Mehmet Ertuǧrul

Measurement of cross-sections and Coster-Kronig transition effect on L subshell X-rays of some heavy elements in the atomic range 79≤Z≤92 at 59.5 keV

Abstract L l , L α , L β and L γ X-ray production cross sections have been measured in the atomic range 79≤ Z ≤92 at 59.5 keV by measuring differential cross-sections. The experimental values of the cross-sections were determined by measuring the absolute yield of L subshell X-rays emitted from a target of a given element and thickness when it was bombarded with a known flux of photons of given energy. The theoretical values of the cross-sections were calculated from the theoretical values of subshell photoionization cross-sections, fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities and radiative decay rates. The enhancement effect of Coster-Kronig transition have been calculated of these elements at same energy. Coster-Kronig processes are radionless transitions in which an inner-shell vacancy is transferred from one subshell of an atom to another that is less tightly bound, both belonging to the same principal shell. Experimental measurements were carried out on a few elemental samples to examine the effect to Coster-Kronig transitions on fluorescence cross-sections for the L subshell X-ray lines using 59.5 keV for excitation. Absolute values of the L subshell X-ray cross-sections were also calculated with incorporation of the enhancement due to the Coster-Kronig effect for the elements in the range 79≤ Z ≤92 at the same excitation energy. The present results are compared with the other experimental and theoretical values.

Determination of K-shell absorption jump factor for some elements using EDXRF Technique

Abstract The K-shell absorption jump factor is measured using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for several elements including Nb, Tc, Ru, Rh, Cd, In, Sn, Te, Pr, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er. The experimental absorption jump factors are compared with the theoretical estimates of Broll (X-Ray Spectrom. 15 (1986) 271) based on the fundamental parameter method. Good agreement is observed between experimental results and theoretical estimates in the 41⩽Z⩽68 atomic region. Experimental absorption jump factors have been evaluated using the experimental fluorescence cross-sections measured by Budak et al. (Nucl. Instrum. Methods 149 (1999a) 379) and Karabulut et al. (Nucl. Instrum. Methods 152 (1999) 202). The K-shell absorption jump factors are fitted to simple linear and compared with theoretical, fitted and XCOM values.

Measurement of M shell X-ray production cross sections and fluorescence yields for the elements in the atomic range 70 ≤ Z ≤ 92 at 5.96 keV

Total M X-ray cross sections for 12 elements in atomic range 70 ≤ Z ≤ 92 were measured at 5.96 keV Mn K X-ray photon energy. The average M shell fluorescence yields (ωM of these elements have also been observed using the presently measured cross section values and the theoretical M shell photoionisation cross section values.

The vacancy transfer probability dependence on relative L X-ray intensities in the atomic range 57 ≤ Z ≤ 92 at 59.5 keV

Abstract The L α L β , L α L γ , Ll L β , Ll L γ and L β L γ intensity ratios were measured by measuring the characteristic X-ray intensities in 24 elements over the range 57 ≤ Z ≤ 92 using a 100 mCi 241Am filtered source for excitation. A comparison is made of the experimental results with the calculated values obtained by using theoretical X-ray emission rates, subshell photoionisation cross sections, subshell fluorescence yields and Coster-Kronig transition probabilities. A fairly good agreement is observed between experimental and theoretical values. The experimental and theoretical values of these ratios versus Z were fitted. The enhancement effect of K to Li subshell vacancy transfer on relative L X-ray intensities are shown in these curves.

DETERMINATION OF L3 SUBSHELL FLUORESCENCE YIELD OF ND WITH A SI(LI) DETECTOR

Abstract The L3 subshell fluorescence yield of Nd has been measured using the photoionisation by Mn Kβ X-rays (6.492 keV) emitted from a 55Fe radioisotope annular source. The present results have been found in good agreement with the theoretical values.

Fast measurement of total atomic attenuation, total atomic photoelectric and total atomic scattering cross sections in the range 58⩽Z⩽68 using radioisotope X-ray fluorescence

Abstract Cross sections for total atomic attenuation, total atomic photoelectric and total atomic scattering in nine elements (58⩽Z⩽68) at 59.537 keV are reported. The experimental values of the cross sections were determined by measuring the transmission factor. Measurements have been performed using an Am-241 point source and an Si(Li) solid state detector. Experimental results have been compared with theoretically calculated values and other available experimental results. Good agreement was observed among the experimental, theoretical and other experimental values.

Chemical effect on enhancement of Coster–Kronig transition of L3 X-rays

Abstract Chemical effects on enhancement of Coster–Kronig transition of L3 X-rays of Hg, Pb and Bi compounds were measured for these elements and their compounds. The samples were excited by gamma rays with energy 59.5 keV from an 241Am radioisotope source. L X-rays emitted by samples were counted by a Si(Li) detector with resolution 155 eV at 5.9 keV . The data were carefully analysed and chemical effects on enhancement of Coster–Kronig transition of L3 X-rays were determined.

Elemental composition of cement Kiln dust, raw material and cement from a coal-fired cement factory using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

Abstract Cement Kiln dust raw material, and cement samples collected from the coal-fired cement factory of Askale at Erzurum in Turkey were characterized with the standard addition method using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence techniques. An annular 100 mCi 241 Am radioactive source emitting 59.5 keV photon and annular 50 mCi 55 Fe radioactive source emitting 5.96 keV photon were used for excitation. Samples are prepared from powder sifted by a 300-mesh sieve. The characteristic K X-rays of the different elements were detected with a Si (Li) detector. The results are presented and discussed in this paper.

Measurement of Ll/Lα intensity ratios for elements in the region 57 ≤ Z ≤ 92 by a Si(Li) detector

Abstract L l /L α intensity ratios were measured for elements in the atomic number region 57 ≤ Z ≤ 92. A 100 mCi 241 Am point source was used for excitation and a Si(Li) detector connected to a Nuclear Data (ND) 66 B multichannel analyser was used for counting. The experimental values were compared with theoretical values calculated using Scofields tables based on the Hartree-Slater theory. These values were found to agree with each other.

L-subshell and total L-shell photoeffect cross-sections measurements for Pb, Au, W, and Ta at

Abstract L-subshell and total L-shell photoeffect cross-sections were experimentally determined at 59.5 keV using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for Pb, Au, W, and Ta. The obtained experimental results were compared with theoretical and available experimental values.