Meiby Carneiro de Paula

Contagem de células somáticas em amostras de leite

The goal of this study was to evaluate somatic cell count (SCC) in bulk tank milk samples in the milk delivered to the industry by dairy farmers; also, to allot of the bulk tank milk samples in somatic cell score (SCS) class. Bulk tank milk samples are routinely analyzed at the central laboratory of the Programa de Analise de Rebanhos Leiteiros do Parana (PARLPR) of the Holstein Association, state of Parana, Brazil. The present study was on a data set of the PARLPR containing 257,540 bulk tank milk samples from 32,590 herds delivering milk to 18 dairy industries in the states of Santa Catarina, Parana and Sao Paulo, analyzed between January 1999 and November 2001. General Linear Models procedures were used to study the effects of micro region, year and month of the test, herd and age of the sample on SCC in bulk tank milk samples. Mean and standard deviation for SCC samples in bulk tank milk samples were 486,812 and 401,547 cells/mL, respectively. All factors had a highly significant effect on the SCC. Micro regions were highly variable on the SCC, from 602,000 to 242,000 cells/mL. The highest means were observed in 2001 (483,000 cells/mL). Highest SCC means were observed in January (497,000 cells/mL) and lowest in September (442,000 cells/mL). The effect of age of the sample showed reduction in SCC levels until day four; after day seven samples were highly variable. Sixty-four percent of all samples showed a SCS of five or more.

Genotype × environment interaction for milk yield of Holstein cows among dairy production units in the state of Paraná

It was analyzed 117,082 complete lactation records adjusted for 305 days in milk yield (MY305) of 49,676 Holsteins cows from 308 herds distributed among seven dairy production units in the state of Parana, Brazil. The objective was to verify the genotype × environment interaction to MY305 of Holsteins cows between dairy production units in the state of Parana using the Bayesian inference. All animals were officially controlled by the Servico de Controle Leiteiro Mensal of Associacao Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raca Holandesa, between January/1992 and December/2003. The (co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using one and multiple-trait analysis, where MY305 of each dairy production unit was considered as a different variable. Means and standard deviations for MY305 (kg) for dairy production units of Castro, Carambei, Witmarsum, Arapoti, Sul, Norte and Oeste, were 8,414 ± 1,825; 8,481 ± 2,010; 7,636 ± 1,594; 7,850 ± 1,795; 8,617 ± 2,050; 7,401 ± 1,809 and 7,336 ± 2,456, respectively. The highest heritability estimated was obtained for the Oeste unit (0.39) while Carambei unit presented the lowest value (0.23). Genetic correlations were low (0.09 to 0.57) between dairy production units. Pearson and Spearman correlations were lower for the Oeste unit, when compared with other dairy production units, which ranged from 0.37 to 0.41, and from 0.37 to 0.49, respectively. These results show the presence of genotype × environment interaction between dairy production units in the state of Parana.

Componentes não-integrantes da carcaça de novilhos não-castrados ou castrados terminados em confinamento e abatidos aos 16 ou 26 meses de idade

The non-carcass components of castrated and non-castrated cattle (sex condition) finished in feedlot and slaughtered at 16 (super young) or 26 (young) months of age (animal category) were evaluated. The diet was formulated to contain 11.8% of CP and 2.83 Mcal/kg DM of DE with 50:50 forage to concentrate ratio (%MS). Super young animals showed higher of empty body dressing percentage (92.39 versus 89.76%), as a result of their lower gastrointestinal content (35.23 versus 53.46 kg) as compared to the young animals. Non-castrate animals showed higher head weight (13.84 versus 12.35 kg), feet (11.12 versus 8.96 kg) and rawhide (46.44 versus 37.71 kg) as compared to castrate animals, which are related to their higher body weight (541.26 versus 445.47 kg). There was influence of animal category x sex condition interaction on absolute weight of vital organs (heart, liver and lungs) and the gastrointestinal tract components (GIT). The total weight of vital organs and GIT was higher in non-castrate animals, but not significant when adjusted for empty body weight and slaughter weight. Super young animals showed higher absolute internal fat weight (25.91 versus 20.13 kg) and hot fat trim (13.96 versus 10.98 kg). The castration of animals resulted in higher participation of internal fat calculated on empty body weight and slaughter weight.

Degradabilidade in situ e observações microscópicas de volumosos em bovinos suplementados com enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas

Avaliou-se o efeito de enzimas fibroliticas (celulase e xilanase) sobre a degradabilidade in situ da MS, PB, FDN, FDA e hemicelulose do feno de Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) cortado aos 30 e 90 dias e do bagaco de cana, utilizando-se seis bovinos com cânula no rumen. As enzimas foram extraidas dos fungos Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma longibrachiatum e fornecidas, na quantidade de 0,75 g/kgMS.dia, por meio da cânula ruminal. Os tempos de incubacao ruminal foram de 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. Os residuos de incubacao foram avaliados por meio de microscopia eletronica de varredura (MEV). O efeito da adicao de enzimas sobre a degradacao da MS e PB variou em funcao do volumoso estudado. A degradabilidade efetiva da MS do feno Tifton cortado aos 30 e 90 dias e do bagaco de cana sem a adicao de enzimas foi de 61,85; 42,35 e 28,22%, respectivamente, e de 63,51; 40,64 e 31,43%, respectivamente, com a adicao das enzimas. Nao houve efeito das enzimas sobre a degradacao da fibra. As observacoes ao MEV indicaram aumento da colonizacao bacteriana sobre a parede celular com a suplementacao enzimatica. A adicao de enzimas fibroliticas na dieta de ruminantes apresentou efeito pouco expressivo sobre os parâmetros de degradacao ruminal dos volumosos estudados.

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para produção e composição do leite de vacas da raça Holandesa no estado do Paraná

The objectives of this study were to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for milk (MY), fat (FY) and protein (PY) yields and for percentages of fat (%F) and protein (%P) in milk of Holstein cows in Parana State. Data consisted of 117,082 lactation records for MY, FY and PY and 116,747 records for %F and %P from herds supervised by the Milk Recording Service of the Holstein Breeders Association of Parana from January 1992 to December 2003. Covariance components and genetic parameters were estimated by Bayesian inference using an animal model including the fixed effects of contemporary group, number of milking, linear and quadratic effects for calving age and the additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual random effects. Averages and respective standard deviations for MY, FY and PY (kg) were respectively 8,181.23 ± 1,903.51, 270.88 ± 67.58 and 249.01 ± 55.65 and for %F and %P they were 3.33 ± 0.45 and 3.06 0.19, respectively. Heritability estimates for MY, FY, PY, %G and %P obtained from single-trait analyses were 0.26, 0.28, 0.25, 0.60 and 0.58, respectively. They indicate that these traits may be improved by selection. Genetic correlation estimates between MY and FY, MY and PY, FY and PY, MY and %F, MY and %P and for %F and %P were 0.56, 0.89, 0.67, -0.42, -0.39 and 0.56, respectively. Selection for increasing MY will result in positive correlated genetic gains for kg of fat and protein but decrease their percentages in milk.

Digestibilidade parcial e total de rações com a inclusão de ionóforo ou probiótico para bubalinos e bovinos

The effects of the ionophore (sodic monensin) and of the probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae + selenium + chrome) were evaluated in rations with 50:50% of forage:concentrate ratio on the total (TDC) and partial [ruminal digestibility coefficients (RDC) and intestinal (IDN)] nutrients digestibility coefficients. Three Murrah buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) and three steers Holstein (Bos taurus), with an of 477 ± 47 kg and 518 ± 56 kg of average weight respectively, and with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used; the animals were designed into two 3 ´ 3 latin squares and in a 3 ´ 2 factorial arrangement. The acid insoluble ash was the internal marker for fecal and duodenal flow. No interaction of diet and animal species for TDC of nutrients was observed, although the ionophore addition in the ration showed a positive effect on TDC for DM, CP, EE and starch and the probiotic addition increased TDC of starch, NDF and ADF. The ionophore and probiotic addition provided higher ruminal fermentation of NDF and ADF and higher IDC of starch. It was observed higher TDC of CP and starch for bovine and higher TDC of NDF for buffaloes. There was interaction of rations ´ species only on RDC and IDC for DM, CP and EE. The ionophore addition was effective to increase the ruminal fermentation of DM, to reduce ruminal degradation of CP and to increase IDC of CP for both species. The probiotic addition also reduces ruminal degradation of CP in buffaloes, but in lower scale than ionophore. For buffaloes, the presence or absence of additives in rations caused higher RDC of DM, the absence of addictives in ration caused higher RDC and lower IDC of CP than in bovine.

Natural latex graft in lamellar and penetrating sclerectomies in rabbits

Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos do latex natural com polilisina a 0,1% na cicatrizacao de esclerectomias lamelar e penetrante em coelhos. Foram estudados dois grupos de 12 coelhos (GI - lamelar e GII - penetrante). As esclerectomias foram realizadas no olho esquerdo de cada animal. A biomembrana de latex foi fixada a esclera receptora e foi recoberta com conjuntiva bulbar. As avaliacoes clinicas foram realizadas durante 60 dias. Para tal, empregaram-se a tonometria de aplanacao, a oftalmoscopia indireta binocular e a biomicroscopia em lâmpada de fenda. Realizou-se analise histopatologica das escleras em microscopia de luz e sob luz polarizada. Nao houve blefarospasmo, secrecao ocular mucoide, quemose ou sinais de infeccao do enxerto em ambos os grupos. A hiperemia conjuntival variou de moderada a tenue. Nao houve diferenca estatisticamente significativa entre a pressao intraocular do periodo pos-operatorio e do periodo pre-operatorio, para o GI e o GII. A histopatologia por microscopia de polarizacao demonstrou que o tecido neoformado foi oriundo de tecidos vascularizados adjacentes e constituidos por colageno do tipo III. Os dois grupos apresentaram otima adesao do enxerto de latex a esclera receptora. A biomembrana de latex natural com polilisina a 0,1% representa uma alternativa para a reconstrucao escleral, alem de apresentar facil obtencao, manuseio e durabilidade.

Carcaça e carne de novilhos cruzas Pardo Suíço x Canchim e Purunã x Canchim terminados em confinamento

The research had the objectives of evaluating feedlot performance as well as carcass and meat traits of 23 young bulls from three genetic groups: ½ Braunvieh + ½ Canchim (1B1C), ½ Puruna + ½ Canchim (1P1C) and ¾ Puruna + ¼ Canchim (3P1C). The experimental animals were 22 months old, on average, at the beginning and remained in total confinement during 145 days. The increase in the proportion of Puruna gens, from 50% to 75%, in the cross with Canchim, brought about increment of slaughter weight (SW) and weight gain (GW) of 10.6 and, 12.1%, respectively. Animals 1B1C were superior to the 1P1c animals and similar to the 3P1C ones with respect to SW and GW. Likewise, the feed intake and GW were similar between animals of the1B1C and 3P1C, both being superior to the ½ P + ½ C animals. (8.87, 7.97 and 7.02kg animal-1 day-1; and, 1.62, 1.41 and 1.58kg animal-1 day-1, respectively). The 1B1C and 3P1C animals produced carcasses weighing 12.1% more than those of the 1P1C animals. Better carcass conformation scores were observed for the 1B1C animals in comparison to those from the1P1C and 3P1C ones. The group averages for this trait were 15.0 points versus 13.2 and 13.6 points, respectively. The 1B1C and 3P1C groups had similar averages for marbling score of the meat (7.5 and 6.6 points, respectively), both being superior to the ½ P + ½ C group that had an average marbling score of 4.8 points. The production of F1 Braunvieh x Canchim animals is advantageous for the entire beef cattle production chain. The producer benefits because these animals yield heavier carcass weight; the slaughter plants also gain with the better carcass conformation and degree of finish; and, finally, the consumer because the meat of these animals has better marbling and texture scores.

Oilseeds in feeding for growing and finishing ¾ Boer + ¼ Saanen goat kids

In order to evaluate the use of oilseeds in the diet of goat kids, two experiments were performed. Experimental treatments consisted of four different total mixed diets, all containing oat hay, ground corn, soybean meal and mineral supplement, and differing in oilseeds inclusion (dry matter basis), according to the treatments: 1) control (without oilseeds), 2) diet containing 7.87% flaxseed, 3) diet with 7.30% sunflower seed, and 4) diet containing 8.00% canola. In the first experiment (to evaluate the performance), 28 ¾ Boer + ¼ Saanen castrated goat kids (22.66 kg to 30.88 kg BW) were allotted in a randomized design in feedlot. There was no difference between treatments for intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and ether extract, total weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion or days in feedlot (61 days). In the second experiment (to evaluate the digestibility), four goats (47.42 ± 1.83 kg BW) were allotted in a 4 × 4 Latin square. The inclusion of sunflower seeds in the diet increased the intake of neutral detergent fiber. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrate and total digestible nutrients were not influenced by the addition of oilseeds in the diets. There was higher ether extract digestibility for goats receiving dietary canola. The inclusion of flaxseed (7.30%), sunflower (7.87%) and canola (8.00%) seeds in the diets of ¾ Boer + ¼ Saanen goats does not improve performance, but can be used without changing intake, digestibility and energy value of diets.