Muhammad Aftab

Exchange-rate volatility and Malaysian-Thai bilateral industry trade flows

Purpose After the fall of fix exchange rate regime in early 1970s, the nexus between the exchange rate volatility and trade flows has been of a great interest to the policy makers and researchers. Resultantly an extensive literature is available on the topic. However, the research findings are inconclusiveness so far. The purpose of this paper is to examine the exchange-rate volatility and bilateral industry trade link between the two important countries of Southeast Asia, i.e. Malaysia and Thailand. Design/methodology/approach This study employs Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) (1, 1) to measure exchange rate volatility and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to study the relationship between exchange rate volatility and trade flows. ARDL approach is suitable to accommodate the mix cases (i.e. stationary and first difference stationary). The paper considers 62 Malaysian exporting and 60 Malaysian importing industries with Thailand over the monthly period 2000-2013. Findings Findings suggest the influence of exchange-rate volatility on the trade flows in a limited number of industries. Large industries like instruments and apparatus experience negative influence from exchange-rate volatility. Originality/value Past literature continued to be inconclusiveness on the nexus between exchange-rate volatility and trade flows due to its over-reliance on the aggregated data. Besides, the past studies are more based on quarterly or yearly frequency data. These issues contribute to the aggregation bias. This research focusses on a country bilateral trade pair, using industry level disaggregated monthly data. Such research is rare in Malaysian-Thai bilateral trade context. This study uses a suitable estimation approach and also draws valuable implications.

A survey of communication technologies for smart grid connectivity

The traditional electric power system is examining a transformation process to an intelligent, efficient, and cost-effective smart grid (SG) system. The SG has different subsystems for its accurate functionality. Among these subsystems, the communication subsystem plays a vital role for real-time data sharing between devices and systems connected in SG domain. In this paper, a survey of smart communication subsystem is provided and several communication technologies that have strong potential for implementation in future SG applications by electric utility companies are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each communication technology in the SG domain are also presented. Finally, a hybrid communication model is suggested for reliable communication between smart meters and control system in the SG.

Impact of exchange rate volatility on sectoral exports of Pakistan: an ARDL investigation

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of exchange rate volatility at sectoral level on the exports trade of Pakistan. All the sectors involved in the export trade (proposed by the State Bank of Pakistan, by commodity), were used to study this relationship at a more minute level., – Quarterly data regarding research were collected over the period 2003 to 2010 from databases of State Bank of Pakistan and International Monetary Fund financial statistics. The bound testing approach proposed by Pesaran et al., was used to study the relationship between sectoral export and exchange rate volatility, while augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron tests were used to test the unit root of series and GARCH,proposed by Bollerslev, was used to study exchange rate volatility., – The results show that exports are negatively influenced by exchange rate volatility and relative prices while positively affected by foreign income. This relationship holds for all sectors where bound testing revealed the existence of long‐ run relationship, although some equations results were not statistically significant., – The papers findings can be used to form such policies which result in a stabilized and competitive exchange rate, so that Pakistans exports can be increased., – Previous studies have been conducted on aggregated data set for exports in the Pakistani context, which hinders pertinent information; however this information is possible by studying disaggregated data. The paper fills a research gap by taking sectoral level data, to divulge the behavior of individual sectors against exchange rate volatility.

Dynamics between currency and equity in Chinese markets

Purpose – This study aims to examine the dynamics between exchange rate and equities contextualizing the current liberal currency regime in China. This investigation also extends the analysis to explore the potential important factors influencing the interactions between these two markets. After exchange rate reforms, currency issue has emerged as a new dimension in portfolio decisions and diversification strategies in Chinese equity markets. Design/methodology/approach – This research uses the dynamic conditional correlation generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model proposed by Engle (2002) to explore the dynamic interactions between the currency and stock markets. Further, the paper uses regression analysis to explore the explanatory channels of the correlation. The sample comprises 1,265 listed companies over the period 2005-2012 with daily, weekly and monthly observations. To make analysis robust, the study also considers different exchange rates and equities belonging to differe...

Exchange-rate variability and industry trade flows between Malaysia and Japan

This research investigates the exchange-rate risk sensitivity of Malaysian bilateral trade flows with its important trading partner, Japan. To this end, bounds testing approach to co-integration is applied using industry level data over the monthly period 2000–2013. Findings suggest that above the one-third of the total co-integrated export (43.86%) and import (34.54%), industries experiences the ringgit/yen variability effect in the short run. However, this effect sustains in relatively less number of export (14.03%) and import (32.73%) industries in the long run. It is interesting to note that exchange-rate risk boosts trade flows in the majority of these affected industries.

Design and Implementation of Computationally Efficient MC-CDMA Transceiver and Performance Analysis in Fading Channels

This paper describes an optimal design of Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) based transceiver in terms of complexity and number of computations for different fading environments. The performance gap between OFDM, MC differential-CDMA and proposed optimal MC-CDMA transceiver is evaluated for spectral efficiency and PSNR in different fading environments and results proved that proposed transceiver provided much efficient robustness against hostile frequency selective fading, high spectral efficiency and frequency diversity. The proposed algorithm was assessed dually in terms of simulations in MATLAB and implementation on DSP kit for real time data.

A new perspective on the third-country effect: The case of Malaysia–US industry-level trade

ABSTRACT Cushman suggested that impact of exchange rate volatility declines after the inclusion of the third-country effect. Like Cushman, when we use a linear analysis, we confirm his results. However, when we engage in asymmetric effects of exchange rate volatility which requires including nonlinear adjustment of volatility measures, the findings show more support to both exchange rate volatility influence and the third-country effect. Therefore, we propose that in examining exchange rate volatility effect on trade, consideration must be given to not just asymmetric effects of exchange rate volatility but also asymmetric effects of the third-country effect. We demonstrate these findings using monthly data from 54 Malaysian industries that export to the US and 63 Malaysian industries that import from the US.

Asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes on the Malaysia-China commodity trade

Previous research that considered the response of the trade balance between Malaysia and China to exchange rate changes used a linear model and did not find any significant long-run link. Suspecting that the results suffer from aggregation bias as well as ignoring nonlinear adjustment of the exchange rate, we consider the trade balance of 59 industries that trade between the two countries and use a nonlinear ARDL model to show that almost 1/3rd of the industries are affected by ringgit depreciation against yuan, in an asymmetric manner. The largest industry which accounts for more than 25% of the trade is found to benefit from ringgit depreciation but not hurt from appreciation. In total, 15 industries that account for 40% of the trade enjoy this property.

Asymmetric Effects of Exchange Rate Changes and the J-curve: New Evidence from 61 Malaysia–Thailand Industries

Research on the impact of currency depreciation on the trade balance is now moving in a new direction by incorporating nonlinear dynamic adjustment of the exchange rate and by using a nonlinear approach to error‐correction modeling and cointegration. Using these advances, researchers find not only more evidence of the J‐curve effect, but also new evidence of asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes on the trade balance. We contribute to this line of research by using monthly trade flow data from 61 two‐digit industries that trade between Malaysia and Thailand, and show that not only does currency depreciation have favorable effects on the trade balance of more industries, but the long‐run effects are asymmetric in 26 out of 61 cases. In line with current literature, our nonlinear model performs much better than the linear model when industry level data are used.

Malaysia–Korea Commodity Trade: Are there Asymmetric Responses to Exchange Rate Changes?

We consider the trade balance of each of the fifty-five industries that trade between Malaysia and Korea and engage in asymmetry analysis. We find that the short-run effects of exchange rate changes are asymmetric in all industries. However, significant short-run cumulative or impact asymmetric effects are established only in thirteen industries and significant adjustment asymmetry in twenty-one industries. Finally, significant long-run asymmetric effects were evidenced in eighteen industries which included the two largest industries that engage in more than 20 per cent of trade between Malaysia and Korea. Clearly, the results are industry specific and should be extended to other countries.