Md. Shabiul Islam

Role of EEG as Biomarker in the Early Detection and Classification of Dementia

The early detection and classification of dementia are important clinical support tasks for medical practitioners in customizing patient treatment programs to better manage the development and progression of these diseases. Efforts are being made to diagnose these neurodegenerative disorders in the early stages. Indeed, early diagnosis helps patients to obtain the maximum treatment benefit before significant mental decline occurs. The use of electroencephalogram as a tool for the detection of changes in brain activities and clinical diagnosis is becoming increasingly popular for its capabilities in quantifying changes in brain degeneration in dementia. This paper reviews the role of electroencephalogram as a biomarker based on signal processing to detect dementia in early stages and classify its severity. The review starts with a discussion of dementia types and cognitive spectrum followed by the presentation of the effective preprocessing denoising to eliminate possible artifacts. It continues with a description of feature extraction by using linear and nonlinear techniques, and it ends with a brief explanation of vast variety of separation techniques to classify EEG signals. This paper also provides an idea from the most popular studies that may help in diagnosing dementia in early stages and classifying through electroencephalogram signal processing and analysis.

Development of a Fuzzy Logic Controller Algorithm for Air-conditioning System

The goal of this paper is to develop an algorithm of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for automatic air-condition controlling system. The fuzzy logic system is used to design this algorithm. Two inputs and one output are designed with an industrial application in mind. This system consists of two sensors for feedback control: one to the monitor of temperature and another one to the monitor of humidity. There are three control elements: cooling valve, heating valve, and humidifying valve, to adjust the temperature and humidity of the air supply. Fuzzy rules are formulated by temperature and humidity. The model of this controller algorithm has been simulated using MATLAB simulation. Finally, the developed algorithm has been designed for implementing the hardware VLSI chip using VHDL language from EDA tools.

Modelling of hybrid energy harvester with DC-DC boost converter using arbitary input sources for ultra-low-power micro-devices

This work involves the modeling of three arbitrary input sources representing Hybrid Energy Harvesters (HEH) using a DC-DC Boost converter. These sources are combined in parallel and targeted at scavenging passive human power, therefore the three suitable ambient sources are motion, thermal and indoor light. Multiple sources mitigate limitations caused by single source harvesters but suffer impedance mismatches which greatly limit the total combined power that could have been harvested. A Boost Converter with suitable parameters has been designed and integrated to the HEH and PSPICE software has been used for both the modeling of arbitrary sources as well as the integration with the Boost Converter. An input source as low as 18 mV to 907 mV was able to be boosted into a 310 mV-27.9 V output when suitable parametric values were selected for the Ultra Low Power (ULP) HEH. A duty ratio of 0.5, with 10 kΩ load, 22 μH inductor as well as a switching frequency of 25 kHz was selected to be slightly above the audio range as well as being high enough to reduce passive component sizes. While VO/ VS of the boost converter is linear, PO/PIN is a function of third order polynomial. Therefore, at the HEHs lowest combined configuration of 1 K temperature difference, 0.25 g of vibration and 100 lux of indoor lighting, a combined 14 μW can be harvested. At its maximum of 10 K heat difference, 1 g vibration and 1000 lux of indoor lighting a combined 187 μW can be harvested. At its minimum, this enables possibility of battery-less applications in powering a quartz watch at 5 μW while at its maximum capacity powering a pace maker of ~50 μW as well as micro devices of ~100 μW solely from passive human activity. Once a 33 mF input capacitor is placed between the sources and converter, an output power of between 9.61 μW-78 mW can be obtained.

Design and Synthesis of Mobile Robot Controller using Fuzzy

Abstract This paper describes a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) algorithm for designing an autonomous mobile robot controller (MRC). The controller enables the robot to navigate in an unstructured environment and that avoid any encountered obstacles without human intervention. The autonomous mobile robot is found to be able to react to the environment appropriately during its navigation to avoid crashing with obstacles by turning to the proper angle while moving. The Fuzzy Logic algorithm has proven a commendable solution in dealing with certain control problems when the situation is ambiguous. One of the main difficulties faced by conventional control systems is the inability to operate in a condition with incomplete and imprecise information. As the complexity of a situation increases, a traditional mathematical model will be difficult if not impossible to implement. Fuzzy Logic is a tool for modeling uncertain systems by facilitating common sense reasoning in decision-making in the absence of complete and precise information. In this paper, the controller of an autonomous mobile robot is designed based on the theories of Fuzzy Logic. The wheeled robot is able to navigate by itself in a completely unstructured environment. The codes of MRC has written for implementing the separate modules of the Fuzzifier, Fuzzy Rule Base, Inference mechanism and Defuzzifier as hardware blocks. A behavioral model of MRC algorithm is first developed in Matlab session with numerous data to evaluate its algorithm functionality. The development of Matlab codes has converted into VHDL codes for hardware implementation. Comparison resultsbetween MATLAB and VHDL of MRC algorithm also presented. Then the VHDL codes are synthesized using synthesis tool, known as Quartus II. Finally the MRC hardware blocks for VLSI design have been carried out.

Quantitative Analysis of Spectroscopy's Study for Engine Oil Degradation Monitoring Due to Temperature Effect

This paper presents the quantitative analysis of spectroscopy measurement for engine oil degradation prediction due to the temperature effect. The main objective of this project is to study the behavior of engine oil if the continues high temperature are applied to the engine oil as compared to the effect of running condition. Two types of engine oil were used as samples in this project from grade SAE 10W40 and 20W50. The experiment was done by heating the engine oil with inductance coil at 100oC for 5 minutes and then cool it about half an hour before continue heating for other 5 minute. This process repeat continuously until 100 minutes and samples were taken at every 10 minutes after cooling process. A spectrometer is used to measure the percentage reflectance of the samples. Data was arranged and analyzed in order to predict the degradation of the engine oil. The data will be used to develop an optical sensor for signal processing in monitoring the engine oil degradation.

The hardware design of temperature controller based on fuzzy logic for industrial application employing FPGA

In this paper, we present the realization of a fuzzy logic-based temperature controller intended for industrial application on Altera FLEX10K FPGA device that allows for efficient hardware implementation. The system is built of four major modules called fuzzification, inference, implication and defuzzification. The composition method selected for the fuzzy model is the max-min composition while the Mamdani min operator was chosen as the implication method. Each module is modeled individually using behavioral VHDL and combined using structural VHDL. The timing analysis for the validation, functionality and performance of the model is performed using Aldec active HDL, and the logic synthesis was performed using Synplify. Simulation results show that the model has been tested successfully. The inferred maximum operating frequency is 5 MHz with a critical path of 199.3 ns.

Delay analysis in symmetrical SOI-based rib waveguide for high speed optical interconnect

Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) has become one of the popular materials in recent years, especially in silicon photonics applications. Using SOI, thispaper demonstrated a Single Mode Condition (SMC) of symmetrical rib waveguide geometry for high speed Optical Interconnect (OI). The symmetrical rib waveguide with different dimensions was simulated using OptiBPM mode solver in order to obtain a value of effective index (Neff) and SMC profile. A correlation between the ratio of slab height to the overall rib height (r) and Neff was plotted to show the relationship of width to the waveguide dimensions. The delay output was recorded based on 1mm waveguide length. The smallest delay was achieved is 10.7ps/mm with r=0.6μm.

An Integrated Hybrid Energy Harvester for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Network Nodes

Profiling environmental parameter using a large number of spatially distributed wireless sensor network (WSN) NODEs is an extensive illustration of advanced modern technologies, but high power requirement for WSN NODEs limits the widespread deployment of these technologies. Currently, WSN NODEs are extensively powered up using batteries, but the battery has limitation of lifetime, power density, and environmental concerns. To overcome this issue, energy harvester (EH) is developed and presented in this paper. Solar-based EH has been identified as the most viable source of energy to be harvested for autonomous WSN NODEs. Besides, a novel chemical-based EH is reported as the potential secondary source for harvesting energy because of its uninterrupted availability. By integrating both solar-based EH and chemical-based EH, a hybrid energy harvester (HEH) is developed to power up WSN NODEs. Experimental results from the real-time deployment shows that, besides supporting the daily operation of WSN NODE and Router, the developed HEH is capable of producing a surplus of 971 mA·hr equivalent energy to be stored inside the storage for NODE and 528.24 mA·hr equivalent energy for Router, which is significantly enough for perpetual operation of autonomous WSN NODEs used in environmental parameter profiling.

Design a 24-bits pipeline phase accumulator for direct digital frequency synthesizer

This paper present a novel design of high speed phase accumulator for direct digital frequency synthesizer by connecting blocks of the carry-lookahead adder in each pipeline stage, the carries ripple between the stages. The proposed 24-bits PA consist of three pipeline stages with 8-bits per stage, and exploits the advantage of carry-lookahead adder to get the carry out of many input bits at the end of final stage, directly with minimum gate delay, As such, this process can reduce the time gate delay. Comparing results between similar phase accumulator designs with ripple carry adder, using the ALTERA software (Quartus II) reveals that the phase accumulator designs with carry-lookahead adder run faster than phase accumulator with ripple carry adder in approximately 22%.

Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Fuzzy VLSI Chip for Traffic Control Application

This paper describes a functional fuzzy traffic controller (FTC), which utilizes fuzzy logic algorithm to achieve a smart and a flexible knowledge-based system in hardware design while achieving better efficiency in the traffic control and minimizing traffic jam occurrences at interchange on road area. To develop the system, the behavior level of FTC algorithm has developed using VHDL under MAX+PLUS II CAD environment. The designing part of FTC chip into VHDL program eliminates the shortcomings of other custom facilities and conventional controller design available today. The main goal is to overcome the bandwidth of existing systems. The finite state machine (FSM) of the FTC has coded in VHDL program for controlling the specific traffic flow application. Later on, the FPGA express (synthesis tool) has used to get a fully gate level synthesis architecture for the whole fuzzy based VLSI chip and then the optimization step has been applied for minimizing the VLSI chips timing delay, clock speed, and area to get the correctness of FTC design. The main features of the FTC chip consist of various operational modes, safety features, capability, and robustness enhancement through fuzzy logic algorithm presented in this paper