Mateus Camaroti Laterza

Associação entre risco cardiovascular e hipertensão arterial em professores universitários

A hipertensao arterial e uma das mais importantes causas modificaveis de morbi-mortalidade cardiovascular precoce na populacao adulta mundial, alem de ser fator de risco independente para doencas cardiovasculares. Assim objetivou-se verificar a associacao entre indicadores de risco cardiovascular e hipertensao arterial em professores universitarios. Foram avaliados 145 professores da Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), no ano de 2009, analisando-se as variaveis: sexo, idade, indice de massa corporal (IMC), relacao cintura/quadril (RCQ), circunferencia abdominal (CA), percentual de gordura (%G), colesterol total (CT), triacilglicerol (TG), glicose, pressao arterial sistolica (PAS) e diastolica (PAD) de repouso e consumo maximo de oxigenio (VO2max). Utilizou-se o teste ANOVA one way para comparacao entre individuos normotensos e pre-hipertensos e hipertensos. Calculou-se a razao de chances de desenvolvimento de quadros de PA elevada entre os individuos que apresentavam niveis indicativos de risco cardiovascular. Todos os tratamentos possuiram nivel de significância de p < 0,05. Os homens apresentaram valores significativamente maiores para idade, peso, estatura, IMC, RCQ, CA, PAS e PAD. Ja as mulheres possuiam um %G significativamente elevado. Os individuos com niveis pressoricos elevados apresentaram valores maiores para todas as variaveis, a excecao do VO2max. Observou-se associacao os fatores de risco e elevacao da PA somente para as variaveis: sexo, idade, IMC, CA, %G e TG. Conclui-se que o genero, a idade, o IMC, a circunferencia abdominal, o percentual de gordura corporal e os triacilglicerois foram considerados indicadores de risco cardiovascular por apresentarem associacao com a hipertensao arterial na amostra de professores avaliados.

Autonomic and Vascular Control in Prehypertensive Subjects with a Family History of Arterial Hypertension

Background Individuals with a family history of systemic arterial hypertension (FHSAH) and / or prehypertension have a higher risk of developing this pathology. Objective To evaluate the autonomic and vascular functions of prehypertensive patients with FHSAH. Methods Twenty-five young volunteers with FHSAH, 14 normotensive and 11 prehypertensive subjects were submitted to vascular function evaluation by forearm vascular conductance(VC) during resting and reactive hyperemia (Hokanson®) and cardiac and peripheral autonomic modulation, quantified, respectively, by spectral analysis of heart rate (ECG) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (FinometerPRO®). The transfer function analysis was used to measure the gain and response time of baroreflex. The statistical significance adopted was p ≤ 0.05. Results Pre-hypertensive individuals, in relation to normotensive individuals, have higher VC both at rest (3.48 ± 1.26 vs. 2.67 ± 0.72 units, p = 0.05) and peak reactive hyperemia (25, 02 ± 8.18 vs. 18.66 ± 6.07 units, p = 0.04). The indices of cardiac autonomic modulation were similar between the groups. However, in the peripheral autonomic modulation, greater variability was observed in prehypertensive patients compared to normotensive individuals (9.4 [4.9-12.7] vs. 18.3 [14.8-26.7] mmHg2; p < 0.01) and higher spectral components of very low (6.9 [2.0-11.1] vs. 13.5 [10.7-22.4] mmHg2, p = 0.01) and low frequencies (1.7 [1.0-3.0] vs. 3.0 [2.0-4.0] mmHg2, p = 0.04) of SBP. Additionally, we observed a lower gain of baroreflex control in prehypertensive patients compared to normotensive patients (12.16 ± 4.18 vs. 18.23 ± 7.11 ms/mmHg, p = 0.03), but similar delay time (-1.55 ± 0.66 vs. -1.58 ± 0.72 s, p = 0.90). Conclusion Prehypertensive patients with FHSAH have autonomic dysfunction and increased vascular conductance when compared to normotensive patients with the same risk factor.

Peripheral Vascular Resistance Impairment during Isometric Physical Exercise in Normotensive Offspring of Hypertensive Parents

Background A family history of hypertension is associated with vascular and autonomic abnormalities, as well as an impaired neurohemodynamic response to exercise. Objective To test the hypothesis that normotensive individuals with a family history of hypertension present an impaired peripheral vascular resistance response to exercise. Methods The study included 37 normotensive volunteers of both sexes who were sedentary, eutrophic, and nonsmokers, comprising 23 with (FH+; 24 ± 3 years) and 14 without (FH-; 27 ± 5 years) a family history of hypertension. Blood pressure, heart rate (DIXTAL®), forearm blood flow (Hokanson®), and peripheral vascular resistance were simultaneously measured for 3 minutes during rest and, subsequently, for 3 minutes during an isometric exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (Jamar®). Results At rest, the FH+ and FH- groups present similar mean blood pressure (83 ± 7 versus 83 ± 5 mmHg, p = 0.96), heart rate (69 ± 8 bpm versus 66 ± 7 bpm, p = 0.18), forearm blood flow (3 ± 1 mL/min/100 mL versus 2.7 ± 1 mL/min/100 mL, p = 0.16), and peripheral vascular resistance (30 ± 9 units versus 34±9 units, p = 0.21), respectively. Both groups showed a significant and similar increase in mean blood pressure (∆ = 15 ± 7 mmHg versus 14 ± 7 mmHg, p = 0.86), heart rate (∆ = 12 ± 8 bpm versus 13 ± 7 bpm, p = 0.86), and forearm blood flow (∆ = 0.8 ± 1.2 mL/min/100 mL versus 1.4 ± 1.1 mL/min/100 mL, p = 0.25), respectively, during exercise. However, individuals in the FH+ group showed no reduction in peripheral vascular resistance during exercise, which was observed in the FH- group (∆ = -0.4 ± 8.6 units versus -7.2 ± 6.3 units, p = 0.03). Conclusion Normotensive individuals with a family history of hypertension present an impaired peripheral vascular resistance response to exercise.

Disfunción autonómica cardiaca en niños y adolescentes obesos normotensos

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that obese normotensive children and adolescents present impaired cardiac autonomic control compared to non-obese normotensive ones. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, 66 children and adolescents were divided into the following groups: Obese (n=31, 12±3 years old) and Non-Obese (n=35, 13±3 years old). Obesity was defined as body mass index greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender. Blood pressure was measured by oscillometric method after 15 minutes of rest in supine position. The heart rate was continuously registered during ten minutes in the supine position with spontaneous breathing. The cardiac autonomic control was assessed by heart rate variability, which was calculated from the five-minute minor variance of the signal. The derivations were the index that indicates the proportion of the number of times in which normal adjacent R-R intervals present differences >50 miliseconds (pNN50), for the time domain, and, for the spectral analysis, low (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands, besides the low and high frequencies ratio (LF/HF). The results were expressed as mean±standard deviation and compared by Students t-test or Mann-Whitneys U-test. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure (116±14 versus 114±13mmHg, p=0.693) and diastolic blood pressure (59±8 versus 60±11mmHg, p=0.458) were similar between the Obese and Non-Obese groups. The pNN50 index (29±21 versus 43±23, p=0.015) and HF band (54±20 versus 64±14 normalized units - n.u., p=0.023) were lower in the Obese Group. The LF band (46±20 versus 36±14 n.u., p=0.023) and LF/HF ratio (1.3±1.6 versus 0.7±0.4, p=0.044) were higher in Obese Group. CONCLUSIONS: Obese normotensive children and adolescents present impairment of cardiac autonomic control.Objective: To test the hypothesis that obese normotensive children and adolescents present impaired cardiac autonomic control compared to non-obese normotens...

Disfunção autonômica cardíaca em crianças e adolescentes obesos normotensos

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that obese normotensive children and adolescents present impaired cardiac autonomic control compared to non-obese normotensive ones. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, 66 children and adolescents were divided into the following groups: Obese (n=31, 12±3 years old) and Non-Obese (n=35, 13±3 years old). Obesity was defined as body mass index greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender. Blood pressure was measured by oscillometric method after 15 minutes of rest in supine position. The heart rate was continuously registered during ten minutes in the supine position with spontaneous breathing. The cardiac autonomic control was assessed by heart rate variability, which was calculated from the five-minute minor variance of the signal. The derivations were the index that indicates the proportion of the number of times in which normal adjacent R-R intervals present differences >50 miliseconds (pNN50), for the time domain, and, for the spectral analysis, low (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands, besides the low and high frequencies ratio (LF/HF). The results were expressed as mean±standard deviation and compared by Students t-test or Mann-Whitneys U-test. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure (116±14 versus 114±13mmHg, p=0.693) and diastolic blood pressure (59±8 versus 60±11mmHg, p=0.458) were similar between the Obese and Non-Obese groups. The pNN50 index (29±21 versus 43±23, p=0.015) and HF band (54±20 versus 64±14 normalized units - n.u., p=0.023) were lower in the Obese Group. The LF band (46±20 versus 36±14 n.u., p=0.023) and LF/HF ratio (1.3±1.6 versus 0.7±0.4, p=0.044) were higher in Obese Group. CONCLUSIONS: Obese normotensive children and adolescents present impairment of cardiac autonomic control.Objective: To test the hypothesis that obese normotensive children and adolescents present impaired cardiac autonomic control compared to non-obese normotens...

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in obese normotensive children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that obese normotensive children and adolescents present impaired cardiac autonomic control compared to non-obese normotensive ones. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, 66 children and adolescents were divided into the following groups: Obese (n=31, 12±3 years old) and Non-Obese (n=35, 13±3 years old). Obesity was defined as body mass index greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender. Blood pressure was measured by oscillometric method after 15 minutes of rest in supine position. The heart rate was continuously registered during ten minutes in the supine position with spontaneous breathing. The cardiac autonomic control was assessed by heart rate variability, which was calculated from the five-minute minor variance of the signal. The derivations were the index that indicates the proportion of the number of times in which normal adjacent R-R intervals present differences >50 miliseconds (pNN50), for the time domain, and, for the spectral analysis, low (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands, besides the low and high frequencies ratio (LF/HF). The results were expressed as mean±standard deviation and compared by Students t-test or Mann-Whitneys U-test. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure (116±14 versus 114±13mmHg, p=0.693) and diastolic blood pressure (59±8 versus 60±11mmHg, p=0.458) were similar between the Obese and Non-Obese groups. The pNN50 index (29±21 versus 43±23, p=0.015) and HF band (54±20 versus 64±14 normalized units - n.u., p=0.023) were lower in the Obese Group. The LF band (46±20 versus 36±14 n.u., p=0.023) and LF/HF ratio (1.3±1.6 versus 0.7±0.4, p=0.044) were higher in Obese Group. CONCLUSIONS: Obese normotensive children and adolescents present impairment of cardiac autonomic control.Objective: To test the hypothesis that obese normotensive children and adolescents present impaired cardiac autonomic control compared to non-obese normotens...

Efeito da dieta hiperlipídica e do treinamento aeróbico na aterosclerose em camundongos apoE

INTRODUCAO: A populacao brasileira tem seguido a tendencia dos paises desenvolvidos, cuja caracteristica e o aumento do consumo de gorduras e sedentarismo. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da dieta hiperlipidica e do treinamento sobre o peso corporal, o consumo alimentar, a massa corporal magra, os lipidios plasmaticos, o peso do figado e a aterosclerose em camundongos com deficiencia de apolipoproteina E (apoE-/-). METODOS: vinte e seis camundongos foram divididos em grupos/dieta: NS (normolipidica e sedentario), HS (hiperlipidica e sedentario), NT (normolipidica e treinamento) e HT (hiperlipidica e treinamento). Aferiu-se peso corporal (PC), consumo alimentar (CA) e peso relativo do figado (PRF). Calculou-se a agua da carcaca (A%) pela diferenca do peso pre e pos-secagem, gordura (G%) por Soxhlet e proteina (P%) por Kjeldahl. Determinaram-se colesterol total (CT), triglicerideos (TG) e HDL por metodo enzimatico-colorimetrico e LDL e VLDL pela formula de Friedewald. Analisou-se a aterosclerose por fotomicrografia. Utilizou-se ANOVA e o metodo de Duncan, com P 0,05). A dieta hiperlipidica aumentou o CA (365,3 ± 5,09 vs. 340,16 ± 6,32) e LDL (452,20 ± 114,63 vs. 329,60 ± 77,54) nos animais sedentarios e o CT (858,75 ± 140,84 vs. 320,87 ± 157,81) e o LDL (839,36±139,94 vs. 282,66±166,92) nos treinados (P < 0,05). Ja o treinamento aumentou o CA (350,4 ± 7,81 vs. 340,16 ± 6,32) e A% (64,23 ± 2,46 vs. 62,62 ± 1,47) nos camundongos normolipidicos e diminuiu o CA (336,68 ± 6,23 vs. 365,3 ± 5,09), TG (22,75 ± 12,36 vs. 66,00 ± 21,88), HDL (14,83 ± 3,95 vs. 37,60 ± 13,12), VLDL (4,55 ± 2,47 vs. 13,20 ± 4,37) e aterosclerose (0,35 ± 0,13 vs. 0,56 ± 0,12) nos hiperlipidicos (P < 0,05). CONCLUSAO: A dieta hiperlipidica pode desencadear disturbios no metabolismo lipidico e, com isso, desencadear doencas cardiovasculares; porem, associada ao treinamento, pode diminuir a aterosclerose.

Efecto de la dieta hiperlipídica y del entrenamiento aeróbico en la aterosclerosis en ratones apoE

INTRODUCAO: A populacao brasileira tem seguido a tendencia dos paises desenvolvidos, cuja caracteristica e o aumento do consumo de gorduras e sedentarismo. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da dieta hiperlipidica e do treinamento sobre o peso corporal, o consumo alimentar, a massa corporal magra, os lipidios plasmaticos, o peso do figado e a aterosclerose em camundongos com deficiencia de apolipoproteina E (apoE-/-). METODOS: vinte e seis camundongos foram divididos em grupos/dieta: NS (normolipidica e sedentario), HS (hiperlipidica e sedentario), NT (normolipidica e treinamento) e HT (hiperlipidica e treinamento). Aferiu-se peso corporal (PC), consumo alimentar (CA) e peso relativo do figado (PRF). Calculou-se a agua da carcaca (A%) pela diferenca do peso pre e pos-secagem, gordura (G%) por Soxhlet e proteina (P%) por Kjeldahl. Determinaram-se colesterol total (CT), triglicerideos (TG) e HDL por metodo enzimatico-colorimetrico e LDL e VLDL pela formula de Friedewald. Analisou-se a aterosclerose por fotomicrografia. Utilizou-se ANOVA e o metodo de Duncan, com P 0,05). A dieta hiperlipidica aumentou o CA (365,3 ± 5,09 vs. 340,16 ± 6,32) e LDL (452,20 ± 114,63 vs. 329,60 ± 77,54) nos animais sedentarios e o CT (858,75 ± 140,84 vs. 320,87 ± 157,81) e o LDL (839,36±139,94 vs. 282,66±166,92) nos treinados (P < 0,05). Ja o treinamento aumentou o CA (350,4 ± 7,81 vs. 340,16 ± 6,32) e A% (64,23 ± 2,46 vs. 62,62 ± 1,47) nos camundongos normolipidicos e diminuiu o CA (336,68 ± 6,23 vs. 365,3 ± 5,09), TG (22,75 ± 12,36 vs. 66,00 ± 21,88), HDL (14,83 ± 3,95 vs. 37,60 ± 13,12), VLDL (4,55 ± 2,47 vs. 13,20 ± 4,37) e aterosclerose (0,35 ± 0,13 vs. 0,56 ± 0,12) nos hiperlipidicos (P < 0,05). CONCLUSAO: A dieta hiperlipidica pode desencadear disturbios no metabolismo lipidico e, com isso, desencadear doencas cardiovasculares; porem, associada ao treinamento, pode diminuir a aterosclerose.

Effect of hyperlipidic diet and aerobic training on atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice

INTRODUCAO: A populacao brasileira tem seguido a tendencia dos paises desenvolvidos, cuja caracteristica e o aumento do consumo de gorduras e sedentarismo. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da dieta hiperlipidica e do treinamento sobre o peso corporal, o consumo alimentar, a massa corporal magra, os lipidios plasmaticos, o peso do figado e a aterosclerose em camundongos com deficiencia de apolipoproteina E (apoE-/-). METODOS: vinte e seis camundongos foram divididos em grupos/dieta: NS (normolipidica e sedentario), HS (hiperlipidica e sedentario), NT (normolipidica e treinamento) e HT (hiperlipidica e treinamento). Aferiu-se peso corporal (PC), consumo alimentar (CA) e peso relativo do figado (PRF). Calculou-se a agua da carcaca (A%) pela diferenca do peso pre e pos-secagem, gordura (G%) por Soxhlet e proteina (P%) por Kjeldahl. Determinaram-se colesterol total (CT), triglicerideos (TG) e HDL por metodo enzimatico-colorimetrico e LDL e VLDL pela formula de Friedewald. Analisou-se a aterosclerose por fotomicrografia. Utilizou-se ANOVA e o metodo de Duncan, com P 0,05). A dieta hiperlipidica aumentou o CA (365,3 ± 5,09 vs. 340,16 ± 6,32) e LDL (452,20 ± 114,63 vs. 329,60 ± 77,54) nos animais sedentarios e o CT (858,75 ± 140,84 vs. 320,87 ± 157,81) e o LDL (839,36±139,94 vs. 282,66±166,92) nos treinados (P < 0,05). Ja o treinamento aumentou o CA (350,4 ± 7,81 vs. 340,16 ± 6,32) e A% (64,23 ± 2,46 vs. 62,62 ± 1,47) nos camundongos normolipidicos e diminuiu o CA (336,68 ± 6,23 vs. 365,3 ± 5,09), TG (22,75 ± 12,36 vs. 66,00 ± 21,88), HDL (14,83 ± 3,95 vs. 37,60 ± 13,12), VLDL (4,55 ± 2,47 vs. 13,20 ± 4,37) e aterosclerose (0,35 ± 0,13 vs. 0,56 ± 0,12) nos hiperlipidicos (P < 0,05). CONCLUSAO: A dieta hiperlipidica pode desencadear disturbios no metabolismo lipidico e, com isso, desencadear doencas cardiovasculares; porem, associada ao treinamento, pode diminuir a aterosclerose.

Cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy subjects with a family history of chronic kidney disease

INTRODUCAO: O historico familiar positivo para a doenca renal cronica (HF+) e um fator de risco para o surgimento e desenvolvimento dessa doenca. Desta forma, e importante avaliar tracos que possam estar correlacionados a predisposicao familiar para a doenca renal cronica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a modulacao autonomica, pela variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca, de individuos com HF+. METODOS: Foram avaliados nove individuos saudaveis com HF+ e 22 individuos saudaveis com historico familiar negativo para doenca renal cronica (Grupo HF-), pareados por idade (27 ± 6 vs. 26 ± 4 anos; p = 0,39, respectivamente). A frequencia cardiaca foi medida continuamente pelo cardiofrequencimetro Polar S810i® durante 10 minutos de repouso na posicao supina. A Variabilidade da Frequencia Cardiaca (VFC) foi avaliada pelos indices do dominio do tempo, media dos intervalos RR (MNN), desvio padrao dos intervalos RR (SDNN), raiz media quadratica das diferencas de intervalos RR sucessivos (RMSSD) e percentual de intervalos RR com diferenca de duracao maior que 50 ms (pNN50), e pelos dominios de baixa frequencia (BF), alta frequencia (AF) e razao baixa/alta (BF/AF). Os exames laboratoriais foram realizados apos jejum de 12 horas. Os resultados sao expressos como media ± desvio padrao, adotando como significativo p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos HF+ e HFforam semelhantes em relacao a estimativa da taxa de filtracao glomerular (p = 0,49) e frequencia cardiaca (p = 0,68). Os grupos HF+ e HF- nao apresentaram diferencas significativas em relacao aos indices da variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca MNN; SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, Potencia total; BF; AF u.n e razao BF/AF. CONCLUSAO: A modulacao autonomica cardiaca esta preservada em individuos saudaveis com HF+.