Marlise Nara Ciotta

Propagação in vitro e caracterização química do óleo essencial de Lavandula angustifolia cultivada no Sul do Brasil

Lavandula angustifolia Mill. e uma importante planta produtora de oleos essenciais, que apresenta dificuldade de propagacao pelo enraizamento de estacas, sendo a producao de mudas realizada nesse trabalho pela tecnica de micropropagacao, em que foram avaliadas algumas condicoes do cultivo in vitro. As mudas produzidas pela micropropagacao foram cultivadas em Sao Joaquim (SC). O oleo essencial das inflorescencias foi extraido por hidrodestilacao, e analisado quanto a sua composicao por GC/MS, em dois anos de colheita. O meio de cultura LS apresentou melhor resposta no desenvolvimento das brotacoes, nao sendo observadas brotacoes com necrose apical. Meios de cultura mais diluidos como o ½ MS e o WPM, apresentaram altas taxas de hiperidricidade e necrose apical das brotacoes. A citocinina BAP influenciou a multiplicacao das brotacoes, sendo a qualidade mantida com 1,0µM ao longo de quatro subcultivos. A sobrevivencia das plantas na aclimatizacao foi de 80%. Os teores de oleo essencial foram de 4,0% e 5,25%, na primeira e segunda colheita, respectivamente. Os compostos majoritarios foram o linalol (46,88% e 37,25%) e acetato de linalila (10,09% e 12,24%).

‘FUJI’ APPLE TREE RESPONSE TO PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of orchard fertilization with increasing rates of phosphorus (P) on yield and critical levels of P in the soil and in the leaf of ‘Fuji’ apple trees. The experiment was conducted in São Joaquim, state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, from 2010 to 2015, in an Inceptisol soil. The three apple orchards were planted in 2004 with the Fuji cultivar grafted on Marubakaido/ M9 rootstock and grown under a high-plant-density system (1984 trees ha-1). Annual fertilizer levels of 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of P2O5 (as triple superphosphate) were applied to the soil surface, without incorporation, in a randomized block design with five replicates. In the first and last years (2011 and 2015), soil samples were collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 0-20 cm layers and the available P content was analyzed. Annually, whole leaves were collected and analyzed for P content. The number and weight of fruits per tree and hfruit yield were also evaluated. Application of P increased the content of available P in the soil, but this increase was not accompanied by increased leaf P content nor by increased fruit yield. This suggests that, in soils with medium to high content of organic matter and well fertilized with P before planting, there is no response of apple trees for P reapplication in the 10 subsequent years.

Contribution of mineral N to young grapevine in the presence or absence of cover crops

The presence of cover crops in vineyards may decrease the availability of nitrogen (N) derived from fertilizer to grapevines. The present study aimed to evaluate the recovery of urea-15N and growth of young grapevines with and without natural vegetation in plant rows. The study was conducted in southern Brazil on one-year-old Chardonnay grapevines grown in soils with and without cover crops. The grapevines were subjected to the application of 40 kg N ha-1 in the form of urea-15N at 3% 15N atom excess. Dry matter yield, total N and fertilizer N were assessed in grapevines and soil layers. A small amount of N that is applied during the growing season of the grapevines is readily assimilated by the plants. The maintenance of cover crops in young vineyards may favor the maintenance of higher levels of N in the subsurface layers of the soil, contributing to the nutrition of the grapevines in the following growth cycles. The presence of cover crops reduced the importance of nitrogen fertilization in the growth cycle of grapevines because a large part of N absorbed by grapevines was derived from other sources. Nitrogen derived from the fertilizer applied to the soil in the presence or absence of cover crops was mainly concentrated in the newly-formed vegetative grapevine organs (leaves and shoots).

Growth, mineral composition, fruit yield, and mycorrhizal colonization of feijoa in response to lime and phosphorus application

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of liming and phosphorus fertilization on the growth, mineral composition of the leaves, fruit yield, and mycorrhizal colonization of young feijoa ( Acca sellowiana ) plants. Treatments consisted of four liming levels – 0, 25, 50, and 100% of the dose required to raise the soil pH to 6.5 – and of five levels of P – 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha ‑1 xa0P 2 O 5 –, placed in a randomized complete block design, in a split‑plot arrangement, with three replicates. The orchard was established in 2010 with the Helena cultivar. In 2012, 2013, and 2014, plant growth was evaluated by measuring trunk perimeter, plant height, and tree canopy width. Mineral composition of the leaves, regarding P, N, K, Ca, and Mg contents, was assessed annually. Mycorrhizal colonization was evaluated in 2012, and fruit yield was determined in 2014. No interaction was observed between the studied factors. P contents had no effect on the evaluated variables. Liming, however, increases plant growth, mycorrhizal colonization, fruit yield, and Ca and Mg leaf contents, besides reducing K leaf contents.

Mineral composition of leaves and fruits of apple ‘Fuji’ on different rootstocks in the region of São Joaquim-SC

This work evaluated the mineral composition of leaves and fruits of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) ‘Fuji’ on different rootstocks. The experiment was conducted from 2008 to 2011 in the municipality of São Joaquim (SC). The treatments evaluated rootstocks: CG.008, CG.24, CG.56, CG.058, CG.210, CG.213, CG.757, CG.814 and CG.969 of the American series Cornell Geneva (CG); JM.2 and JM.7 of the Japanese series Japan, Morioka (JM); and M.7, M.9 and M.26 of the English series, EMLA (M). The experimental design was randomized blocks with four repetitions. Annually, the leaves were collected for the chemical analysis. Only in the years 2009 and 2010, the fruit samples were collected to determine nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The leaf Ca content differed between rootstocks, especially for CG.213 and CG.969, which presented a higher content of the nutrient. However, there were no differences between rootstocks in terms of Ca content in the fruit, which confirms the low ratio between the contents in leaves and fruits. Ratios between nutrients, mainly (K+Mg)/ Ca, are more sensitive to the Ca content to discriminate groups of rootstocks about possible risk of physiological disorders in the fruits. Indexation terms: Malus domestica, mineral nutrition, physiological disorders, fruit quality. Composição mineral de folhas e frutos da macieira ‘Fuji’ em diferentes porta-enxertos na região de São Joaquim-SC Resumo – O trabalho objetivou avaliar a composição mineral de folhas e frutos de macieira (Malus domestica Borkh) ‘Fuji’ sobre diferentes porta-enxertos. O experimento foi conduzido durante o período de 2008 a 2011, no município de São Joaquim (SC). Os tratamentos consistiram na avaliação de 14 porta-enxertos: CG.008, CG.24, CG.56, CG.058, CG.210, CG.213, CG.757, CG.814 e CG.969 da série americana Cornell Geneva (CG); JM.2 e JM.7 da série japonesa Japan, Morioka (JM); e M.7, M.9 e M.26 da série inglesa, EMLA (M). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Anualmente, foram coletadas as folhas para a análise química. Apenas nos anos de 2009 e 2010, as amostras de frutos foram coletadas para determinação de nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg). O teor foliar de Ca diferiu entre porta-enxertos, com destaque para CG.213 e CG.969, os quais apresentaram maior teor do nutriente. Entretanto, não houve diferenças entre porta-enxertos em relação ao teor de Ca no fruto, o que confirma a baixa relação entre os teores nas folhas e nos frutos. As relações entre os nutrientes, principalmente de (K+Mg)/Ca, são mais sensíveis que o teor individual de Ca para discriminar grupos de porta-enxertos quanto ao possível risco de apresentar distúrbios fisiológicos nos frutos. Termos para indexação: Malus domestica, nutrição mineral, distúrbios fisiológicos, qualidade de frutos. 1Agronomist, Doctor in Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Embrapa Clima Temperado , Pelotas, RS-Brasil, E-mail: gilberto.nava@embrapa.br 2Agronomist, Doctor in Soil Science, Researcher of the Estação Experimental de São Joaquim/ São Joaquim,SC-Brasil, E-mail: marlise@epagri.sc.gov.br 3Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 3005 Experiment Station Drive, Hood River, OR 97031, E-mail: mateus.pasa@gmail.com 4Agronomist, Master in phytopathology, Researcher of the Empresa Fito Desenvolvimento e Produção, São Joaquim-SC-Brasil. E-mail: fito.boneti@gmail.com

Performance of ‘Fuji Suprema’ apple trees treated with budbreak promoters, in São Joaquim-SC

The application of rest breaking agents to overcome the lack of chilling is a common practice in apple orchards in southern Brazil. However, its necessity in areas of greater chilling accumulation, like in the city São Joaquim, Santa Catarina State (SC), has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different budbreak promoters, on the performance of ‘Fuji Suprema’ apple trees, in the region of São Joaquim/SC. The study was performed at the Experimental Station of São Joaquim Santa Catarina Agricultural Research and Extension Agency (EPAGRI), in the growing seasons of 2013/2014, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016. Plant material consisted of 10-year-old ‘Fuji Suprema apple trees grafted on the rootstock ‘M.9’ and arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Treatments consisted of a nutrient solution containing soluble nitrogen and calcium (NCaS), combined with either calcium nitrate or mineral oil, at different rates; and hydrogen cyanamide combined with mineral oil. The time of application was when buds were between the stages A (dormant bud) and B (swollen bud; silver tip). The influence of treatments on flowering, budbreak, yield components, and fruit quality was assessed. Flowering and fruit quality were little affected by treatments. In the other hand, the budbreak promoters consistently improved axillary budbreak in two out of three seasons.

PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF ‘FUJI’ APPLE TREES ON ‘JM’ SERIES ROOTSTOCKS, IN SÃO JOAQUIM/SC

Centros de pesquisa internacionais tem desenvolvido novos porta-enxertos de macieira com maior produtividade, resistencia a pragas e doencas e adaptacao a diferentes condicoes edafoclimaticas. Entao, o desempenho desses novos porta-enxertos nas condicoes das principais regioes produtoras deve ser pesquisado. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de macieiras ‘Fuji’ em porta-enxertos da serie JM e M.7, na regiao de Sao Joaquim, SC. O experimento foi desenvolvido no periodo de 2010 a 2015. O material vegetal consistiu de plantas da cultivar Fuji enxertadas nos porta-enxertos JM.2, JM.3, JM.5, JM.7, JM.8 e M.7. As mudas de haste simples foram plantadas no inverno de 2002 em espacamento de 5 x 1,5m. As plantas foram conduzidas no sistema de lider central. O delineamento experimental foi de casualizacao por blocos com quatro repeticoes. As variaveis analisadas foram producao por planta, numero de frutos por planta, produtividade, eficiencia produtiva e area da secao transversal do tronco. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a producao de ‘Fuji’ foi maior com os porta-enxertos JM.3, JM.7, JM.8, e M.7. Os portaenxertos JM.2, JM.5, JM.7 e JM.8 induzem vigor semelhante a M.7. Os resultados tambem mostram que a massa de fruto e pouco influenciada pelo porta-enxerto.