Saulo Vasconcelos Rocha

Prevalence of common mental disorders among the residents of urban areas in Feira de Santana, Bahia.

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of common mental disorders according to sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and medical conditions among residents of urban areas of Feira de Santana, Bahia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out, including a random sample of the urban population over the age of 15 years of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. We used a form to attain information on sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and disease frequency. The SRQ-20 was used to measure common mental disorders (CMD). Statistical analysis adopted the p< 0.05 significance level; prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS We studied 3,597 individuals, 71.4% female. The global prevalence of CMD was 29.9%. Data analysis revealed that sociodemographic characteristics (sex, education, income), lifestyle and clinical conditions were associated with the prevalence of CMD. CONCLUSION The study allowed us to estimate the prevalence of CMD among the urban population of a municipality located in Northeastern Brazil and to identify the characteristics associated with CMD prevalence that may interfere with mental health. In this sense, municipal healthcare policies should include actions aimed to encourage participation in leisure activities as well as campaigns to control smoking and chronic diseases.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INLEISURE FAIL BETWEEN ELDERLY

INTRODUCTION: The structural and functional alterations seen in aging, associated with a sedentary lifestyle, accelarate the decline of functional ability. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with insufficient physical activity during leisure time among older adults. METHOD: Cross sectional sample consisting of 562 individuals living in the city of Feira de Santana, 69.6% female and 30.4% male with a mean age of 68.93 ± 7.05 years. We used a questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, such diseases and participation in physical activity during leisure time. Participation in leisure physical activity was assessed by self-perception of the type and intensity of activity (mild moderate or heavy). For statistical analysis we used logistic regression, calculating the prevalence ratios, confidence intervals (95%) and significance level p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Among the subjects studied, only 18.3% were classified as active during leisure time. The investigated population has a high frequency of individuals inactive during leisure time, especially among low-income people and those with older ages. CONCLUSION: These findings encourage discussion of the need to implement public health policies and the creation of spaces for the practice of leisure activities for the elderly in the NHS.

Atividade física no lazer e transtornos mentais comuns entre idosos residentes em um município do nordeste do Brasil

aBStraCt objective: To analyze the relationship between physical activity during leisure time and common mental disorders among elderly. Cross sectional study with sample consisting of 562 Methods:individuals living in the city of Feira de Santana, 69.6% female and 30.4% male with a mean age of 68.93 ± 7.05 years. We used a questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, such dise-ases, screening for common mental disorders (CMD) using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Participation in physical activity in the leasure time was measured through self-perception of the type and intensity of the activity (mild, moderate or heavy). For statistical analysis we used lo-gistic regression, calculating the prevalence ratios, confidence intervals (95%) and significance level p ≤ 0.05. esults:r Among studied individuals, 18.3% of were considered to be active in leisure. Recebido em2/2/2011Aprovado em14/5/2011 1 Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Nucleo de Estudos em Saude da Populacao (NESP/UESB).2 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva.3 Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Instituto de Ciencias da Saude.Endereco para correspondencia: Saulo Vasconcelos RochaUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB) – Nucleo de Estudos em Saude da Populacao (NESP)Avenida Jose Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho – 45200-000 – Jequie, Bahia E-mail: saulosaudecoletiva@gmail.com

Violência contra a mulher entre residentes de áreas urbanas de Feira de Santana, Bahia

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occurrence of physical and/or psychological violence according to sociodemographic variables, lifestyle habits, and medical conditions in a Brazilian urban population. METHODS: This epidemiological, cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of the urban population of Feira de Santana, state of Bahia, Brazil, aged > 15 years. We used a semistructured questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic variables, lifestyle habits, medical conditions, and acts of victimization. RESULTS: Among the respondents, women presented an increased incidence of physical and/or psychological violence when compared with men. Violence against women showed to be related with the presence of comorbidities that adversely affect womens health. CONCLUSIONS: Health and safety policies in the municipality assessed should include actions aimed at preventing violence against women, in view of the high incidence of the problem and its strong impact on population health.

Content validity of the Geriatric Health Assessment Instrument

ABSTRACT Objective Assess the content validity of the Elderly Health Assessment Tool with low education. Methods The data collection instrument/questionnaire was prepared and submitted to an expert panel comprising four healthcare professionals experienced in research on epidemiology of aging. The experts were allowed to suggest item inclusion/exclusion and were asked to rate the ability of individual items in questionnaire blocks to encompass target dimensions as “not valid”, “somewhat valid” or “valid”, using an interval scale. Percent agreement and the Content Validity Index were used as measurements of inter-rater agreement; the minimum acceptable inter-rater agreement was set at 80%. Results The mean instrument percent agreement rate was 86%, ranging from 63 to 99%, and from 50 to 100% between and within blocks respectively. The Mean Content Validity Index score was 93.47%, ranging from 50 to 100% between individual items. Conclusion The instrument showed acceptable psychometric properties for application in geriatric populations with low levels of education. It enabled identifying diseases and assisted in choice of strategies related to health of the elderly.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao declínio cognitivo em idosos com baixa condição econômica: estudo MONIDI

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with cognitive decline in the elderly with low economic status. Methods Cross-sectional study sample of 310 elderly residents in the city of Ibicui/BA. We used the Mini-Mental State Examination for the assessment of global cognitive status. For the evaluation of categorical variables and simultaneous analysis was performed using chi-square test χ2 and multiple logistic regression analysis with exploratory purposes, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed with significance level of p = 0.05, calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Results The overall prevalence of cognitive decline was 18.7%. Data analysis revealed that the variables age and education were statistically associated with greater cognitive impairment among the elderly (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of cognitive decline observed was high and was associated with older age and with fewer years of schooling. In this sense, the actions directed to health care for the elderly should strengthen the care prevention and control of cognitive losses, particularly in primary care.

Nível de atividade física habitual e transtornos mentais comuns entre idosos residentes em áreas rurais

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associacao entre o nivel de atividade fisica habitual e transtornos mentais comuns entre idosos. METODOS: Estudo transversal do tipo seccional com populacao de 95 idosos residentes na zona rural do municipio de Jequie-BA. Foram utilizados formulario com informacoes sociodemograficas, triagem para transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) atraves do Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e o Questionario Internacional de Atividades Fisicas (IPAQ). RESULTADOS: A maioria dos idosos tinha entre 60 e 79 anos (75,8%) e era do sexo feminino (57,9%). O percentual de nao sedentarios foi de 64,2%, observando associacao estatisticamente significante entre o nivel de atividade fisica com a faixa etaria, situacao conjugal e escolaridade. A prevalencia global de TMC foi de 47,4%; apenas a renda teve associacao estatisticamente significante. Ao avaliar a associacao entre atividade fisica e TMC, nao foi encontrada associacao com niveis estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) CONCLUSAO: Apesar das evidencias da literatura sobre a contribuicao da atividade fisica para a saude mental, no presente estudo nao se observou associacao entre atividade fisica e TMC.

Indicadores antropométricos de estado nutricional como preditores de capacidade em idosos

INTRODUCAO: Trata-se de estudo seccional que analisou dados de pesquisa epidemiologica de base populacional e domiciliar conduzida em um municipio do nordeste do Brasil.OBJETIVO: Identificar os indicadores antropometricos de estado nutricional que apresentam melhor capacidade preditiva de capacidade funcional em idosos.METODOS: A populacao foi constituida por 316 idosos que foram avaliados por meio de questionario contendo informacoes sociodemograficas, atividade fisica e condicoes de saude, seguido de avaliacao antropometrica. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada por meio das escalas de Katz e de Lawton e Brody para atividades basicas e instrumentais da vida diaria, respectivamente. Foram utilizados como indicadores de estado nutricional, o indice de massa corporal, a area muscular do braco e o perimetro da panturrilha. Estimou-se modelos simples e multiplos de regressao logistica multinomial, tendo a capacidade funcional como variavel dependente e os indicadores antropometricos como variaveis de interesse.RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 173 mulheres (54,7%) e 143 homens (45,3%). Os resultados da regressao multipla mostraram que o perimetro da panturrilha foi o unico preditor de capacidade funcional em mulheres (≤ P25: OR = 5,77, p = 0,028, para dependencia nas atividades instrumentais), enquanto que nos homens o indice de massa corporal foi o unico indicador associado (baixo peso: OR = 11,36, p = 0,006; sobrepeso: OR = 22,06, p = 0,002; para dependencia nas atividades basicas e instrumentais).CONCLUSAO: Os resultados permitem concluir que os indicadores antropometricos preditores de capacidade funcional em idosos variam de acordo com o sexo, com o perimetro da panturrilha sendo mais adequada as mulheres e o indice de massa corporal aos homens.

Atividades físicas de lazer e transtornos mentais comuns em jovens de Feira de Santana, Bahia

INTRODUCTION: Common mental disorders (CMD) are disorders commonly found in the population. They are a consequence of modern lifestyle. Leisure physical activities can reduce tension and therefore help prevent CMDs. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of CMDs among youths who engage and those who do not engage in leisure physical activities in Feira de Santana (BA), Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study was conducted with 3,597 individuals, including 1,400 young people aged 15-29 years, living in the urban area of Feira de Santana. Leisure physical activities were assessed using a structured questionnaire covering the frequency, type, reason and effort involved in each activity. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess CMDs. RESULTS: The prevalence of CMD was 19.2% among adolescents (15-17 years old), 26.6% among youths (18-24 years), and 27.8% among young adults (25-29 years). In the assessment of leisure activities, 89.9% of the youths reported to regularly engage in some kind of activity; however, engagement in leisure physical activities was observed to reduce with age. A negative association was found between leisure physical activities and CMD (prevalence ratio: 0.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.67). CONCLUSION: Healthcare programs should include actions that encourage leisure physical activities, in view of the contribution of active behavior toward improving mental health.

Programas de atividade física para idosos: avaliação da produção científica brasileira utilizando o modelo RE-AIM

The RE-AIM framework is a model that analyzes both the external and internal validity of health programs. It proposes that programs should be evaluated based on five key dimensions: reach, effectiveness/efficiency, adoption, implementation and maintenance. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of physical activity programs for elderly persons published in Brazilian scientific literature using the RE-AIM framework. A total of 26 articles included in four scientific databases from 1993 to 2013 were identified and coded using a validated 52-item RE-AIM abstraction tool. Using the RE-AIM dimensions, indicators of reach (47.2%), effectiveness (36.3%), and implementation (27.5%) were reported more often than indicators of adoption (6.4%) and maintenance (4.7%). Only two articles were included in all five RE-AIM dimensions. Despite the increasing number of interventions targeting the elderly, few address the dimensions proposed by the RE-AIM framework, reducing their potential generalizability outside their original settings, and their overall external validity.