Mevlüt Akçura

Nonparametric stability methods for interpreting genotype by environment interaction of bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)

Evaluation of performance stability and high yield is essential for yield trials conducted in different environments. We determined the stability of 10 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (5 cultivars and 5 advanced lines) using nonparametric stability measures and compared nonparametric stability statistics across 19 environments in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Experiments were setup in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Nonparametric stability measures revealed that AL-2, Karahan-99 and Altay-2000 were the most stable and well adapted genotypes across the 19 environments. In addition, it was concluded that graphs of mean grain yield (t ha-1) vs. nonparametric measures (Si(1), Si(2), S(3), Si(6) and σgy) values and kr vs. σr values could enhance visual efficiency of genotype selection based on genotype by environment interaction. Furthermore, high TOP values, Si(3) and Si(6) were associated with high grain yield, but the other nonparametric stability measures were not positively correlated with grain yield and instead characterized a static concept of stability. Choice of genotype for increased grain yield in bread wheat would, therefore, be expected to change yield stability by increasing the values of the Si(3), Si(6) and TOP nonparametric stability statistics.

Chemical composition of the seeds of some Medicago species

phytochemical properties of some legumes widely [9–12]. The objective of the present study was to determine the tannin, protein contents, and fatty acid composition of the seeds of Medicago L. species (M. disciformis DC., M. polymorpha L., M. intertexta (L.) Mill., M. scutellata (L.) Mill., M. truncatula Gaertn. and M. orbicularis var. marginata (L.) Bart.). The results of the fatty acid analysis are shown in Table 1, and total protein and tannin contents in Table 2. The total protein amounts of the feed crops studied were found to be between 30.50–47.17% in Medicago orbicularis var. marginata and M. truncatula. These were 34.87, 34.93, 36.20, and 38.30% in M. intertexta, M. scutellata, M. disciformis, and M. polymorpha, respectively. The protein levels were determined in fruit, leaf, and steam of Medicago noeana, M. orbicularis, M. polymorpha var. vulgaris, M. rigidula var. submitis, and M. rigidula var. rigidula [7]. According to them, the protein levels studied were found to be between 20% and 30%. The protein levels of fruits were found to be higher than those in leaf and steam. On the other hand, the protein contents of fruit of M. noeana, M. orbicularis, and M. polymorpha var.vulgaris were found to be higher than in fruits of other species. The tannin amounts of feed crops studied were found to be between 0.27–1.23% in M. orbicularis var. marginata and M. scutellata. The others comprise 0.30% (M. intertexta) and 0.70% (M. disciformis, M. polymorpha and M. truncatula), respectively. It was reported that condensed tannin may act as anthelmintics against parasitic nematodes or indirectly by improving nitrogen supply [13–15]. The main components in the seed oils of Medicago species were palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. The other fatty acids of the legume seed oils (arachidic and lignoceric acid) in the studied species were shown to be lower than 1% except for M. truncatula (Table 1). This is similar to those reported [12]. On the other hand, behenic acid was at the highest level in M. disciformis (1.11%). Some researches have indicated that oils with high levels of long-chain SFA such as behenic acid may be difficult for digesting enzymes to digest in humans and animals [16]. The results of the present study, as far as unsaturated fatty acid content is concerned, are supported by previous leguminous studies [12, 17, 18]. All these studies showed that the saturated, and particularly unsaturated, fatty acid contents of Fabaceae seed oils are closely allied to each other and that the main components in the oils are linoleic-oleic type fatty acids. Seed Samples. Matured seeds of these species were collected from various locations in Adana (Turkey) between June and August 2009.

Assessment of Genotype × Trait × Environment interactions of silage maize genotypes through GGE Biplot

In yield experiments conducted at different environments, assessment of Genotype × Environment interactions for investigated traits is a quite significant issue for both agronomists and breeders. GGE biplot analysis was employed in this study to assess the Genotype × Trait, Environment × Trait and Trait Association × Environment of five different traits (silage yield [SY], stem diameter [SD], green leaf weight ratio &91;GLWR], green stem weight ratio [GSWR], green corn cob ratio [GCCR] and plant height [PH]) of 25 silage maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes grown in six environments. The biplot graphs created in this study to assess Genotype × Trait, Environment × Trait and Environment × Trait correlation interactions were able to explain respectively 86%, 92%, and 83% of total variation of experiments. Current findings revealed that the genotype G18 (Safak), with the greatest silage yield in Genotype Trait biplot (GT biplot) also had the greatest SD; DIY14 (DIYARBAKIR-2014) with the greatest distance from the origin over Environment Trait (ET-biplot) graph was the most distinctive environment; SD with the greatest vector length was the most distinctive trait; DIY14 and DIY15 environments were the best environments for PH, GSWR, SY and SD. It was concluded that GGE biplot method with different perspectives could reliably be used in assessment of silage characteristics of maize genotypes grown in different environments.