Moisés Esteban Guitart

Labelling Improves False Belief Understanding. A Training Study

A total of 104 children aged between 41 and 47 months were selected to study the relationship between language and false belief understanding. Participants were assigned to four different training conditions: discourse, labelling, control (all with deceptive objects), and sentential complements (involving non-deceptive objects). Post-test results showed an improvement in childrens false belief understanding in the discourse and the labelling conditions, but not in the sentential complements with non-deceptive objects or the control group. Furthermore, the most remarkable improvement in false belief understanding occurred in the labelling group. These results suggest that some types of linguistic experience promote the development of false belief understanding, provided that differing perspectives are confronted.

A Macro Cultural Psychological Theory of Identity

Abstract The aim of this paper is to articulate a theory of human identity from a cultural psychological perspective. This article shall elucidate an explanation of identity as rooted in macro cultural factors such as social institutions, artifacts, and cultural concepts. This theory is called “macro cultural psychology.” Understanding identity requires comprehending the history, society, and culture that affect specific ways we define ourselves. This article compares macro cultural psychology with other cultural perspectives such as cross-cultural psychology and micro-cultural psychology.