Mohd. Ali

New phytoconstituents from the stem bark of Tinospora cordifolia Miers.

The phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Tinospora cordifolia Miers (Menispermaceae) has afforded four new compounds, named tinosporafuranol, tinosporafurandiol, tinosporaclerodanol, and tinosporaclerodanoid, along with β-sitosterol, and their stereostructures have been elucidated correspondingly as 4-seco-cleroda-19-ol-13-furanoid, 4-seco-cleroda-6-en-18,19-diol-13-furanoid, cleroda-1(10)-en-6β-ol and cleroda-1-one-2-en-11β,15,16,18-tetraol-12,19-olide on the basis of spectral data analyses and chemical reactions.

Bioactivity guided fractionation and hypolipidemic property of a novel HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor from Ficus virens Ait

BackgroundThe current perspective for the search of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor has been shifted towards a natural agent also having antioxidant property. Thus, this study was intended to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds from methanolic extract of Ficus virens bark (FVBM) and to evaluate their antioxidant, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory and hypolipidemic activity.MethodsBioactivity guided fractionation and isolation of bioactive compound from FVBM extract has been done to isolate and characterize the potent HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) inhibitor with antioxidant activity by using repeated extensive column chromatography followed by spectroscopic methods, including Infrared (IR), 1H & 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Mass spectrum analysis. The in vitro HMGR inhibition and enzyme kinetic assay was determined using HMG-CoA as substrate. In addition, antioxidant activity of the new isolated compound, was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and FRAP value. In-silico molecular informatics of HMGR enzyme type inhibition and pharmacokinetics data of the new compound was further evaluated through molecular docking and ADME-T studies. Further, in-vivo hypolipidemic property of FVBM extract and newly isolated compound was also analyzed in triton-WR 1339 induced rats.ResultsThereby, we report the discovery of n-Octadecanyl-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl(6′u2009→u20091″)-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (F18) as a novel HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with strong antioxidant property. This inhibitor exhibited not only higher free radical scavenging activity but also marked HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 84u2009±u20092.8xa0ng/ml. This inhibitory activity concurred with kinetic study that showed inhibition constant (Ki) of 84xa0ng/ml via an uncompetitive mode of inhibition. The inhibition was also corroborated by molecular docking analysis and in silico pharmacokinetics data. The in vivo study revealed that administration of FVBM extract (at higher dose, 100xa0mg/rat) and the inhibitor (1xa0mg/rat) to Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats significantly ameliorated the altered levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins including hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity; this effect was comparable to the effect of standard drug atorvastatin.ConclusionsThe in vitro, in silico and in vivo results clearly demonstrated the antioxidant potential and therapeutic efficacy of the inhibitor as an alternate drug against hyperlipidemia.

New triterpenoids from Morus alba L. stem bark.

Two lupeol-type pentacyclic triterpenoids characterised as lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol-27-oic acid (moruslupenoic acid A) and lup-12, 20(29)-dien-3β-ol-26-oic acid (moruslupenoic acid B) and lanst-5, 24-dien-3β-yl acetate (moruslanosteryl acetate) along with the known triterpenoidal phytoconstituents α-amyrin acetate, β-amyrin-β-D-glucopyranoside and betulinic acid have been isolated from the stem bark of Morus alba L. (Moraceae). The structures of the isolated phytoconstituents were established on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical means.

Antibacterial activity of resin rich plant extracts

Background: The in vitro antibacterial activity of resin rich methanolic extracts (RRMEs) of Commiphora myrrha, Operculina turpethum, and Pinus roxburghii. Materials and Methods: Different concentration were studied by agar-well diffusion method against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae). Results: Among all the bacterial strains tested, E. faecalis was most sensitive and S. typhi was resistant to C. myrrha and P. roxburghii. The extracts of O. turpethum were active against all tested strains in which B. subtilis and S. aureus were the most sensitive. Conclusion: This suggested that the antibacterial activity of RRMEs of O. turpethum was more than C. myrrha and P. roxburghii. This probably explains the potential of these plants against a number of infections caused by bacterial strains tested.

New prenylated isoflavanones from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra

Two new prenylated isoflavanones have been isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. along with the known compounds cetoleic acid, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, lanast-5,24-dien-3β-D-glucuronopyranoside, and glucuronic acid. The structures of the prenylated isoflavanones have been established as 8-isoprenyl-7,4′-dihydroxylicoisoflavanone (glabraisoflavanone A) and 7,3′-dihydroxy-8-isoprenyl-4′-cyclogeranioloxyisoflavanone (glabraisoflavanone B) on the basis of spectral data analyses and chemical reactions.

Anti-proliferative action of silibinin on human colon adenomatous cancer HT-29 cells.

BACKGROUNDnSilibinin a flavonoid from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions, including anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities against various types of cancers in intact animals and cancer cell lines. In the present study, the effect of silibinin on human colon cancer HT-29 cells was studied.nnnMETHODnIncubations of cells with different silibinin concentrations (0.783-1,600 ug/ml) for 24, 48 or 72 h showed a progressive decline in cell viability.nnnRESULTSnLoss of cell viability was time dependent and optimum inhibition of cell growth (78%) was observed at 72 h. Under inverted microscope, the dead cells were seen as cell aggregates. IC50 (silibinin concentration killing 50% cells) values were 180, 110 and 40 ug/ml at 24, 48 and 72 h respectively.nnnCONCLUSIONnThese findings re-enforce the anticancer potential of silibinin, as reported earlier for various other cancer cell lines (Ramasamy and Agarwal (2008), Cancer Letters, 269: 352-62).

Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Topical Anti-inflammatory Activity of Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Essential Oil

Abstract Hydrodistilled oil obtained from the whole plant of Valeriana jatamansi Jones. was analyzed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The volatile oil of the plant consisted mainly of sesquiterpenes viz. carotol (10 %), germacrene B (9.5 %), cis-β-farnesene (8 %), α-humulene (6.8 %) and humulene oxide (6.4 %). The oil was found to be a potential antimicrobial agent against Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. When studied for topical anti-inflammatory activity in Swiss albino mice, the essential oil exhibited significant activity as compared to standard drug.

Chemical Constituents Isolated from Zanthoxylum armatum Stem Bark

Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Zanthoxylum armatum led to the isolation of three phytoconstituents characterized as 1-linoleo-2,3-diolein (1), α-amyrin acetate (2), and armatonaphthyl arabinoside (3), which were elucidated using spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis. Among the isolated compounds, armatonaphthyl arabinoside (3) is a new naphthyl glycoside.

Volatile Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Aerial parts of Ocimum gratissimum Linn.

Aromatic compounds in the steam distilled volatile oil obtained from aerial parts of Shrubby basil (Hindi - Ramtulasi), Ocimum gratissimum Linn. (Lamiaceae) were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The volatile oil mainly comprises of twenty (20) components, out of which all twenty constituents comprising 100 % of the oil were identified. The volatile oil mainly contains 13 monoterpenes (68.10 %) and bornyl acetate (14.5 %) was found to be predominant constituents followed by β-pinene (10.8 %), camphor (9.0 %), c-tagetone (8.6 %), t-tagetone (7.4 %), αpinene (4.2 %), myrtenal (4.1 %), α-thujene (3.0 %), α-camphene (1.8 %), O-methyl eugenol (1.6 %), ctagetone isomer (1.4 %), sabinene (0.9 %) and α-terpineol (0.8 %). Five sesquiterpene comprising (20.2 %) i.e. α-Selinene (5.9 %), t-caryophyllene (5.5 %), β-guaiene (4.0 %), β-gurjunene (2.0 %) and bicyclo germacrene (2.8 %). The two non terpenic components comprise (11.7 %) i.e. ethyl cyclohexenal ketone (7.1 %), n-butyl benzoate (4.6 %). The antimicrobial activity of O. gratissimum oil was studied by cup plate method against both Gram-positive and negative bacterial strains and pathogenic fungal species. Antimicrobial activity was concentration dependent on Shigella flexineri, Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans.

Volatile Constituents of Rhizomes of Alpinia galanga (Linn.) Willd

Abstract A hydro-distilled volatile oil obtained from the rhizome of Alpinia galanga (Linn.) Willd. belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, was analysed by GC and GC-MS. The oil was found to contain 11 components of which 10 constituents, comprising 98.5% were identified. The most abundant class of compounds were 4 monoterpenes comprising about 74% of the total volatiles. The predominant monoterpene was 1, 8–cineole (57%) followed by geranyl acetate (10.2%), citronellyl acetate (3.4%) and linalool (3.1%). Only one sesquiterpene viz; β-caryophyllene (5.4%) was identified. Five higher aliphatic constituents namely n-tridecane (1.5%), eicosanol (3.5%), n-docosane (4.3%), n-docosan-8-ol (4.9%) and n-tricosanol (5.2%) were also found in the oil.