Miriam Debieux Rosa

Em busca de novas abordagens para a violência de gênero: a desconstrução da vítima

Este artigo parte do exame critico dos fundamentos das politicas publicas de assistencia ao fenomeno da violencia entre homens e mulheres no ambiente domestico, sobretudo naquilo que se refere as mulheres. Esse exame indica que tais politicas abordam o fenomeno pela via do discurso juridico, com base em uma concepcao de que ha uma relacao binaria agressor/vitima claramente delineada, e na qual a mulher e tida como vitima de condicoes desfavoraveis e merecedora de uma assistencia juridica especifica. Trata-se de interrogar o quanto um discurso articulado em uma logica binaria de opostos – forte/fraco, vitima/agressor - e suficiente e eficaz para a compreensao do fenomeno, bem como ate que ponto ele nao acaba por perpetuar aquilo que visa combater: a visao da mulher como um ser fraco e vulneravel, que necessita de protecao. Tal inquietacao e fruto da experiencia de atendimento a mulheres que vem sofrendo violencia fisica e/ou moral por parte de seus companheiros em uma entidade nao-governamental, a Pro-Mulher Familia e Cidadania, sediada na cidade de Sao Paulo. Este artigo visa demonstrar o processo da construcao da mulher como vitima por dois ângulos. De um lado aborda, com os instrumentos da psicanalise, a posicao subjetiva da mulher, especialmente atraves dos conceitos de eu, narcisismo, masoquismo fundamental e implicacao subjetiva. De outro lado visa examinar o modo pelo qual o discurso juridico articula-se a dimensao subjetiva, contribuindo para a vitimizacao da mulher. Nosso intuito e demonstrar a necessidade de agregar acoes alternativas as vias estritamente juridicas que hoje preponderam na abordagem do fenomeno da violencia entre homens e mulheres.

Ética e política: a psicanálise diante da realidade, dos ideais e das violências contemporâneos

The article demonstrates how the speach of post-capitalist subjects underpins a type of social bond in which they see themselves immersed in a culture that violently thrusts them toward enjoyment (jouissance) in the form of either consumption and profit or suffering. Its strategy relies on proposing the suspension of ethical dilemmas to subjects submitted to the posed (imposed) reality. Besides discontents, that results in violence. Resituating both subjects and ethics as indissoluble elements points to a resistance policy to the social instrumentalization of enjoyment.

Psychoanalytic listening to socially excluded young people

Individuals excluded from ‘the social contract’ are subject to a certain irruption of the traumatic, understood as subjective disorganization resulting from the emergence of that which is outside sense and outside signification. Such subjects experience the loss of a discourse of belonging and of being afforded a place in society. The lack of narcissistic gratification, along with the exclusion from group ideals and values, foster a fragmentation of social ties and produce disruptive effects in subjectivity. This paper discusses the possibilities afforded by psychoanalytic listening to subjects who have experienced social exclusion as traumatic: those who suffer extreme poverty and social exclusion within neoliberal economic models. Examples are drawn from clinical work with young people who live on the outskirts of the city of São Paulo and who have had the experience of living in the streets. Rather than attuning to this sort of listening, it is not rare for those in some social agencies and in some forms of psychotherapy to mistake apathy, loneliness and muting for structural characteristics of the subject rather than as the effects of exclusion and the reproduction of a form of social violence. This misrecognition precludes the creation of a symbolic elaboration that could provide a symptomatic shape to that which is experienced as traumatic. This paper argues for the possibility of listening to subjects silenced by exclusion.

O MÉTODO NA PESQUISA PSICANALÍTICA DE FENÔMENOS SOCIAIS E POLÍTICOS: A UTILIZAÇÃO DA ENTREVISTA E DA OBSERVAÇÃO

The discussion on research methods makes more sense when referred to a theoretical perspective, taking into account that, the theory, the object and the research objective are responsible for defining the most appropriate method to be used. Based on this assumption, the present study shows some ideas on the specificity that the techniques of data collection - interview and observation - assume in the research. In addition, some of the controversies that involve subjects related to psychoanalytic research out of the clinic context are discussed. The study is concluded with two recommendations to the professionals that work in such perspective: there is a need to focus on the historic and social determinations of the phenomena under investigation, and to take care with the delimitation of the fields.