Marta Miriam Lopes Costa

A utilização da teoria da aprendizagem significativa no ensino da Enfermagem

OBJECTIVE to synthesize the scientific literature about the Theory of Meaningful Learning in the process of teaching and learning in nursing. METHOD this is an integrative review conducted in the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, BDENF and CINAHL with studies addressing the subject or aspects of the theory of meaningful learning of David Ausubel. Ten studies were included, from which six were written in Portuguese and four in English, published from 1998 to 2013. RESULTS five studies used the theory of meaningful learning, four studies cited Ausubel as the author of this theory and only two studies followed the framework for the application of the theory completely. There are only a few studies on this subject and those which explore it are not correlated with Ausubels theory. CONCLUSION it is necessary to break with the dichotomy between theory and practice and promote the articulation of content with action, introducing the student as the author of their own knowledge.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of condom use by women of an impoverished urban area

OBJETIVO Avaliar a adequabilidade do conhecimento, da atitude e pratica de mulheres acerca de preservativos masculino e feminino enquanto medida preventiva as IST/HIV. METODO Inquerito domiciliar, avaliativo do tipo conhecimento, atitude e pratica (PAC), de abordagem quantitativa, envolvendo 300 mulheres. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre junho e agosto de 2013, em um aglomerado subnormal do municipio de Joao Pessoa. RESULTADOS Para o preservativo masculino, a maioria das mulheres apresentou conhecimento e pratica inadequados e atitude adequada. Em relacao ao preservativo feminino, as variaveis conhecimento, atitude e pratica foram insatisfatorias. Houve associacoes significativas entre conhecimento/orientacao religiosa e atitude/escolaridade para o preservativo masculino. CONCLUSAO A equipe multiprofissional deve estar compromissada com o desenvolvimento de praticas educativas como ferramentas de promocao do cuidado, no sentido de favorecer a adesao ao uso de preservativos.Objective: Assessing the adequacy of knowledge, attitude and practice of women regarding male and female condoms as STI/HIV preventive measures. Method: An evaluative Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) household survey with a quantitative approach, involving 300 women. Data collection took place between June and August 2013, in an informal urban settlement within the municipality of Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Northeast Brazil. Results: Regarding the male condom, most women showed inadequate knowledge and practice, and an adequate attitude. Regarding the female condom, knowledge, attitude and practice variables were unsatisfactory. Significant associations between knowledge/religious orientation and attitude/education regarding the male condom were observed. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary team should be committed to the development of educational practices as care promotion tools in order to improve adherence of condom use.OBJECTIVE Assessing the adequacy of knowledge, attitude and practice of women regarding male and female condoms as STI/HIV preventive measures. METHOD An evaluative Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) household survey with a quantitative approach, involving 300 women. Data collection took place between June and August 2013, in an informal urban settlement within the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraiba, Northeast Brazil. RESULTS Regarding the male condom, most women showed inadequate knowledge and practice, and an adequate attitude. Regarding the female condom, knowledge, attitude and practice variables were unsatisfactory. Significant associations between knowledge/religious orientation and attitude/education regarding the male condom were observed. CONCLUSION A multidisciplinary team should be committed to the development of educational practices as care promotion tools in order to improve adherence of condom use.

Desempenho da marcha de idosos praticantes de psicomotricidade

Quasi-experimental study conducted with fifteen elderlies, developed at the Physiotherapy Clinical School, Federal University of Paraíba, in 2011. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of gait in elderly practitioners of psychomotor activities. It was conducted a structured interview focusing on social, clinical and functional data, in order to be able to correlate various information which supported the aim of the study. The average cognitive performance was 19.4 at the first assessment and 23.2 in the second. The average performance of activities related to the gait was 11.6 at the first assessment, and 15.5 in the second, after the practice of psychomotor activities. It was found a significant improvement in the performance of activities related to the gait, with irregularities persisting in height and continuity of the step, as well as in the midline deviation.Estudo quase experimental realizado com quinze idosos, desenvolvido na Clinica Escola de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal da Paraiba, em 2011. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho da marcha de idosos praticantes de atividades psicomotoras. Foi realizada uma entrevista estruturada centrada em dados sociais, clinicos e funcionais, com o intuito de poder correlacionar diversas informacoes que sustentassem o objetivo do estudo. A media no desempenho cognitivo foi de 19,4, na primeira avaliacao e de 23,2, na segunda. A media no desempenho de atividades relacionadas a marcha foi de 11,6, na primeira avaliacao, e de 15,5, na segunda, logo apos a pratica de atividades psicomotoras. Constatou-se uma melhora significativa no desempenho das atividades relacionadas a marcha, com irregularidades que persistiram na altura e na continuidade do passo, bem como no desvio da linha media.

Profile of nursing diagnoses of hospitalized patients in an infectious disease unit

OBJECTIVE To define the profile of nursing diagnoses of hospitalized patients at an infectious diseases unit. METHODS This is a descriptive study based on the quantitative approach conducted at an infectious diseases unit in Paraiba, Brazil, from January to February 2014. The data collection instrument was based on the Theory of Basic Human Needs by Wanda de Aguiar Horta, followed by the classification system CIPER version 2.0 to construct the diagnoses. RESULTS Data analysis resulted in 36 nursing diagnoses statements, with a higher prevalence of impaired food intake, cachexia, impaired spontaneous bladder elimination, impaired oral cavity hygiene, exposure to contamination, rapid heart rate, insomnia, drug abuse, alcohol and tobacco abuse, social isolation, acceptance and fear. CONCLUSIONS The identification of a diagnostics profile is critical to guide nursing interventions.

Using the theory of meaningful learning in nursing education

OBJECTIVE to synthesize the scientific literature about the Theory of Meaningful Learning in the process of teaching and learning in nursing. METHOD this is an integrative review conducted in the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, BDENF and CINAHL with studies addressing the subject or aspects of the theory of meaningful learning of David Ausubel. Ten studies were included, from which six were written in Portuguese and four in English, published from 1998 to 2013. RESULTS five studies used the theory of meaningful learning, four studies cited Ausubel as the author of this theory and only two studies followed the framework for the application of the theory completely. There are only a few studies on this subject and those which explore it are not correlated with Ausubels theory. CONCLUSION it is necessary to break with the dichotomy between theory and practice and promote the articulation of content with action, introducing the student as the author of their own knowledge.

Perfil diagnóstico de enfermagem de pacientes hospitalizados em unidade de infectologia

OBJECTIVE To define the profile of nursing diagnoses of hospitalized patients at an infectious diseases unit. METHODS This is a descriptive study based on the quantitative approach conducted at an infectious diseases unit in Paraiba, Brazil, from January to February 2014. The data collection instrument was based on the Theory of Basic Human Needs by Wanda de Aguiar Horta, followed by the classification system CIPER version 2.0 to construct the diagnoses. RESULTS Data analysis resulted in 36 nursing diagnoses statements, with a higher prevalence of impaired food intake, cachexia, impaired spontaneous bladder elimination, impaired oral cavity hygiene, exposure to contamination, rapid heart rate, insomnia, drug abuse, alcohol and tobacco abuse, social isolation, acceptance and fear. CONCLUSIONS The identification of a diagnostics profile is critical to guide nursing interventions.

Walking performance of elderly practitioners of psychomotricity

Quasi-experimental study conducted with fifteen elderlies, developed at the Physiotherapy Clinical School, Federal University of Paraíba, in 2011. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of gait in elderly practitioners of psychomotor activities. It was conducted a structured interview focusing on social, clinical and functional data, in order to be able to correlate various information which supported the aim of the study. The average cognitive performance was 19.4 at the first assessment and 23.2 in the second. The average performance of activities related to the gait was 11.6 at the first assessment, and 15.5 in the second, after the practice of psychomotor activities. It was found a significant improvement in the performance of activities related to the gait, with irregularities persisting in height and continuity of the step, as well as in the midline deviation.Estudo quase experimental realizado com quinze idosos, desenvolvido na Clinica Escola de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal da Paraiba, em 2011. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho da marcha de idosos praticantes de atividades psicomotoras. Foi realizada uma entrevista estruturada centrada em dados sociais, clinicos e funcionais, com o intuito de poder correlacionar diversas informacoes que sustentassem o objetivo do estudo. A media no desempenho cognitivo foi de 19,4, na primeira avaliacao e de 23,2, na segunda. A media no desempenho de atividades relacionadas a marcha foi de 11,6, na primeira avaliacao, e de 15,5, na segunda, logo apos a pratica de atividades psicomotoras. Constatou-se uma melhora significativa no desempenho das atividades relacionadas a marcha, com irregularidades que persistiram na altura e na continuidade do passo, bem como no desvio da linha media.

Characterization of users at risk of developing diabetes: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE To characterize the profile of users at risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 according to sociodemographic and clinical variables. METHOD Cross-sectional study, descriptive, quantitative approach conducted with 266 users of Basic Care. Inferential statistics analysis, calculating the crude prevalence ratio with confidence interval of 95% and Kruskal-Wallis test, and application of the multivariate technique simple Correspondence Analysis. RESULTS It was noted that 83.1% were women and 36.4% frequented the Family Health Unit from 1 to 5 years. Regarding the factors associated with diabetes mellitus type 2, 66.5% of the users were overweight and 77.9% were rated with central obesity. The great majority, 77.4%, did not practice physical activities and 21.1% had altered glycemia. CONCLUSION The results showed that many risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus type 2 were among the population of the study.

Nursing care of the newborn in a neonatal intensive care unit

Objective: To verify the main measures of care for the newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit. Method: This is an integrative review, in which, it is possible to identify, analyze and synthesize research results with the inclusion of experimental and non-experimental studies. A total of 133 articles were collected. After reading titles, exclusion criteria and reading resumes, 10 were left, in which the sample was composed. Results: The selected publications were placed in 3 thematic categories: The importance of knowledge in nursing care, to the internal NB in ​​NICU; Nursing evaluation and care used for pain relief in NB; Main factors and adverse events that may lead to the hospitalization of the newborn and the increase of morbidity and mortality in an NICU. Conclusion: The analysis of the aforementioned study exposes the importance and main nursing care that can be administered in newborns in a NICU, so that the reduction of neonatal mortality can be provided. Descriptors: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; Nursing care; Newborn.

Characterization of People with Diabetes Mellitus Assisted in an Outpatient Follow-up Clinic

Objective: To characterize the profile of people with diabetes, according to sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory variables. Method: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted with 110 people with diabetes mellitus treated at outpatient follow-up of a teaching hospital in Joao Pessoa - PB, Brazil, during February-June 2015. To collect data, we used a form contemplating sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory variables. For the analysis, we used descriptive statistics often measures for categorical variables, mean and standard deviation for numeric variables. Results: The study revealed that the socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics increase the risk of morbidity and mortality for people studied, as well as being impediments to the realization of self-care. Conclusion: The importance of achieving education for self-care was evident, for many of these identified factors can be modified when the person with diabetes has knowledge about their health-disease process, promoting positive attitudes in their care.