Armando Fornazier

Análise da evolução do valor dos financiamentos do Pronaf-crédito (1999 a 2010): número, valor médio e localização geográfica dos contratos

The inequality of credit distribution of Pronaf, between regions and types of family farmers, has been indicated in many studies. To investigate this question, the research analyzes the evolution of Pronaf credit financings in Brazil, facing its decomposition in the effects number of contracts, average value of contracts and geographic localization. It can be concluded that, in the initial phase of the Program, a great increase in the contract number was verified, with dispersion of financings for states of poorer family farming, situated mainly in the Northeastern region in Brazil. This expansion continued until 2006, also followed, since 2003, by the increase in the average size of contracts. Since then, the expansion of the credit has been based exclusively on the increase of the average size of contracts and on the growing participation of states of capitalized agriculture in its distribution. As a result of this change, which may be associated with changes in the rules of the program, the inequality of the distribution of its financings is increasing.

Políticas territoriais e desigualdades no meio rural brasileiro

Inequalities between regions make intervention actions be implemented differently. The Working Group for the Development of the Brazilian Northeast (GTDN) was a milestone of a project to reduce regional disparities. Nevertheless, the loss of state power by crises occasioned by the high debt and the neoliberal ideals have changed the character of the intervention in regional planning. Considering the aggravation of many problems concerning the regional inequality, the military created the National Policy for Regional Development (PNDR) with the aim of reducing regional inequalities and the territorial programs as Territories of Citizenship for rural and low economic dynamics. This article intends to assess how public policies can play in order to reduce disparities between regions and social groups, with emphasis on territorial development program called Territories of Citizenship. The link between social actors and the different spheres of government is the main focus of territorial programs and increasingly the territory becomes a mechanism to define public policy actions, i.e., the territory is not understood only as a geographical space but also as a space of articulation. In addition, this policy seeks to interact the rural and urban, both in the incentives for productive activities as the provision of social benefits, and also constitutional and infrastructure services. The participation is increasingly the part of the speech, however, there is a need for a joint action gathering local and national development projects aiming to reduce regional disparities.