Mauro Kumpfer Werlang

ÍNDICE DE COBERTURA VEGETAL EM SANTA MARIA: O CASO DO BAIRRO CENTRO

In the last decades has increased the concern of the population in respectto the urban environment and the quality of life in our cities. The urban arborizationis essential to any urban planning and has important functions. Considering thegreen urban areas as one of the factors to be considered in the quality of life for thepopulation, this work has as purpose to contribute for the local studies in what isrelated to the quality of life in the city of Santa Maria, as well as quantifying andconfiguring the vegetal covering of the downtown area of Santa Maria. Throughair photographs, a map of the vegetal covering of downtown was elaborated andfrom that a calculus was made for the area occupied by trees and vegetation fromthe downtown and also the index of vegetal covering for inhabitant. The spatialconfiguration of vegetal covering was made according the model proposed by Jim(1989) apud Cavalheiro et al (1999). The take results shown that the vegetationcovering index of district (7,20%) such the vegetation covering per inhabitant(6,51) was very low according to the recommendable average above therecommended mean (30%), and still that the conection for the configuration of thevegetal covering is insufficient and is not adequately distributed, being able asconsequence to harm of some forms the enviroment and quality of the city and thequality of life of the citizens.

AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTÁGIO DE EVOLUÇÃO DO RELEVO EM PEQUENAS BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS NO SUDOESTE DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO PEDRO DO SUL, RS

The present work aimed to evaluate the evolution degree ofthe relief in small hydrographical basins situated in the southwest area inSao Pedro do Sul-RS. Thirteen basins of third order of ramification wereanalyzed, being eight in the geomorphologic province area Depressao Periferica Sul-riograndense (Rio Grande do Sul Peripheral Depression) andfive in the area which is close to the edge of the plateau (Planalto) (transitionto plateaus and tablelands of Parana basin). In order to prognosticate theonset of erosion processes, relief analysis techniques were used fromhypsometric and volumetric integrals, eroded matter ratio and relief rate.It was evidenced that basins close to the edge of the plateau showed higherrelief rate when compared to the basins in the peripheral depression area,reflecting the relation infiltration flowing and revealing higher pronenessto instability in these basins. However, it is to consider that some of theforms provided by the hypsometric curves in the peripheral depressionarea in Rio Grande do Sul are indicators of relief resulting from accumulationof sediment carried by the draining headwaters.

A INFLUÊNCIA DO USO DA TERRA NOS PROCESSOS EROSIVOS: CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE OS ÍNDICES DE CONCENTRAÇÃO DE NASCENTES (ICN) E DE VOÇOROCAS (ICV) NO OESTE DO MUNICÍPIO DE PIRAPÓ, RS*

The intensive soil occupation in the west of Pirapo-RS broughtsevere consequences to the environment. One of them is the soildeterioration. It is caused by erosive processes, especially the process ofgullies. This work aims to quantify the concentration of heads of riversand gullies, verifying the correlation between them and the influence ofland use over these indices. The results indicate that there is a positivecorrelation between the concentration of heads of rivers and occurrenceof gullies, varying according to the land use classes.

Avaliação na Conformação de Vertente em Face das Propriedades Físicas da Cobertura Pedológica na Área Experimental do Departamento de Solos/Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

Entender o processo de formacao dos solos e sua distribuicao na superficie terrestre permite estudar processos, o sentido e a evolucao da pedogenese. Esses estudos possibilitam a compreensao de mecanismos responsaveis pelas diferenciacoes morfologicas em vertentes. A cobertura pedologica e um sistema estrutural que apreende transformacoes progressivas das organizacoes, tanto vertical quanto lateralmente no sentido da vertente, estando relacionada com os outros elementos da paisagem, especialmente o relevo. O objetivo foi avaliar as propriedades fisicas da cobertura pedologica para entender sua dinâmica de evolucao examinando a influencia na morfogenese da vertente. Foram determinadas propriedades fisicas da cobertura pedologica e investigado o comportamento morfogenetico da vertente. Considerou-se a caracteristica da cobertura pedologica quanto a distribuicao do tamanho de particulas, limites de consistencia, densidade aparente, indice de vazios, grau de compacidade e porosidade total. Adotou-se o metodo dedutivo, acreditando-se ser esta uma das formas que melhor permite uma proximidade da realidade com a pesquisa. O resultado evidenciou a relacao solo-paisagem ratificando a concepcao de que a morfogenese da vertente esta condicionada pelas propriedades da cobertura pedologica e, que a vertente evolui da influencia exercida por essas propriedades. Concluiu-se que a cobertura pedologica condiciona a conformacao do perfil da vertente estudada.

Análise dos Resíduos Sólidos Industriais Perigosos no Município de Panambi, RS

A pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar a quantidade e tipos de residuos solidos industriais gerados em 2010, nas industrias do setor metal mecânico; investigar e caracterizar o acondicionamento, armazenamento, transporte, destinacao final dos residuos e, verificar a existencia de programas de gerenciamento de residuos e de educacao ambiental. Os procedimentos utilizados foram entrevistas, analise documental de planilhas do Sistema de Gerenciamento e Controle de Residuos Solidos Industriais-SIGECORS enviadas a FEPAM (Fundacao Estadual de Protecao Ambiental). Os principais residuos gerados sao o lodo perigoso, residuos texteis contaminados e outros residuos perigosos de processo. Com excecao de apenas um tipo de residuo, os demais sao enviados para tratamento final em empresas recicladoras. Em relacao ao transporte desses residuos solidos perigosos, uma industria utiliza-se de maneira incorreta no transporte para envio a destinacao final do residuo. Duas das industrias oferecem atividades de educacao ambiental, as demais, apenas normas de conduta dentro da empresa e o Plano de Gerenciamento de Residuos Solidos esta sendo elaborado em duas industrias pesquisadas.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE DELINEATION OF PAMPA AND ATLANTIC FOREST BIOMES IN SANTA MARIA, RS.

The Municipality of Santa Maria, RS is located in a transition zone between the Pampa biome and the Atlantic Forest biome. This paper aims to contribute to the delineation of these biomes cartographically. For this information from different sources and scales were used. The information was compiled in the ArcGIS environment where a map of vegetation cover was generated. A cartographic synthesis containing the delimitation of biomes was obtained by superimposing the maps of vegetation cover and map containing elevation of 100 meters. The result showed four classes: occurrence of field 100 m above the level; occurrence of field below the elevation 100 m; occurrence of forest above 100 m elevation, occurrence of forest below 100m elevation. It is concluded that the occurrence of the field below the elevation 100 m characterizes the Pampa biome, and the occurrence of forest above 100 m elevation, defines the Atlantic Forest biome. However, the occurrence of field 100 m above the elevation as well as the occurrence of forest below 100 m elevation, characterized enclaves of these biomes.

GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO À ANÁLISE DO USO DA TERRA NA BACIA DO RIO MELO, FAXINAL DO SOTURNO, RS

O trabalho apresenta como objetivo contribuir com os estudos locais no sentido de gerar informacoes relativas aos conflitos de uso da terra e produzir um mapa de uso adequado da terra para a bacia hidrografica do Rio Melo. Para alcancar esse objetivo, foram elaborados diversos mapas como uso da terra, clinografico, hipsometrico, preservacao permanente e conflitos de uso. A metodologia de analise para a determinacao das areas de conflito de uso da terra foi baseada na metodologia proposta por Rocha (1997). O resultado obtido para o mapa de uso adequado da bacia hidrografica do rio Melo demonstra que a bacia apresenta cerca de dois tercos de sua area total com potencial para uso e ocupacao, as areas de preservacao e conservacao permanente ocupam o restante da area abrangida pela bacia e, aproximadamente, dez por cento da area da bacia necessita restauracao ambiental. Palavras-chave: bacia hidrografica, uso da terra, conflitos de uso. DOI: 10.5902/2236499415052

THE USAGE OF LEARNING RESOURCES IN THE STUDY OF DEW AND HOARFROST IN THE 6TH GRADE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

The occurrence of dew and frost is a situation, accordint to the climatic rhythm, common in the southern Brazil. Most textbooks discusses this subject in a static way. This hinders that the student visualize the dynamics of the phenomenon. Given this difficulty we propose didactic teaching resources to assist the teacher in this practice and provide to the student an interation with the phenomena. Facing the possibility of the student to interact with new media related to education, the learning objects may serve as a link between these media and the teaching of climatology, specificall in the teaching of dew and frost. With the assistance of a digital video decoder (DVD) it was possible to make the lessons more dynamic and interactive, because with this instrument and the creativity of the teacher, it is possible to make the lessons, and specially geography, more attractive. Within this perspective that the present work was proposed, wich materialized in a school on the outskirts of Santa Maria, RS. Using class periods of the fifth year, these became full of cooperativeness among academics. The evaluation of the results was positive, wich shows the effectiveness of the learning object applied.

Aula de campo em Geomorfologia: entre Santa Maria e São Martinho da Serra, RS

O presente trabalho descreve algumas caracteristicas geomorfologicas de lugares em quatro pontos de paradas no percurso desenvolvido em aula de campo desde Santa Maria, RS ate Sao Martinho da Serra, RS. Foram observados o comportamento do relevo face ao controle estrutural, litologico e a dinâmica erosiva que atua nos processos de modelado do relevo. A metodologia seguiu a abordagem dedutiva, partindo de conceitos teoricos trabalhados em sala de aula. Na analise do relevo foram consideradas abordagens descritivas a partir de modelos estatico e dinâmico, visando compreender a relacao dos processos morfogeneticos a partir da estrutura e da dinâmica erosiva, alem de estabelecer a relacao entre o modelado do relevo, o perfil e forma das vertentes, o comportamento do manto pedologico na conformacao geral da paisagem. No percurso realizado, observaram-se relevos desenvolvidos sobre sedimentos atuais e terracos fluviais, bem como relevos desenvolvidos sobre litologias da Formacao Santa Maria (Membro Alemoa), Caturrita, Botucatu e Serra Geral. Tambem foram reconhecidos contatos litologicos entre as Formacoes Caturrita e Botucatu e, entre as Formacoes Botucatu e Serra Geral. Palavras-chave: aula de campo; relevo; processo morfogenetico; conformacao da paisagem. DOI: 10.5902/223649948827

Cobertura Pedológica em Topossequência de Vertentes na Área Experimental do Departamento de Solos/ Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

The study and the three-dimensional cartographic representation of the pedological cover allows to study biogeodinamic processes, the sense and the evolution of pedogenesis, reconstituting the mechanisms responsible for the pedological differenciation. The pedological cover is a complex structural system that includes progressive transformations of the organizations, vertically and laterally towards the shed, being closely related to the others elements of the landscape, specially the relief. In this way, the present study aims a pedological cover characterization along a topossequence of strands, trying to characterize the dynamic of this strands from the analysis of the pedological volumes. The specific objectives are (1) to establish a subdivision in a toposequence of strands since the orographic divider to the thalweg, showing the behavior of the pedological cover in sections of slope; (2) to describe the pedological volumes in the sections of slope and (3) to characterize some properties of this pedological volumes to evaluate the morfogenesis of slopes. In this sense, was considered a compartimentation in a topossequence consisting by a distrophic RED ARGISSOIL located in the experimental area of the Soil Department, in the campus of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. There was selected two topossequences and characterized the pedological cover, such as the survey of the slopes topography. The detailment of the slope pedological cover structure was realized by identification and characterization of profiles in trenches and polls the auger from the place where the samples were collected. The Ap and A pedogenetical horizonts constitue the 1 volume; the pedogenetical horizont E the 2 volume; the pedogenetical horizont Bt the 3 volume; and, the aluvional deposits of the thalweg the 4 volume. It was observed a convex-concave profile when considering the conformation of the topossequence. This profile evolves from a concave profile, in the superior section of the slope, to a convex profile, in the medium section of the slope, showing a loss by denudation in the convex segment, making it to evolve into a convex profile. The 2 volume no longer exists in the intermediate position of the strand, and in this sector was found a break in the hill, suggesting the point where the subsurface water flow comes. This suggests that the 2 volume works as a facilitator in the exfiltration process in this part of the slope. The sector where the 3 volume is located closer to the surface indicates the removal of the 1 volume, making a convex hill in this part of the slope. So, the largest loss by denudation happens in the concave segments of the slopes. It can be conclude, too, that the concavity showed in the slope segments profile is related to the water exfiltration because the proprieties presented by the pedological volumes. Finally, it is concluded that the pedological cover influences the profile conformation of these slopes.