Mônica Cavalcanti Sá de Abreu

As pressões ambientais da estrutura da indústria

This article shows how the environmental pressures of the industry structure end up influencing the business performance. The research was conducted with the petrochemical, the textile and the beverage sectors in Brazil and identifies the possible environmental impact of a business, the environmental legal system, and the demands from stakeholders as being the main environmental pressures upon businesses that influence their environmental conduct. Therefore, the understanding of the environmental pressures of the industry structure allows the businesses to evaluate, in a practical manner, their current strategic positioning and define their future positioning. In order to meet the business demand for strategic environmental planning tools, this paper also presents the model Environmental Structure-Conduct-Performance (Environmental - SCP). This model states that a business environmental performance is derived from its environmental conduct, which, in turn, depends on the market structure where the business operates.

Critical elements for eco-retrofitting a conventional industrial park: Social barriers to be overcome

This paper aims to explore critical elements for eco-retrofitting a conventional industrial park, based on a survey of companies and institutions located in Brazil. The study investigates social barriers to be overcome in promotion of opportunities for waste exchange. Our results indicate that values, trust behaviour, waste cognitive domain and environment engagement are necessary for the creation of an eco-industrial park. Similar values of benevolence and universalism are essential for company engagement to eco-retrofit. Low levels of trust behaviour combining with limited waste cognitive domain prevent firms from establishing agreement on waste exchange initiatives. The findings lend support to the view that social barriers are pre-requisites to engagement among firms in establishing technological and logistical solutions. Serious attention needs to be given to these social barriers because they are not easily overcome in the social and economic context of developing countries.

Effects of personal characteristics on organizational commitment: evidence from Brazil's oil and gas industry

In 1997, Brazils major energy company faced a loss of its monopoly as part of the countrys structural reform. Many of its employees were recruited by new entrants to the oil and gas industry. In order to retain employees, the company initiated a multiyear planning process which included a redesigned human resource management model oriented to organizational commitment. This study examines the long-term influence of five employee personal characteristics (type of employment, job level, gender, education level and service time) on the affective, normative and continuance components of organizational commitment. The research was conducted in one of the company refinery and involved a questionnaire survey of all employees and interviews with senior managers. It was found that type of employment (company staff or contractor) had the greatest impact on affective and normative commitment, while service time and education level are the most significant contributors to continuance commitment. Gender and job level were found to have limited implication for commitment. The results demonstrate that the company response to structural reform had the long-term positive effect of binding employees to the organization.

Social Technology as a Sustainable Public Policy: The Mandalla Project in Ceará

Environmental degradation in semi-arid Northeast has been a great challenge for the Brazilian government. The need to generate employment and income, justifies the establishment of productive activities competitive and covering the dimensions of sustainability. In this context, there is the movement of Social Technology (ST), aimed at social inclusion and development through the appropriation of simple technologies, inexpensive and consolidated in the culture of the community benefit. As a public policy of the government of Ceara, appeared the Mandalla Project, using irrigated agriculture and agribusiness production system, which includes the creation of small animals from natural methods. This study aims to analyze the ST Mandalla as a public policy that promotes sustainable development. The results show that this technology, contributes significantly to the sustainable development of semi-arid and improving the quality of life of communities served when examined against the dimensions of Sustainable Development model of Sachs (2002).

Perspectives, Drivers, and a Roadmap for Corporate Social Responsibility in the Textile and Clothing Industry

This chapter presents an overview of concepts, drivers, outcomes, and practices related to corporate social responsibility (CSR). It provides a roadmap that can guide managers in introducing CSR to their companies. In recent years, the textile and clothing industry has become more globally competitive, yet enormous gaps remain in the quest to promote and attain economic and social development that is more equitable and more environmentally grounded. Social, economic, political, and legal factors affect countries differently and result in different institutional dynamics and organizational behaviors. This has led to different CSR approaches among countries. Getting textile and clothing firms even better engaged in CSR requires ongoing efforts in conjunction with governments and society. CSR progress will be limited until the overall regulatory system is updated to provide stronger institutions and improved governance mechanisms. However, CSR establishes a new way of doing business that combines success and the creation of value through a respectful and proactive attitude towards stakeholders.

Gestão ambiental regional: usando o IAD Framework de Elinor Ostrom na "análise política"da gestão ambiental da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre

O trabalho apresenta uma “analise politica” do gerenciamento do meio ambiente em uma regiao metropolitana brasileira, partindo do Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework. Analisa-se como e possivel gerenciar os problemas de uma regiao metropolitana, cujas unidades administrativas independentes, os municipios, devem atuar coordenadamente para obter um resultado positivo para a regiao. Para tanto, revisam-se os conceitos de “analise politica” e o Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework, efetua-se pesquisa secundaria das arenas e suas interacoes na regiao e, ainda, entrevistam-se 41 atores da rede politica de gerenciamento ambiental da regiao metropolitana em questao. Como resultado, foi construido um quadro institucional do gerenciamento da regiao, baseado no IAD Framework. Neste, se identificam resultados da acao em forma de rede para a gestao de problemas especificos locais, com programas e acoes. Identifica-se, tambem, uma interacao entre os atores do sistema do meio ambiente e atores do novo sistema de recursos hidricos, sendo este ultimo uma peca fundamental no caso da poluicao hidrica da Regiao Metropolitana.

AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DOS STAKEHOLDERS NA PROATIVIDADE AMBIENTAL DE EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS

a Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Economia , Administração. Atuária, Contabilidade. b Faculdade Metropolitana de Fortaleza (FAMETRO) c Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Economia, Administração., Atuária, Contabilidade . Revista de Contabilidade e Organizações Mônica C. S. Abreua; Francisco C. Castrob; José C. Lazaroc

Diferentes percepções sobre a responsabilidade social corporativa em empresas líderes do Brasil e da Índia

This article evaluates corporate social responsibility strategies and efforts to implement them in a Brazilian oil and gas multinational and an Indian steel multinational. Qualitative research was conducted through interviews with executives of both companies, and a content analysis and comparison of approaches to corporate social responsibility and engagement with stakeholders were made. The evidence from this research shows that the type of corporate social responsibility adopted by each company depends on the ethical values, socio-economic environment, legal and institutional framework of the country in which the firm operates.

A comparative analysis of the development of renewable energy in Brazil and Germany

This paper aims at reviewing the applied strategies to stimulate the development of and investments in renewable energies in Germany and Brazil. It analyses governmental programs and provides an overview about the past, present, and future development of wind, solar, and hydro energy in both countries. By collecting and comparing different preconditions, structures and the overall development, the paper reveals pitfalls of strategies and mechanisms applied in both countries. Results indicate that while the structure and stage of development of economies in Brazil and Germany differ, both countries share the intention to change the configuration of electricity generation. On the one hand, Germany applies a range of costly incentive mechanisms increasing the share of renewable energy fundamentally. On the other hand, Brazil already has a significant share of renewable energy, but yet established a strategy that may lead to an increased share of fossil energy. Based on the comparison, the paper deduces hints to foster the development of sustainable energy generation in both countries.

Análise Institucional da Gestão Ambiental Pública no Semiárido Nordestino: O Caso do Município de Independência-CE

O artigo analisa os resultados da gestao ambiental publica em um municipio de pequeno porte do semiarido nordestino. Partindo do Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD- Framework) de Elinor Ostrom, o trabalho discute a configuracao institucional dos atores e os instrumentos da gestao ambiental, avaliando a atuacao do poder local e dos representantes da sociedade civil. A pesquisa e de natureza qualitativa, descritiva e exploratoria, tendo como unidade de analise o municipio de Independencia localizado no estado do Ceara. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 29 atores chaves, representantes do poder publico e da sociedade civil. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que prevalece, na gestao ambiental do municipio de Independencia, uma concepcao defensiva e setorial, onde a integracao e viabilizada de forma parcial.