Carlos Alberto Löbler

ÍNDICE DE VULNERABILIDADE DAS ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE ROSÁRIO DO SUL, RIO GRANDE DO SUL.

This research is part of integration award of instruments, and collection guidelines for the management of groundwater Project. The objective of this work was to study the groundwater vulnerability of the Rosario do Sul city, in Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil on the edge of the Parana Basin. It is part of the outcrops zone (ZA) Guarani Aquifer System (GAS). This aquifer is porous, unconfined, intergranular, unconfined belonging to Piramboia Formation. Was estimated the aquifer pollution vulnerability index map using the GOD methodology adapted to Brazilian conditions. Were developed a database of 35 tubular wells associated with the hydrogeological characteristics of the overlying vadose zone necessary to use. Was considered groundwater hydraulic confinement, overlying strata and the depth to groundwater table. The range of the vulnerability Index was High (40.00%), followed Moderate (28.57%), Low (14.29%), Extreme (14.29% ) and Negligible (2.85%) from the total studied area. Key-words: vulnerability, GAS, GOD, aquifer. ERTEL et al., v(7), no 7, p. 1400-1408, MAR-AGO, 2012. Rev. Elet. em Gestao, Educacao e Tecnologia Ambiental (e-ISSN: 2236-1170) http://cascavel.ufsm.br/revistas/ojs-2.2.2/index.php/reget/index 1401

AQUIFER POLLUTION VULNERABILITY OF THE SANTA MARIA WATERSHED, RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL

With the increasing pollution of surface water resources, groundwater consumption has grown rapidly in recent times. It is a resource that most often does not require treatment for human consumption. From this, there are some tools that aim to assist in the management of those groundwater resources. This paper aims to evaluate the natural vulnerability of aquifer to contamination in the watershed of the Santa Maria River, within the Parana Sedimentary basin in the Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. The GOD scheme was applied to determine the aquifer pollution vulnerability. Results indicate a moderate vulnerability for ca. 31.89% of the area, and a high vulnerability for 50.44% of the total area. These natural characteristics were related with the predominance of porous/permeable sandstones in its substrate constitution and the occurrence of shallow groundwater levels. This geologic context makes the aquifer more vulnerable according to GOD scheme. These results are important for the management of groundwater resources, uses in municipal master plans and land use.

Variabilidade de Parâmetros Físico e Químico na Coluna de Água em Poços Tubulares Locados na Zona de Afloramentos do Sistema Aquífero Guarani

O Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) e abastecido principalmente por aguas subterrâneas, sendo essas captadas em Zona de Afloramentos (ZA) do Sistema Aquifero Guarani (SAG). O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar duas variaveis, uma fisica que e a temperatura e uma quimica que e a Condutividade Eletrica (CE) na coluna da agua em dois pocos tubulares dedicados a pesquisa no Campus da UFSM. Estatisticamente, nas duas datas distintas de coletas, os dados apresentaram bastante uniformidade, sendo que a CE caracteriza pelo incremento do seu valor na medida em que se desce na coluna da agua e a temperatura tente a decair a medida que se aprofunda na coluna da agua. Houve algumas pequenas variacoes entre as diferentes datas de coleta para os mesmos pocos, contudo constatou-se que prevaleceu a uniformidade dos dados na maioria dos casos.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE DELINEATION OF PAMPA AND ATLANTIC FOREST BIOMES IN SANTA MARIA, RS.

The Municipality of Santa Maria, RS is located in a transition zone between the Pampa biome and the Atlantic Forest biome. This paper aims to contribute to the delineation of these biomes cartographically. For this information from different sources and scales were used. The information was compiled in the ArcGIS environment where a map of vegetation cover was generated. A cartographic synthesis containing the delimitation of biomes was obtained by superimposing the maps of vegetation cover and map containing elevation of 100 meters. The result showed four classes: occurrence of field 100 m above the level; occurrence of field below the elevation 100 m; occurrence of forest above 100 m elevation, occurrence of forest below 100m elevation. It is concluded that the occurrence of the field below the elevation 100 m characterizes the Pampa biome, and the occurrence of forest above 100 m elevation, defines the Atlantic Forest biome. However, the occurrence of field 100 m above the elevation as well as the occurrence of forest below 100 m elevation, characterized enclaves of these biomes.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAINFALL AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN THE OUTCROP ZONE GUARANI AQUIFER SYSTEM

The current condition involving the quality and quantity of groundwater abstractions through wells. At present time there are several stu dies in groundwat...

THE GOD SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE NATURAL VULNERABILITY OF GROUNDWATER IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TEUTÔNIA (RS)

Nowadays, knowledge of groundwater resources is extremely important, since industrial, agricultural and mining activities are expanding constantly, impacting in several ways on the quality of groundwater. The Teutonia municipality that is located in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul state southern Brazil, isn’t different. Thus this study aims to identify the natural vulnerability of the aquifer to contaminatinon, calculate the potentiometric surface and spatialize these results. Wells that are registered at Companhia de Pesquisas de Recursos Minerais in Groundwater Information System (SIAGAS/CPRM) for the Teutonia mu nicipality was be used. Using the GOD system, there were analyzed 40 tubulado wells. They penetrate Serra Geral Aquifer System/SASG and Guarani Aquifer System/GAS. Were generated the vulnerability map and the potentiometric surface map, and there was identified that most of the wells presented a low level of vulnerability and areas of low potentiometric level are also more vulnerable to contamination. As a preliminary study, the results are important to help in the ground water resources management, as well as to open new work alternatives linked to groundwater of the section ion. The results are also useful for master plans and land use at local scale.

ANOMALOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF FLUORINE IN GROUNDWATERS

It is believed that concentrations up to 1.5 mg/L of fluorine in the waters are beneficial to human health in the prevention of dental caries in children. But higher values would be harmful and cause stains on teeth, dental fluorosis, and deformed bones. Through the literature review, it was noted that anomalous values of this element occur in crystalline, porous and karstic aquifers. The aim of this paper was to present an evolution of knowledge regarding fluoride anomalous concentrations, performing a case study on the Guarani Aquifer System/GAS. Locally the groundwater has high fluoride concentration in many Brazilian states above standards for human consumption. Many hypotheses were seeking to clarify the origin of these concentrations. However, there is still no consensus among researchers. There is a good relationship with sodic waters character, sulfated and/or chlorinated. Recent studies suggest an association with more saline, thermal waters in confined areas, associating the origin of fluoride to pre–SGA formations, carriers of salts and sulfated minerals. The most consensual hypothesis suggests the existence of mixtures with saline deep waters, indicating that there are areas where vertical flows predominate in relation to the horizontal at the GAS associated this natural process with the ion exchange capacity of the clay minerals.

COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN SRTM IMAGES AND ARMY LETTERS TO THE STUDY OF ALTIMETRIC PLAN IN WATERSHED

The mapping of the Brazilian territory does not have full coverage. One way to solve this gap is through the use of satellite images. One of these products are the images SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), which have very important information for environmental studies. Yet still lacks theoretical foundation regarding the reliability of this basemap. Thus, this study aims to compare the information on SRTM altimetry in the images with the information contained in topographic maps made by the brazilian army in the 70s. Was studied the watershed Arroio do Veado located between the cities of Santa Maria and Silveira Martins, in the transition zone between Central Depression and Serra Geral Plateau, in the Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Using the ArcGIS software were extracted contour lines that served as bases and then generated the digital terrain model and slope map of the basin. It was observed that the data resulting from the two cartographic databases are very similar using a map scale 1: 50 000 applied to watersheds with one area circa the 4,000 hectares. Was concluded, with these conditions may be used SRTM images, useful, handling and wide coverage in Brazil.

CAPTAÇÕES DE ÁGUA SUBTERRÂNEA NO CAMPUS DA UFSM, SANTA MARIA – RS

Currently there is a significant increase in the use of groundwater due to lower processing cost, distribution, and especially water shortages. Since 1960 have been drilled over 50 tubular wells to supply about 17.000 people, which circulate in the Federal University of Santa Maria Campus, Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. However, circa the 20 tubular wells were active until 2006 to meet one average consumption of 850m/day. This was done entirely by wells being exploited Guarani Aquifer System/GAS, Parana Basin. The aim was to investigate the situation and availability of the fresh groundwaters, through preparation of a database, analysis the operation condition of the wells to provide technical information for the grant. It was found that the waters are in accordance with guidelines for human consumption. It was also noted that there is not a good control of the piezometric levels and there was a variation of the static levels of the wells, probable assocition with the increase in the water consumption, new buildings and/or on climate change which alter the ability of the recharge. Presents one climatic water balance for one short period by five years. The aquifer system is exploited with shallow wells ranging from 47m to 128m deep with fresh water. Key-words: aquifer, tubular wells, GAS, managment. SILVA et al., v(9), no 9, p. 1953 – 1969, 2012. (e-ISSN: 2236-1308) http://cascavel.ufsm.br/revistas/ojs-2.2.2/index.php/remoa 1954