Marta Barandiarán Galdós

Morphology of retinal vessels in the optic disk in a Gottingen minipig experimental glaucoma model

OBJECTIVE To compare the morphology of normal, healthy Gottingen minipig retinal vessels of the optic disk with experimentally induced glaucomatous optic disks in order to identify the glaucomatous excavation. Present results were compared to human glaucoma findings. PROCEDURE Sixteen eyes from eight Göttingen minipigs were studied using fundoscopic photography and fluorescein angiography. Experimental glaucoma was then induced in the left eyes over 14 months, and changes in the optic disk vessels were assessed using fundoscopic photography and fluorescein angiography. The changes were compared with those previously reported in humans. RESULTS Regarding the number of vessels, the location from where they emerge and the sectors of the optic disk that they cross, arterial and retinal vessels in Göttingen minipigs present a more asymmetric layout than in humans. The central excavation is filled by the central venous ring. Changes in the glaucomatous optic disk include arteriolar incurvation, and sometimes, nasal, and peripheral displacement of the arterioles that emerge between the ganglion cell axons of the neuroretinal ring. No angiographic changes were observed in the experimental glaucoma model. CONCLUSIONS The changes in the glaucomatous optic disk of the minipig imply a predominant involvement of the arterioles. However, in humans with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), both the arterioles and the venules are displaced, and the central excavation is easier to distinguish, because of the absence of a central venous ring.

Occlusive vasculitis and optic disk neovascularization associated with neuroretinitis.

Purpose: To report a case of neuroretinitis associated with ischemic nasal branch retinal vein occlusion, periphlebitis, and neovascularization of the optic disk. Methods: Case report. Results: A 32-year-old man presented with a typical image of neuroretinitis, retinal hemorrhages and sheathing of the retinal veins in the nasal retina. His left hand had been bitten by a kitten 8 weeks before. Serology for Bartonella henselae was negative. On the 6th week of follow-up, optic disk neovascularization developed, which required retinal photocoagulation. Photocoagulation was performed again at the 12th and 18th week revision since further new vessels had developed. At the 32nd week of follow-up neovascularization had regressed. Conclusions: Neuroretinitis may be associated with severe complications such as retinal vascular occlusions and optic disk neovascularization.

Communication policies of Spanish universities targeting prospective students: an evaluation by secondary schools

Este artigo apresenta uma avaliacao das politicas de comunicacao atraves do qual as universidades espanholas ajudam a facilitar a passagem dos jovens do secundario para o ensino superior. Os dados subjacentes foram recolhidos atraves de uma pesquisa realizada com os prestadores de orientacao em uma amostra de escolas secundarias espanholas, bem como atraves de uma serie de entrevistas em profundidade envolvendo esses mesmos professores. A investigacao levou a conclusao de que a orientacao de carreira oferecidas pelas escolas secundarias e fornecido dentro de um cenario de precariedade relativa em termos de informacoes: os professores inquiridos consideram que a importância do conteudo instrucao que recebem sempre excede a qualidade da maneira pela qual esta informacao esta proxima. Os desenvolvimentos na concepcao de novos diplomas universitarios e os criterios aplicados pela Agencia Nacional da Espanha de Avaliacao da Qualidade e Acreditacao (ANECA) constituem uma magnifica oportunidade para melhorias neste campo.