Maura Maria Guimarães de Almeida

Prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns em mulheres e sua relacão com as características sociodemográficas e o trabalho doméstico

OBJETIVOS: estimar a prevalencia de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em mulheres e descrever fatores associados a sua ocorrencia, com enfase no trabalho domestico. METODOS: estudo de corte transversal com mulheres de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Foram entrevistadas 2055 mulheres, com idade 15 anos. Avaliaram-se caracteristicas sociodemograficas e aspectos do trabalho domestico. A saude mental foi avaliada pelo Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Calculou-se a prevalencia de transtornos mentais comuns, sua associacao com alguns fatores, mediante o calculo da razao de prevalencia. RESULTADOS: a prevalencia global de TMC foi 39,4% (IC95%: 37,3-41,6%). Mulheres com alta sobrecarga domestica apresentaram prevalencia de TMC mais elevada (48,1%) do que mulheres com baixa sobrecarga (22,5%). Ajuda domestica remunerada na realizacao das tarefas associou-se a baixa prevalencia de TMC (28,0%); e elevadas prevalencias em mulheres que nao recebiam ajuda (47,1%) ou contavam apenas com o auxilio de um homem (46,9%). Outras caracteristicas estavam associadas a ocorrencia de TMC: ser negra ou parda, divorciada/desquitada/viuva, baixo nivel de escolaridade, ou de renda, ter filhos, ser chefe de familia e nao dedicar tempo semanal ao lazer. CONCLUSOES: aspectos referentes ao trabalho domestico devem ser considerados e incorporados a avaliacao da saude mental das mulheres.

Prevalence of common mental disorders among the residents of urban areas in Feira de Santana, Bahia.

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of common mental disorders according to sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and medical conditions among residents of urban areas of Feira de Santana, Bahia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out, including a random sample of the urban population over the age of 15 years of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. We used a form to attain information on sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and disease frequency. The SRQ-20 was used to measure common mental disorders (CMD). Statistical analysis adopted the p< 0.05 significance level; prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS We studied 3,597 individuals, 71.4% female. The global prevalence of CMD was 29.9%. Data analysis revealed that sociodemographic characteristics (sex, education, income), lifestyle and clinical conditions were associated with the prevalence of CMD. CONCLUSION The study allowed us to estimate the prevalence of CMD among the urban population of a municipality located in Northeastern Brazil and to identify the characteristics associated with CMD prevalence that may interfere with mental health. In this sense, municipal healthcare policies should include actions aimed to encourage participation in leisure activities as well as campaigns to control smoking and chronic diseases.

Diferenciais de gênero no trabalho docente e repercussões sobre a saúde

Em diferentes areas disciplinares, os homens tem sido considerados o padrao-ouro, com o qual as mulheres vem sendo comparadas. A generalizacao de achados obtidos em estudos conduzidos em homens para a realidade vivenciada pelas mulheres pode nao ser adequada. Este estudo avaliou a hipotese de que, no interior da escola, reproduzem-se as relacoes de genero observadas na sociedade, persistindo diferencas de atribuicoes e de valorizacao social do trabalho segundo o genero. Realizou-se estudo epidemiologico censitario, do tipo corte transversal com 794 professores (47 homens e 747 mulheres) da rede municipal de ensino de Vitoria da Conquista (BA). As mulheres tinham menor nivel de escolaridade do que os homens (p=0,001); estavam ha mais tempo na docencia (10,6 contra 5,8 anos; p=0,001), apresentaram maior carga horaria semanal de trabalho (p=0,027); tinham maior proporcao de alta sobrecarga domestica (33% contra 2,3%; p=0,0001) e referiram menor nivel de participacao no processo decisorio do que os homens; porem tinham menor numero de turmas (2,3 contra 4,3; p=0,001). Os problemas de saude estudados foram mais frequentes entre as mulheres, com excecao do consumo abusivo de alcool. A escola possui claras diferenciacoes no que se refere ao genero, mantendo relacoes que destinam as mulheres atividades de menor qualificacao.

Abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk: performance of anthropometric indexes in women

FUNDAMENTO: Los indicadores antropometricos de obesidad abdominal (OABD) estiman la cantidad de tejido adiposo visceral, que a su vez esta asociado a un mayor riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular. En las ultimas decadas, hubo un aumento de la OABD en la poblacion femenina brasilena, constituyendo un gran problema de salud publica. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el desempeno de diferentes puntos de corte del indice de conicidad (indice C), de la relacion cintura-cadera (RCC), de la circunferencia de cintura (CC) y de la relacion cintura-estatura (RCEst) para discriminar riesgo coronario elevado (RCE) en mujeres. METODOS: Un estudio transversal realizado en Feira de Santana, Bahia, con 270 funcionarias de una universidad publica con edades entre 30-69 anos. El analisis de la sensibilidad y especificidad, realizada por medios de las curvas ROC, permitio identificar y comparar los mejores puntos de corte para discriminar el RCE, calculado en base el puntaje de riesgo de Framingham. RESULTADOS: Los puntos de corte encontrados fueron: CC = 86 cm, RCC = 0,87, indice C = 1,25 y RCEst = 0,55, siendo respectivamente, las areas bajo la curva ROC de 0,70 (IC95% = 0,63-0,77), 0,74 (IC95% = 0,67-0,81), 0,76 (IC95% = 0,70-0,83) y 0,74 (IC95% = 0,67-0,81). Los indicadores antropometricos de OABD analizados presentaron desempenos satisfactorios y semejantes para discriminar el RCE. No obstante, indice C fue el indicador que presento el mejor poder discriminatorio. CONCLUSION: Se espera que estos resultados contribuyan para cuantificar mejor la OABD en la poblacion femenina brasilena, proporcionando informaciones para que los profesionales de la salud actuen en la prevencion de esta condicion clinica multifactorial, evitando el surgimiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares.BACKGROUND Anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity (AOB) estimate the amount of visceral fat tissue which, in turn, is associated with a higher risk of development of cardiovascular diseases. In the past decades, there has been an increase in the frequency of AOB in the brazilian female population, and this represents a major public health problem. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of different cut-off points of the conicity index (C-Index), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHeR) in discriminating high coronary risk (HCR) in women. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted in Feira de Santana, State of Bahia, Brazil, with 270 female employees of a public University, with ages between 30 and 69 years. The analysis of sensitivity and specificity using the ROC curves allowed the identification and comparison of the best cut-off points to discriminate HCR, as calculated with base on the Framingham Risk Score. RESULTS The cut-off points found were: WC (86 cm), WHR (0.87), C-Index (1.25) and WHeR (0.55), and the areas under the ROC curve were 0.70 (95%CI = 0.63-0.77), 0.74 (95%CI = 0.67-0.81), 0.76 (95%CI = 0.70-0.83) and 0.74 (95%CI = 0.67-0.81), respectively. The anthropometric indicators of AOB analyzed showed satisfactory and similar performances in discriminating HCR. However, the C-Index was the indicator that presented the highest discriminatory power. CONCLUSION We expect that these findings will contribute to a better quantification of AOB in the brazilian female population, providing information so that health professionals can take preventive measures regarding this multifactorial clinical condition, thus preventing the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Obesidade abdominal e risco cardiovascular: desempenho de indicadores antropométricos em mulheres

FUNDAMENTO: Los indicadores antropometricos de obesidad abdominal (OABD) estiman la cantidad de tejido adiposo visceral, que a su vez esta asociado a un mayor riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular. En las ultimas decadas, hubo un aumento de la OABD en la poblacion femenina brasilena, constituyendo un gran problema de salud publica. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el desempeno de diferentes puntos de corte del indice de conicidad (indice C), de la relacion cintura-cadera (RCC), de la circunferencia de cintura (CC) y de la relacion cintura-estatura (RCEst) para discriminar riesgo coronario elevado (RCE) en mujeres. METODOS: Un estudio transversal realizado en Feira de Santana, Bahia, con 270 funcionarias de una universidad publica con edades entre 30-69 anos. El analisis de la sensibilidad y especificidad, realizada por medios de las curvas ROC, permitio identificar y comparar los mejores puntos de corte para discriminar el RCE, calculado en base el puntaje de riesgo de Framingham. RESULTADOS: Los puntos de corte encontrados fueron: CC = 86 cm, RCC = 0,87, indice C = 1,25 y RCEst = 0,55, siendo respectivamente, las areas bajo la curva ROC de 0,70 (IC95% = 0,63-0,77), 0,74 (IC95% = 0,67-0,81), 0,76 (IC95% = 0,70-0,83) y 0,74 (IC95% = 0,67-0,81). Los indicadores antropometricos de OABD analizados presentaron desempenos satisfactorios y semejantes para discriminar el RCE. No obstante, indice C fue el indicador que presento el mejor poder discriminatorio. CONCLUSION: Se espera que estos resultados contribuyan para cuantificar mejor la OABD en la poblacion femenina brasilena, proporcionando informaciones para que los profesionales de la salud actuen en la prevencion de esta condicion clinica multifactorial, evitando el surgimiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares.BACKGROUND Anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity (AOB) estimate the amount of visceral fat tissue which, in turn, is associated with a higher risk of development of cardiovascular diseases. In the past decades, there has been an increase in the frequency of AOB in the brazilian female population, and this represents a major public health problem. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of different cut-off points of the conicity index (C-Index), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHeR) in discriminating high coronary risk (HCR) in women. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted in Feira de Santana, State of Bahia, Brazil, with 270 female employees of a public University, with ages between 30 and 69 years. The analysis of sensitivity and specificity using the ROC curves allowed the identification and comparison of the best cut-off points to discriminate HCR, as calculated with base on the Framingham Risk Score. RESULTS The cut-off points found were: WC (86 cm), WHR (0.87), C-Index (1.25) and WHeR (0.55), and the areas under the ROC curve were 0.70 (95%CI = 0.63-0.77), 0.74 (95%CI = 0.67-0.81), 0.76 (95%CI = 0.70-0.83) and 0.74 (95%CI = 0.67-0.81), respectively. The anthropometric indicators of AOB analyzed showed satisfactory and similar performances in discriminating HCR. However, the C-Index was the indicator that presented the highest discriminatory power. CONCLUSION We expect that these findings will contribute to a better quantification of AOB in the brazilian female population, providing information so that health professionals can take preventive measures regarding this multifactorial clinical condition, thus preventing the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Prevalência de transtornos alimentares em trabalhadores urbanos de município do Nordeste do Brasil

This article seeks to estimate the prevalence of eating disorders among workers living in urban areas of Feira de Santana, Bahia. It involves an epidemiologic, descriptive and exploratory cross-sectional study of 1,273 randomly selected workers. Socio-demographic and work characteristics, lifestyle, psychosocial aspects at work and eating behavior were investigated. Females were predominant (60.2%), the youngest 51.7% were up to 35 years old, married (53.1%), Afro-Brazilian descent (55.2%), with high school education (51.5%) and with low incomes (81.2%). The prevalence of Binge Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa were, respectively, 4.3% and 1%. The prevalence of these disorders was higher among workers who indulged in excessive alcohol consumption, were dissatisfied with their personal appearance and weight, reported violence in childhood and had financial problems or related worries. Also included were those involved in house care services and commerce, who had informal work arrangements or were in highly demanding work environments. Besides investigating the relation between eating disorders and work, data was provided about these disorders in a population-based study. It is hoped that this study may encourage investments in health policies for these disorders.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INLEISURE FAIL BETWEEN ELDERLY

INTRODUCTION: The structural and functional alterations seen in aging, associated with a sedentary lifestyle, accelarate the decline of functional ability. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with insufficient physical activity during leisure time among older adults. METHOD: Cross sectional sample consisting of 562 individuals living in the city of Feira de Santana, 69.6% female and 30.4% male with a mean age of 68.93 ± 7.05 years. We used a questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, such diseases and participation in physical activity during leisure time. Participation in leisure physical activity was assessed by self-perception of the type and intensity of activity (mild moderate or heavy). For statistical analysis we used logistic regression, calculating the prevalence ratios, confidence intervals (95%) and significance level p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Among the subjects studied, only 18.3% were classified as active during leisure time. The investigated population has a high frequency of individuals inactive during leisure time, especially among low-income people and those with older ages. CONCLUSION: These findings encourage discussion of the need to implement public health policies and the creation of spaces for the practice of leisure activities for the elderly in the NHS.

Atividade física no lazer e transtornos mentais comuns entre idosos residentes em um município do nordeste do Brasil

aBStraCt objective: To analyze the relationship between physical activity during leisure time and common mental disorders among elderly. Cross sectional study with sample consisting of 562 Methods:individuals living in the city of Feira de Santana, 69.6% female and 30.4% male with a mean age of 68.93 ± 7.05 years. We used a questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, such dise-ases, screening for common mental disorders (CMD) using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Participation in physical activity in the leasure time was measured through self-perception of the type and intensity of the activity (mild, moderate or heavy). For statistical analysis we used lo-gistic regression, calculating the prevalence ratios, confidence intervals (95%) and significance level p ≤ 0.05. esults:r Among studied individuals, 18.3% of were considered to be active in leisure. Recebido em2/2/2011Aprovado em14/5/2011 1 Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Nucleo de Estudos em Saude da Populacao (NESP/UESB).2 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva.3 Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Instituto de Ciencias da Saude.Endereco para correspondencia: Saulo Vasconcelos RochaUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB) – Nucleo de Estudos em Saude da Populacao (NESP)Avenida Jose Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho – 45200-000 – Jequie, Bahia E-mail: saulosaudecoletiva@gmail.com

Prática de atividade física no lazer e transtornos mentais comuns entre residentes de um município do Nordeste do Brasil

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between physical activity during leisure time and common mental disorders among residents in urban areas of Feira de Santana City, Bahia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample from the urban population. A sample of 3,597 individuals aged 15 years or older (71.4% female) was studied. A questionnaire gathered information about sociodemographic information, self-reported diseases, screening for mental disorders, lifestyle habits and physical activity during leisure time. To evaluate common mental disorders (CMD) the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used. To analyze the association between leisure physical activity (active/inactive) and CMD, prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using multiple logistic regression and the Delta method. RESULTS We found a frequency of 27.7% of individuals who were active during leisure time. The prevalence of CMD was lower among those active in leisure time, after adjustment by sex, age, income, education, alcohol consumption and smoking (PR = 0.78; 95% CI0.70 to 0.87). CONCLUSION The population of Feira de Santana city has a high frequency of individuals insufficiently active during leisure, and this condition was associated with higher prevalence of CMD. Actions directed to mental health programs must encourage physical activity among the population, considering the association of this behavior with low prevalence of common mental disorders.

Violência contra a mulher entre residentes de áreas urbanas de Feira de Santana, Bahia

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occurrence of physical and/or psychological violence according to sociodemographic variables, lifestyle habits, and medical conditions in a Brazilian urban population. METHODS: This epidemiological, cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of the urban population of Feira de Santana, state of Bahia, Brazil, aged > 15 years. We used a semistructured questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic variables, lifestyle habits, medical conditions, and acts of victimization. RESULTS: Among the respondents, women presented an increased incidence of physical and/or psychological violence when compared with men. Violence against women showed to be related with the presence of comorbidities that adversely affect womens health. CONCLUSIONS: Health and safety policies in the municipality assessed should include actions aimed at preventing violence against women, in view of the high incidence of the problem and its strong impact on population health.