Mi-Ra Jo

Simultaneous Determination of Amoxicillin and Ampicillin in Fish Meat Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatography assay method for amoxicillin and ampicillin in fish products was developed, evaluated, and validated by monitoring these antibiotics in fish samples obtained from aquaculture and distribution. The recovery rate of this method was higher than those of conventional methods and was 95.3-106.6% for amoxicillin and 81.4-92.4% for ampicillin. Our pretreatment procedure sufficiently removed or reduced materials affecting HPLC analysis, such as low-molecular-weight substances. The performance limit of this method was evaluated as 0.01 ppm of amoxicillin and ampicillin in fish muscle. Finally, 171 fish samples, including olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), common sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), and black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli) collected from fish farms in the coastal area between April and September 2005 were analyzed to evaluate the overall efficiency of the method and to monitor the actual of amoxicillin and ampicillin usage in fish farms. The results indicated that the developed method was suitable for analyzing amoxicillin and ampicillin in fish muscle, and determined that those antibiotics were being used for fish farming but were not detected in fish samples during the shipping and distribution stages.

Evaluation of the Effect of the Discharged Water from Bong Stream after Rainfall Events on the Bacteriological Water Quality in Gangjinman, Korea

We investigated the effect of the discharged water from Bong Stream, which is located in the drainage area of Gangjinman area on the bacteriological water quality in the coastal area after rainfall events. Following 12.5 mm of rainfall, water discharged from Bong Stream had a very limited effect on bacteriological water quality in adjacent area and the affected area did not extend to the designated area. On the other hand, after 23 mm rainfall, the density of fecal coliform at stations located in the designated area was higher than at stations located in the adjacent area. The degree of bacteriological contamination at the surveyed stations in the coastal area after rainfall events did not show a relationship with distance from the shoreline. These results indicate that the direction of spread and the range of contaminants from the drainage area were affected by tides at the time of the survey. Therefore, a detailed survey of the effects of tides on the diffusion characteristics of the contaminants from Bong Stream is needed to establish a proper management plan for the surveyed area.

The Bacteriological Quality of Seawater in Kamak Bay, Korea

From 1998 to 2008, the bacteriological quality of seawater in Kamak Bay, Korea, was monitored. The total and fecal coliforms in seawater were monitored as bacterial indicators, and the level of fecal coliform contamination was used to evaluate seawater quality. In the southern shellfish growing area of Kamak Bay, the observed fecal coliform geometric mean (GM) and estimated 90th percentile did not exceed the quality standards for fecal coliforms in seawater in Korea and th USA (GM

Total Mercury Content and Risk Assessment of Farmed Fish Tissues

수은은 지각에 자연적으로 존재하는 금속으로써 지각 및 어류와대기활동뿐만 아니고 인간의 산업활동 등을 통해 수중에 방출된다. 이렇게 (European food safety authority)방출된 무기형태의 수은은 장기간 수중생태계에 이동·축적되며 수중 생물의 영양단계를 통해 유기형태인 메틸수은으로 전환된다. 이 메틸수은은 육식성 어류의 먹이 활동과 최근같은 상위영양단계를 통해 생물학적으로 농축된다. 또한 μ인간은 이들 어류의 섭취를 통해 weight메틸수은에 노출된다(UNEP, 2002). 이와 같이, 어류섭취를 통한 수은 노출의 위험성으로 인해 을미국은 1990년대부터 어류의 수은 함량을 모니터링 해오고 로있으며(US FDA, 2010), 유럽은 수산물섭취수은에 대한 기준(maximum toler-ated level, ML)을 0.5 mg/kg (어류), 1.0 mg/kg (육식성어류)로 설정하여 관리하고 있다(EC, 2008). 이외의 국가로, 호주와 왔다뉴질랜드(FSANZ, 2004)는 취량은최대허용기준(maximum permis-sible level, MPL)를설정하였으며, 캐나다(Health Canada, 2007)와 일본(JETRO, 2011) 역시 가이드라인을 제시하였다. 수산물에대한주기적인섭취는메틸수은의식이노출(dietary exposure)과밀접한 관계가 있으며 이로 인해, EFSA 는주간허용섭취량(tolerable weekly intake)을설정하여소비자에게권고하고있다(EFSA, 2012). EFSA는메틸수은에대한주간허용섭취량을기존1.6 g/kg body weight에서약 19% 감소된 1.3 μg/kg body 로, 기존총수은에대한주간허용섭취량(5 μg/kg body weight) 철회하고무기수은에대한주간허용섭취량을 4 μg/kg body weight 강화하여제안하였다(EFSA, 2012).(어류 , 어류가공품연체류갑각류등)는다른국가들에비해아시아에서상대적으로높으며지속적으로증가되어(York and Gossard, 2004). 우리나라의 1인 년수산물섭 59.6 kg으로일본(52.2 kg/ 년), 말레이시아(57.1 kg/ )

Total Mercury Contents of Antarctic Toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni Caught in the Antarctic Sea

Abstract Mercury is an element of special concern for human health. Measurements of total mercury levels in fish have been taken into con-sideration to assess risk. In this study, the Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni was evaluated as a potential safe food source through measurement of total mercury contents. Total mercury concentrations in Antarctic toothfish ranged from 0.101 ± 0.047 mg/kg to 0.139 ± 0.075 mg/kg. The total mercury concentration was significantly correlated with macroscopic values including total fish length, weight, gonadosomatic index, and maturity ( P < 0.01 or 0.05). Furthermore, according to the risk assessment, the total mercury body exposure rate from Antarctic toothfish ranged from 2.125% to 2.847% of the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake. Therefore, the Antarctic toothfish could be used as a potential safe seafood source. Key words: Dissostichus mawsoni , Antarctic toothfish, Mercury, Risk assessment, Safe seafood source Introduction The cod icefish species internationally known as the tooth-fish can be classified into the Antarctic toothfish

Heavy Metals (Hg, Pb, Cd) Content and Risk Assessment of Commercial Dried Laver Porphyra sp.

To investigate heavy metals (Hg, Pb and Cd) and their potential health risks in commercial dried layer (Porphyra sm), we collected 45 samples from the major production areas on the western and southern coasts of Korea (Hwaseong, Seo-cheon, Gunsan, Muan, Shinan, undo, I-laenam, Wando, Jangheung, Goheung and Busan). The Hg, Pb and Cd concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS) or a mercury analyzer, The average Hg, Pb and Cd concentrations in the dried layer were 0.006±0, 0.017, 0.196+0.0614 and 0.894+0.4882 mg/kg, respectively, Based on the 2007 Korean Public Nutrition Report, these levels are 0.02, 0.11 and 2.47% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for Hg, Pb and Cd, respectively, established by the FAO/WHO. The hazard quotient (HQ) determined from the ratio of exposure and safe levels were less than 1.0. Therefore, the levels of overall exposure to Hg, Pb and Cd for dried layer were below the recommended JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) levels, which indicate safe levels for public health.

Toxicity of the Puffer fish, Takifugu xanthopterus (Kkachibok) and Takifugu stictonotus (Kkachilbok) from Coastal Area of Korea

The toxicity of two species of puffer fish, Takifugu xanthopterus and T. stictonotus, collected from coastal regions of Korea, was determined using a mouse bioassay. The highest toxin scores in the muscle, skin, fins, and testis in both species were below 50 mouse units (MU) per gram, and for each organ of both species the proportion of toxic specimens containing was less than about 10%. In T. xanthopterus, the highest toxin levels in the liver, gallbladder, and ovary exceeded 1,000 MU/g (1,275-1,910), while less than 200 MU/g (12-136) was detected in the same organs of T. stictonotus. Therefore, the toxicities of muscle, skin, and testis in both species of puffer fish were within acceptable levels for human consumption.