Martha Maria Passador

Determination of disease biomarkers in Eucalyptus by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and multivariate data analysis

In this paper is reported the use of the chromatographic profiles of volatiles to determine disease markers in plants - in this case, leaves of Eucalyptus globulus contaminated by the necrotroph fungus Teratosphaeria nubilosa. The volatile fraction was isolated by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-fast quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS). For the correlation between the metabolic profile described by the chromatograms and the presence of the infection, unfolded-partial least squares discriminant analysis (U-PLS-DA) with orthogonal signal correction (OSC) were employed. The proposed method was checked to be independent of factors such as the age of the harvested plants. The manipulation of the mathematical model obtained also resulted in graphic representations similar to real chromatograms, which allowed the tentative identification of more than 40 compounds potentially useful as disease biomarkers for this plant/pathogen pair. The proposed methodology can be considered as highly reliable, since the diagnosis is based on the whole chromatographic profile rather than in the detection of a single analyte.

Teratosphaeria nubilosa em plantações comerciais de Eucalyptus globulus nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil

A large number of pathogens, especially fungi affect several eucalypt species from the nursery phase to the adult crops. Among fungal diseases, Mycosphaerella leaf disease is considered one of the main conditions, to which Eucalyptus globulus, is one of the most susceptible species. This disease is caused by several species into the genera Teratosphaeria and Mycosphaerella, and Teratosphaeria nubilosa is the most importance species. The aim of the present study was to verify the presence of T. nubilosa in materials collected in: Bage-RS, Pedras Altas-RS, Botucatu-SP, Jacarei-SP and Itapeva-SP. By means of isolations from E. globulus leaves presenting cha racter istic symptoms of T. nubilosa, isolates of the fungus could be observed as to ascospore germination pattern and mycelial growth. The pathogen specie was determined by PCR using primers ITS1 and ITS4 and DNA sequencing, and submission to GenBank. From materials collected in all five studied places, confirming the presence of the agent of Mycosphaerella leaf disease in some of E. globulus crops in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil.

Metabolic profiling by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and parallel factor analysis for the determination of disease biomarkers in Eucalyptus

Abstract In this article, we present and discuss an alternative for data analysis of the metabolic profiles of both healthy Eucalyptus globulus and those infected with the Mycosphaerella leaf disease. The crude extracts were analyzed by reversed-phase ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In order to glean the most useful information from these complex measurements, parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was employed for pattern recognition. After PARAFAC modeling, inspection of the scores and loadings graph allowed distinction of the healthy from the infected E. globulus samples and determination of biomarkers related to the biotic stress. The assessment of the monoisotopic masses and the fragmentation patterns allowed the identification of these biomarkers. It is hoped that the proposed method can be used for the diagnosis of diseases in plants, as well as to provide additional insight into the plant’s defense mechanism. Potentially, this may demonstrate the advantages of employing high order chemometric techniques in metabolomic data analysis.

Ferrugem da teca (Olivea neotectonae): novas ocorrências no Brasil e revisão do nome específico

The causal agent of rust teak (Olivea neotectonae) has attacked the teak plantations in several countries of world. It causes severe defoliation of the plants contributing to the reduction of photosynthetic area and hence the production. Especially associated with nurseries plants is more severe in plants with less than 10 years of age. The symptoms of infection are seen as brown spots and signs, serum powdery yellow-orange color. In May 2009 these symptoms and signs were observed in leaves of teak coming from the northern state of Mato Grosso, Maranhao, Tocantins and the Midwest state of Sao Paulo, received by the laboratory of Forest Pathology of FCA-UNESP Botucatu. The aim of this work is to record these observations in the Brazilian states and a brief review on the correct designation of the pathogen.

First record of rust caused by Puccinia psidii (Pucciniaceae) in Acmena smithii in Brazil

Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Ciencias Florestais Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas, R. Jose Barbosa de Barros, 1780

Estudos de três meios de cultura axênicos para a ferrugem das mirtáceas

Axenic cultivation has been shown as an important tool for studies related to the biology, the pathogenicity and the maintenance of pure cultures of biotrophic species. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the in vitro growth of Puccinia psidii uredospores, using enriched culture media that had success in the axenic cultivation of other rusts. Compounds such as salts, amino acids, carbohydrates and vitamins were selected for the preparation of three enriched culture media: ASZV Kuck (10), SH Schenk & Hildebrandt (21) and HG Harvey & Grasham (7), modified. Comparatively, enriched media were prepared from leaves of “jambeiro” (FJ) at four concentrations: 0.5; 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0 g L-1 (grams of leaves per one liter of distilled water). In this study, verification covered only the first stage of fungal growth, germ tube growth, not continuing in the pathogen development. The enriched media that provided greater P. psidii germ tube growth were the media ASZV, HG and FJ at 0.5 g L-1 concentration.

Specificity of Puccinia pampeana to Capsicum spp. cultivars and other solanaceous plants.

ABSTRACT The Capsicum spp. (pepper and green pepper) rust is caused bythe fungus Puccinia pampeana . This is an important disease in thesecrops which may cause complete losses in crops of several species of Capsicum . Although specific to the genus Capsicum , and despite thefact that many species within this genus are susceptible to rust, someof them have shown a hypersensitivity reaction. That was the casewith Capsicum annuum (Cayenne pepper) and C. chinense (datil Passador, M.M.; Furtado, E.L.; Figueiredo, M.B. Specificity of Puccinia pampeana to Capsicum spp. cultivars and other solanaceous plants. Summa Phytopathologica, v.35, n.1, p.63-67, 2009 Keywords: Capsicum rust, varieties, hypersensitive reaction pepper), which, after spermogonia formation (11 days), showednecrotic spots in the peripheral region of the spermogonia 15 daysafter inoculation, without evolution of the infection. A milderhypersensitivity reaction was also observed only in leaves of C.annuum (chili pepper) and C. baccatum

Especificidade de Puccinia pampeana a cultivares de Capsicum spp. e outras solanáceas

ABSTRACT The Capsicum spp. (pepper and green pepper) rust is caused bythe fungus Puccinia pampeana . This is an important disease in thesecrops which may cause complete losses in crops of several species of Capsicum . Although specific to the genus Capsicum , and despite thefact that many species within this genus are susceptible to rust, someof them have shown a hypersensitivity reaction. That was the casewith Capsicum annuum (Cayenne pepper) and C. chinense (datil Passador, M.M.; Furtado, E.L.; Figueiredo, M.B. Specificity of Puccinia pampeana to Capsicum spp. cultivars and other solanaceous plants. Summa Phytopathologica, v.35, n.1, p.63-67, 2009 Keywords: Capsicum rust, varieties, hypersensitive reaction pepper), which, after spermogonia formation (11 days), showednecrotic spots in the peripheral region of the spermogonia 15 daysafter inoculation, without evolution of the infection. A milderhypersensitivity reaction was also observed only in leaves of C.annuum (chili pepper) and C. baccatum

Specificity of Puccinia pampeana to Capsicum spp. cultivars and other solanaceous plants. Summa Phytopathologica

ABSTRACT The Capsicum spp. (pepper and green pepper) rust is caused bythe fungus Puccinia pampeana . This is an important disease in thesecrops which may cause complete losses in crops of several species of Capsicum . Although specific to the genus Capsicum , and despite thefact that many species within this genus are susceptible to rust, someof them have shown a hypersensitivity reaction. That was the casewith Capsicum annuum (Cayenne pepper) and C. chinense (datil Passador, M.M.; Furtado, E.L.; Figueiredo, M.B. Specificity of Puccinia pampeana to Capsicum spp. cultivars and other solanaceous plants. Summa Phytopathologica, v.35, n.1, p.63-67, 2009 Keywords: Capsicum rust, varieties, hypersensitive reaction pepper), which, after spermogonia formation (11 days), showednecrotic spots in the peripheral region of the spermogonia 15 daysafter inoculation, without evolution of the infection. A milderhypersensitivity reaction was also observed only in leaves of C.annuum (chili pepper) and C. baccatum