Mohd Nadeem Bukhari

Antimicrobial and fluorescence finishing of woolen yarn with Terminalia arjuna natural dye as an ecofriendly substitute to synthetic antibacterial agents

The current study deals with the use of Terminalia arjuna natural dye as an ecofriendly finishing agent for producing highly functional antimicrobial and fluorescent woolen yarn along with the evaluation of kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption characteristics. The effect of pH on the adsorption was investigated, showing an increase in adsorption capacity with decreasing pH over the range of 2–9, with maximum adsorption at pH 3.5. Two kinetic equations pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order were employed for determining adsorption rates. The pseudo-second order equation provided the best fit to experimental data with an activation energy of 105.58 kJ mol−1, indicating chemisorption. The equilibrium adsorption data was fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson adsorption isotherms. The adsorption behavior accorded with the Redlich–Peterson isotherm with exceptionally high regression coefficients for dyeing temperatures of 50, 70 and 90 °C with dye concentration varying from 0.5–10% (o.w.f). Comparative results of the colorimetric properties (CIEL*a*b* and K/S) using a spectrophotometer under D65 illuminant (10° standard observer) and color fastness (light, wash, and rub) of dyed woolen yarns were studied to quantify the effect of metal mordants. The antimicrobial potential of Terminalia arjuna solution and dyed woolen yarn were assessed in terms of percentage inhibition of bacterial growth against a wide variety of bacterial strains, showing more than 85% inhibition. Reduction in antimicrobial activity of dyed woolen yarn was observed with mordanted samples, however they were found to retain more antimicrobial activity as compared to unmordanted samples as a function of successive washing cycles. The chemical nature of different mordants and wool–mordant–dye complex forming ability were found to have significant impact on the colorimetric and fluorescence characteristics of dyed woolen yarn.

Bi and tri metal salt combinations plus colorants extracted from timber industry waste as effective dyeing materials to produce novel shades on wool

ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to propose alternative use for teak leaves, a timber industry byproduct, as potential dyeing source for wool fibers. The coloring potential of anthraquinone colorants from teak leaves were studied on wool with pre-mordanting method using double and triple mix metal salt combinations (ferrous sulphate, stannous chloride and potassium aluminum sulphate) as mordants. Thirty-six sober and elegant shades were developed on wool by varying the type of metal involved in combination as well as concentration of the dye. The hue of color developed ranged from light orange—brown to dark brown. The color strength (K/S) has been found to be very good in dyed woolen yarn samples and particularly was highest for iron + alum combination. Color fastness with respect to light exposure washing, rubbing for the developed shades ranged between good to very good, which confirmed the possibility of using waste leaves of Tectona grandis as a source of effective brown natural dye.

Synthesis, molecular docking and evaluation of antifungal activity of Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes of porphyrin core macromolecular ligand.

Porphyrin core dendrimeric ligand (L) was synthesized by Rothemund synthetic route in which p-hydroxy benzaldehyde and pyrrole were fused together. The prepared ligand was complexed with Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) ions, separately. Both the ligand and its complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic studies (FT-IR, UV-Vis, (1)HNMR). Square planar geometries were proposed for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions in cobalt, Nickel and copper complexes, respectively on the basis of UV-Vis spectroscopic data. The ligand and its complex were screened on Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC 1022), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 9533) and Pencillium marneffei by determining MICs and inhibition zones. The activity of the ligand and its complexes was found to be in the order: CuL ˃ CoL ≈ NiL ˃ L. Detection of DNA damage at the level of the individual eukaryotic cell was observed by commet assay. Molecular docking technique was used to understand the ligand-DNA interactions. From docking experiment, we conclude that copper complex interacts more strongly than rest two.

Effect of binary and ternary combination of metal salt mordants on dyeing and fastness properties of natural protein fibre with Juglans regia L. dye

ABSTRACT The present article focuses on the effect of different combinations of metal mordants on color characteristics and fastness properties of natural dye extracted from Juglan regia L bark powder. The influence of different types of mordant combinations such as alum + ferrous sulphate, alum + stannous chloride, ferrous sulphate + stannous chloride, and alum + ferrous sulphate + stannous chloride on color parameters has been investigated in terms of CIELab (L*, a*, b*, c*, and h°) and K/S values. The fastness properties with respect to light, washing, and crocking of developed shades were determined according to ISO and AATCC test methods. Based on the experimental results, it has been found that 96 shades with novel and fashionable hues were produced by the use of these metal salt combinations. It was also found that all mordanted samples had satisfactory light and wash fastness ratings. Dry rub fastness was found relatively better than wet rub fastness.

Light Fastness and Shade Variability of Tannin Colorant Dyed Wool with the Effect of Mordanting Methods

ABSTRACT Mordanting methods effect on color characteristics and fastness properties, particularly light fastness were evaluated in this study. Effect of metal mordants and their combinations on wool dyeing with Terminalia chebula natural dye were investigated and correlation between dye structures, effect of metal mordant and mordanting methods were established. Results reveal that T. chebula can be used as yellow dye with or without metal mordants to get a variable range of shades on wool with good color strength and fastness properties, and appreciable shade variations with mordanting methods observed. Color performances of dyed substrate indicated substantial improvement in depth of shades and color fastness in case of mordanted samples. Pre-mordanting with tin and post-mordanting with alum proved to be most effective for increasing K/S values of the dyed substrate under the optimum dyeing conditions.

Adhatoda vasica in Conjunction with Binary Combinations of Metal Salts and Biomordants as an Effective Textile Dye to Produce novel Shades on Wool

ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to propose an alternative use of Adhatoda vasica leaves extract as a potential source of natural dye for the coloration of woolen yarn/fibers. Premordanting technique was adopted with double metal salt combinations of ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, and potassium aluminum sulfate and double biomordant combinations of gallnut, pomegranate, and babool, to achieve dyed textile materials of acceptable colorimetric and fastness properties. Sixty-three sober and elegant shades were developed on wool by varying the nature and the concentration of mordants involved in the combinations. The hue of color developed was found to be in yellow-red coordinate of color space diagram. All the dyed samples presented excellent color strength (K/S) values and highest values were found in case of gallnut + pomegranate peel extract (PPE) combination. Biomordants produced altogether different behavior in comparison to metal mordants in the development of ecofriendly shades of different hue and tune. Majority of the dyed samples showed excellent fastness properties with respect to light, washing, and rubbing which confirmed the possibility of using A. vasica leaves extract as an effective yellow natural dye.

Dyeing of Wool with Anthraquinone based Natural Colorants from Cassia fistula fruit

ABSTRACT The searches for new sources of natural dyes have been recently increased in many countries. This article is aimed to explore the dyeing potential of Cassia fistula as a source of natural dye on wool. In this study, the anthraquinone colorants are extracted from fruit of Cassia fistula by aqueous extraction method. Mordanting and subsequent dyeing of wool with extracted colorants were then performed to study the colorimetric and fastness properties. Three metallic salts aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride and their combinations were used in this study to fix and increase the color as well as fastness properties of the substrate. UV visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis show identification of functional groups in the dye molecule. Colorimetric properties were analyzed by reflectance spectrometry in terms of L*, a*, b*, c*, h○ and K/S values. Color fastness was investigated in terms of light, wash and rub (dry/wet) tests. Results demonstrate that novel and fashionable brown shades with different hue and tone were obtained. Therefore, Cassia fistula has an exciting opportunity to be used as a source of natural dye in textile coloration.

Exploiting the potential of polyphenolic biomordants in environmentally friendly coloration of wool with natural dye from Butea monosperma flower extract

ABSTRACT Coloration of textiles with natural dyes involves huge consumption of chemicals; mainly, metal salt mordants, which pose serious environmental challenges. To mitigate this pollution, more and more environmentally friendly, biodegradable, biocompatible and renewable products should be popularized in dyeing industry. This paper proposes a sustainable and metal salt-free dyeing of wool samples by employing natural mordants extracted from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L), gallnut (Quercus infectoria L) and catechu (Acacia catechu). The color parameters of dyed wool samples were greatly found to be dependent on the chemical compounds present in respective biomordants and their interaction ability with the functional groups of wool and the dye molecules. The investigated biomordants exhibit different interactions with coloring compounds of Butea monosperma (palas) dye resulting in deep brown, olive green, dark brown, cinnamon, burgundy, and yellowish hues on wool. All the biomordants selected in this study improved dye performance and resulted in a broad beautiful spectrum of colors with acceptable fastness properties. The results encourage the search and exploitation of new plant species as a source of biomordants to replace metallic and toxic mordants currently used in textile industry.

First-time application of biomordants in conjunction with the Alkanna tinctoria root extract for eco-friendly wool dyeing

ABSTRACT Associated environmental hazards with the use of synthetic dyes and toxic metal mordants in the textile industry lead to concerns for alternatives. Natural dyes and biomordants are the new eco-friendly and biocompatible resources for textile coloration obtained from never-ending natural flora. The coloration potential of naphthoquinone-based colorants from Alkanna tinctoria roots on wool was investigated in this study with the application of both metallic mordants as well as biomordants. Color characteristics were evaluated on a spectrophotometer under the D65 illuminant, 10° standard observer, and fastness properties by using standard methods. A wide range of shades was obtained with good color characteristics and fastness results. Iron among metallic mordants, pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and babool among biomordants increased the color yield of dyed wool. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the undamaged physical structure and surface morphology of dyed wool.

First Application of Mix Metallic Salt Mordant Combinations to Develop Newer Shades on Wool with Bixa orellana Natural Dye Using Reflectance Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT Annatto colorants derived from Bixa orellana L. seeds have been extensively used in a wide range of food commodities such as dairy products, flour confectionery, fish, soft drinks, meat products, snack foods, and dry mixes. To exploit its use as a colorant for textiles, this research study investigates for the first time pre-mordanting of wool with bi and tri metal salt combinations using aluminum potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and stannous chloride mordants in order to develop natural and beautiful shades on wool with variation in hue and tone. The dyeing was carried by exhaustion method and dyed samples were analyzed using a Reflective Spectrophotometer in terms of CIELAB (L*, a*and b*) and K/S values and washing and light fastnesses were investigated according to I.S.O. standard recommendations. In the dyeing experiments, wool samples pre-mordanted with Fe + Sn displayed highest color strength followed by Fe + Al and Al + Sn combinations. The results showed that overall 36 different shades having good to very good fastness properties were produced by the use of different metallic salt combinations in the natural dyeing of wool using annatto dye.