Marlon Gomes Ney

A contribuição das atividades agrícolas e não-agrícolas para a desigualdade de renda no Brasil rural

This study analyses the contribution of agricultural and non-farm activities to the inequality of rural income distribution in Brazil, observing two evidences: the participation of each sector in the household earnings of different income strata delimited by percentiles and the decomposition of Gini coefficients. Besides the official rural population, this research includes towns whose population and demographic density are very low. The results show that agriculture and rural non-farm activities contribute, respectively, to reduce and to increase rural income inequalities in Brazil.

Análise da evolução do valor dos financiamentos do Pronaf-crédito (1999 a 2010): número, valor médio e localização geográfica dos contratos

The inequality of credit distribution of Pronaf, between regions and types of family farmers, has been indicated in many studies. To investigate this question, the research analyzes the evolution of Pronaf credit financings in Brazil, facing its decomposition in the effects number of contracts, average value of contracts and geographic localization. It can be concluded that, in the initial phase of the Program, a great increase in the contract number was verified, with dispersion of financings for states of poorer family farming, situated mainly in the Northeastern region in Brazil. This expansion continued until 2006, also followed, since 2003, by the increase in the average size of contracts. Since then, the expansion of the credit has been based exclusively on the increase of the average size of contracts and on the growing participation of states of capitalized agriculture in its distribution. As a result of this change, which may be associated with changes in the rules of the program, the inequality of the distribution of its financings is increasing.

Educação, concentração fundiária e desigualdade de rendimentos no meio rural brasileiro

The paper analyses the effects of rural income determinants, in particular of human capital and physical capital. Besides the earnings equation estimated for persons occupied in agriculture, the paper also analyzes earnings regressions for persons occupied in the industry and service sectors. The results show that physical capital is the main determinant of earnings in Brazilian agriculture, but schooling is the most important determinant of earnings for persons occupied in rural non-farm activities and for all persons living in rural areas.

Análise da Distribuição dos Financiamentos Rurais entre os Estabelecimentos Agropecuários Brasileiros

The objective of the research was to analyze the distribution of the credit use between the rural establishments, considering, as criteria, the number of establishments and participating in production value. To analyze this distribution, the percentage of credit used by the 50% lower and by the 5 and 10% larger establishments, the average value financed and the concentration index were calculated. The results showed that the distribution of funding between the agricultural establishments are concentrated, but tends to reflect the differences of these establishments with respect their contribution to the production value. This result is related to the effects of Pronaf, a program that benefits the establishments of the lower strata of area. In the absence of this program, the distribution of the government programs of credit would be much more concentrated. However, changes in the operational rules of this program, which favor more capitalized farmers and regions where they predominate, are probably reducing this effect.

Caracterização do nível tecnológico dos apicultores do estado do Rio de Janeiro

The study examines and seeks grants to generate and transfer compatible technologies with the socioeconomic status of beekeepers. Data were extracted from the Census Beekeeping, involving 75 municipalities with significant beekeeping activity. Factor analysis was used to characterize the technological level of beekeepers. The results showed low technological level. Using the factor scores the gross rate of development was calculated. With higher values of this index, Conceicao de Macabu, Areal, Duas Barras, Rio Claro, Cardoso Moreira, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Campos dos Goytacazes, Natividade e Nova Iguacu cities were highlighted. It was found that the level of education has affected positively the development of beekeepers. This development was also affected by the technical assistance, by the management and exchange of queen practice and by the migratory beekeeping. Thus, the modernization of beekeepers to improve the technological level, expand productivity and diversify their production necessarily involves knowledge level of the beekeeper and the socioeconomic situation.

Dinâmica na produção e na diversificação das culturas cultivadas no Espírito Santo de 1970 a 2010

O trabalho objetivou analisar a dinâmica das principais culturas no Estado do Espirito Santo, no periodo de 1970 a 2010. Empregou-se o metodo shift-share para quantificar variacao de area, rendimento, localizacao geografica e indices de diversificacao de area e de valor da producao. Constatou-se que houve alteracoes de area, de producao e de produtividade. Nas quatro decadas analisadas, a cultura do cafe apresentou maior expansao em area (148%), com efeitos positivos tanto em escala, quanto em substituicao. Enquanto as culturas de milho, de arroz e de feijao foram as que mais decresceram em area, com efeitos negativos tanto em escala, quanto em substituicao. Suas taxas de producao foram negativas, com reducao de efeitos area e de rendimento. O indice de diversificacao revelou que houve concentracao de area em poucos produtos. Palavras-chave: Agricultura capixaba. Diversificacao. Efeito area e de rendimento. Metodo shift-share.

ÍNDICE DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA E O CONTEXTO ESCOLAR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES – RJ

O Indice de Desenvolvimento da Educacao Basica (IDEB) se apresenta como uma das principais ferramentas de tomadas de decisoes do governo em relacao a educacao. Contudo o IDEB tem sido criticado por sua metodologia puramente quantitativa. O presente trabalho buscou analisar as percepcoes de professores em relacao ao cotidiano escolar e ao indicador atraves de um estudo de caso em nove escolas estaduais localizadas em Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ. Foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, utilizando o metodo de aplicacao de questionarios e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A partir dos resultados e possivel notar que o IDEB nao e suficiente para descrever a qualidade de uma escola e nao ha grandes diferencas entre as escolas analisadas.

Desigualdades educacionais na educação básica: uma investigação a partir do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio

The article presents the influence of family socioeconomic resources on student performance in National Secondary Education Examination (ENEM) and its relation with the degree of educational inequality in Brazil. The research used performance microdata from the 2011 ENEM excluding students who did not report academic retention, as well as those who missed the exam or failed in any in of the four objective tests. Another adjustment was made to consider students from 17 to 19 years of age. Male performance exceeded the female in objective assessment, while the opposite occurred in the composition test. The largest educational inequalities occur among those who declared attending state schools, among black and brown-skinned students, with mothers who never attended school and who have a monthly income of up to 1,5 minimum salary.