 hours of digestion. The digestion of the samples either improved or worsened the estimates, according to the percentage of participation and to species resistance. The digestion process must not be considered as the only factor of variation when this technique is utilized, since the similarity indices between the periods, the digestion time and the real composition were superior to 75%.