Maurício Vaz Lobo Bittencourt

A evolução das desigualdades por categorias de escolaridade entre 1996 e 2004: uma análise com regressões quantílicas

This study investigates if there are relevant modifications between income quantiles in returns to schooling, that is, if the schooling returns in the different income quantiles has changed, and between schooling categories in the different income quantiles (if the relative income quantile has changed in the different schooling categories). The study of these schooling categories was performed through the use of the quantile regressions approach in the wage equation for the period 1996-2004, using data base drawn from Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (Pnad). The big picture from the results has shown that the quantile analysis by income underlines the convergence between the income quantiles and schooling categories and also a relative steady pattern for the higher quantile income individuals. The analysis made by schooling categories underlines the relative loss of income for the elementary school level and the relative steady behavior for the graduate studies level. The joint results stresses that the higher quantile income and schooling categories follows a different path than that of the others, by showing less changes or relative losses over the period in analysis.

REGIONAL SHORT-RUN EFFECTS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN BRAZIL

We use a single-country multi-regional computable general equilibrium model to evaluate regional short-run impacts of reduction in import tariffs resulting from recent free trade area agreements, on poverty and distribution of income in Brazil. Results show that trade can reduce inter-regional income inequality, but poor urban households lose with trade liberalization. Trade policy alone is not sufficient for achieving more equitable income distribution goals in Brazil. Without greater investment in human and physical capital, incomes in most regions of Brazil are likely to lag behind incomes in the South/Southeast, the most developed regions in the country.

O efeito da volatilidade da taxa de câmbio sobre o comércio internacional: uma investigação empírica sob a ótica da margem extensiva

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of exchange rate volatility on the extensive margin of international trade. In methodological terms, we defined as the extensive margin of international trade, the number of products exported by countries to their trading partners. Later, this variable was specified as dependent variable on a gravity model of trade, whose parameters were estimated by nonlinear panel data. The period of analysis in this work was from 1995 to 2009 and the number of countries considered in the study was 54. The results indicate that an increase in the volatility of the exchange rate causes a reduction on the extensive margin of international trade.

A competitividade das exportações do Brasil e da China para o Mercosul: evidências para o período 1995-2009

The main goal of this paper is to investigate the competitiveness of Brazilian and Chinese exports to MERCOSUL for the period from 1995 to 2009. In order to do this, the Finger and Kreinin (1979) export similarity index (ESI) is calculated for the Brazilian and Chinese exports to MERCOSUL , which is disaggregated according to the similarities of the goods. The main results showed that the similarity between Brazilian and Chinese exports to MERCOSUL has increased over time, possibly due to an increase in the competition between these countries. However, when disaggregated from the Finger and Kreinin (1979) index, it is shown that the similarities between the exports occur, mainly, with vertically differentiated goods, where the quality of the goods exported by Brazil was superior to that of the goods exported by China. The results suggest that the competition between Brazil and China in the MERCOSUL is smooth, since the goods exported by these countries aim at different market segments.

O Estatuto da Terra no confronto do pensamento econômico: Roberto Campos versus Celso Furtado

This paper examines the economic thought of Roberto Campos and Celso Furtado regarding the agrarian question and faced with the Brazilian Land Statute, an important tool for land policy that is still in force since 1964. Roberto Campos became important to the agricultural economy because he coordinated and participated in the formulation of the bill of the Land Statute. Likewise, Celso Furtado, for the set and breadth of his work, stood out not only for systemic analysis of the Brazilian economy, which often included rural issues, but also as minister in the previous government. It can be concluded that the ideas of Roberto Campos adhere in part to the Land Statute but with little operability in its application. Moreover, the thought of Celso Furtado, also in part, is contained in the same status, sometimes consistent with the ideas of Roberto Campos. However, in the comparison, slightly prevailing assumptions found in the writings of Roberto Campos.

Criação, destruição e realocação de empregos em países selecionados: uma meta-análise

This paper uses meta-analysis to investigate job flows among 62 studies for 35 countries for the 1963-2007 period. The article presents the stylized facts of the literature and provides the following empirical results: 1) the industrial sector destroys more jobs and creates fewer jobs than the rest of the economy; 2) the labor markets became less flexible over time, with larger job flows after every decade; 3) the Civil Law countries have rates of job creation and net job variation higher than those Common Law countries whose rate of job destruction is higher; 4) the emerging countries presented higher rates for all flows analyzed when compared to the OECD countries and to the transition economies; 5) the developing countries showed higher rates of job creation than the developed ones; and 6) the larger the economic growth and market opening, the higher is the net rate of job creation, since the job destruction is smaller.

O COMÉRCİO INTRAINDUSTRIAL ENTRE BRASIL E OS PAÍSES DA OCDE: DECOMPOSIÇÃO E ANÁLISE DE SEUS DETERMINANTES

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the intra-industry trade between Brazil and OECD countries for the period 2000 – 2009. Specifically, it is intended to decompose the intra-industry bilateral trade (CII) and find its determinants. The main results showed that the USA and Mexico have the largest volume and index of CII with Brazil, respectively. Additionally, it was found that the vertical intra-industry trade (CIIV) is larger than the horizontal intra-industry trade (CIIH), where the Brazilian exports are mainly based on lower quality goods than imports. The econometric approach to investigate the main determinants of the CIIV was based on the theoretical model from Falvey and Kierzkowski (1987), through panel data econometrics. According to the results from the Random Effects estimations, with a 10 % statistical significance, the coefficient for endowments differences (in terms of capital/labor ratio) has a positive effect on vertical intra-industry bilateral trade, which corroborates the main hypothesis of the Falvey and Kierzkowski (1987) model.