Murat Maden

Comparative investigation of 2 rotary nickel-titanium instruments: protaper universal versus protaper

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the changes in the design of the ProTaper canal instruments contribute to the shaping ability of the instrument in terms of the morphology of curved canals measured by the cross-sectional area using the Bramante method. STUDY DESIGN Ten extracted human mandibular molars with root canal curvatures between 25 degrees and 41 degrees were used. Ten mesiobuccal canals were instrumented with ProTaper and 10 mesiolingual canals were instrumented with ProTaper Universal rotary instruments. Pre- and postoperative sections were obtained from the coronal, middle, and apical portions and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test (P < .05). RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of amount of dentin removed, transportation, variation of canal shape factor or change in working length, and working time (P > .05). Only one instrument fracture (F2 in the ProTaper group) and 2 instrument deformations (S1 and F3 in ProTaper and ProTaper Universal, respectively) were noted. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the modifications on ProTaper instruments were found to not create any discrepancy on the shaping abilities of instruments and the evaluated other factors. In addition, both rotary nickel-titanium instruments prepared a well-shaped root canal with minimal canal transportation.

Odontoblast‐like cell numbers and reparative dentine thickness after direct pulp capping with platelet‐rich plasma and enamel matrix derivative: a histomorphometric evaluation

AIM To collect quantitative information about the numbers of odontoblast-like cells and reparative dentine thickness after direct pulp capping with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD). METHODOLOGY The experiment was conducted on 36 Wistar albino rats and a total of 144 incisor teeth. Calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate, PRP and EMD were applied as direct capping agents on the pulps of 96 incisors (n = 24). Positive and negative control groups were created on the remaining 48 incisors. The teeth were extracted on the 7th and 28th days. After routine histological preparation, cross-sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The numbers of the odontoblast-like cells were measured histomorphometrically on day 7 and day 28. The thickness of the reparative dentine was also measured. The number of odontoblast-like cells was also measured beneath the dentine bridge. The normal distribution of all data was tested with the Mann-Whitney U test. The statistical differences between groups were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The mean number of odontoblast-like cells increased between day 7 and 28 following pulp exposure (P > 0.01) in all groups except for the EMD group (P < 0.01), when compared with both the experimental and negative control groups (P < 0.01). Reparative dentine formation was observed in all groups of teeth (P > 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Reparative dentine formation was observed, but with no significant difference between the groups. Odontoblast-like cells were observed in association with the outcome of pulps capped with PRP and EMD. PRP and EMD are possible capping agents that influence the thickness of reparative dentine formation.

Radiculomegaly of permanent canines: report of endodontic treatment in OFCD syndrome

AIM To present a case describing the endodontic treatment of a permanent canine with radiculomegaly and to draw the attention of the endodontic community to this rare anomaly. SUMMARY Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant syndrome characterized by canine teeth with extremely large roots (radiculomegaly), dental abnormalities, congenital cataracts, dysmorphic facial features and congenital heart disease. The diagnosis of this syndrome is difficult. Unique and specific symptoms, which can be diagnosed by an endodontist or a general dentist, are present in the dental, skeletal, ocular and cardiac structures. Worldwide, only 20 cases of this syndrome have been reported to date. The patient presented in this study was a 17-years-old girl with a mandibular right canine (47.5mm) tooth with two canals. KEY LEARNING POINTS   •  Clinicians should be aware of anatomical variations in cases with OFCD syndrome. •  Root canal treatment in such cases is challenging. •  In general, the majority of mandibular canines have one root and root canal, but 15% may have two canals, and a smaller number may have two distinct roots.

Rapid tissue dissolution efficiency of electrically-activated sodium hypochlorite on bovine muscle

Objective: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a common antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving irrigant. The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate and compare dissolution capacities of sodium hypochlorite solutions after electrically activation (E-NaOCl) on bovine muscle specimens at various time periods and concentrations. Materials and Methods: Three sodium hypochlorite solutions of 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% were tested at 3-min. and 5-min. with and without activation by electrically. Distilled water and NaOCl solutions without electrically activation were used as controls. Pieces of bovine muscle tissue (34 ± 2 mg) were placed in 10 mL of each solution at room temperature. In the group of E-NaOCl, electrically activation was performed through the potentiostat. The tissue specimens were weighed before and after treatment, and the percentage of weight loss was calculated. Results: Weight loss of the tissue increased with the concentration of E-NaOCl and NaOCl. Higher concentration and electrically activation considerably enhanced the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite. The effect of electrically activation on tissue dissolution was much greater than that of same concentrations in the groups of NaOCl (P < 0.001). Tissue weight loss was significantly higher in 2.5% and 5% E-NaOCl at 3 min. than in 2.5% and 5% NaOCl at 5 min. (P < 0.05). There were not any significant differences between the 2.5% E-NaOCl and 5% NaOCl at 5 min. (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Electrically activation can improve the tissue-dissolving effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite.

Enhancing antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite by low electric current-assisted sonic agitation

Background This research focused on the effects of low electric current (μE)-assisted sonic agitation of sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis infected human root dentin. Methods Extracted human canine roots were instrumented, sterilized, and experimentally contaminated with E. faecalis. After incubation for 21 days, the presence of the biofilm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (n = 3). Roots were randomly divided into seven groups according to decontamination procedures: G1: no treatment; G2: sterile saline; G3: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite; G4: passive ultrasonic irrigation; G5: EndoActivator (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) agitation (EA); G6: μE agitation; and G7: μE-assisted sonic agitation. Fixed μE amperage and intensities were applied in G6 and G7. Following microbial sampling, bacterial colonies were counted using the direct plating method. Results Biofilm was not eradicated in any sample. The μE-assisted sonic agitation of sodium hypochlorite revealed the lowest cfu values (p<0.05), whereas there were no significant differences among the passive ultrasonic irrigation, EndoActivator and μE agitation alone (p>0.05). Conclusions Based on available evidence, the following conclusions were drawn: The μE-assisted sonic agitation increased the antibiofilm efficiency of sodium hypochlorite than passive ultrasonic irrigation and EndoActivator. The μE-assisted sonic agitation on 5.25% sodium hypochlorite is not capable to eradicate biofilms at 10mA energy level in 60s.

Dens İnvajinatuslu Dişlere Endodontik Yaklaşım: Olgu Serisi

Giris: Gelisimsel dental anomalilerin sekil bozukluklarindan olan dens invajinatus disin gelisimi esnasinda mine organinin ice dogru katlanmasiyla meydana gelir. Dis gelisimi sirasinda kron veya kokte olusabilir, pulpayi ve kok kanalini icerebilir. En cok maksiller lateral kesici dislerde gorulur. Klinikte kron morfolojisi cogunlukla normal gorunen dens invajinatus genellikle radyografik olarak teshis edilir. Bu olgu serisinde amacimiz dens invajinatuslu dislerde farkli endodontik tedavi metotlarini sunmaktir. Olgu raporu: Maksiller lateral kesici dislerinde iki tanesi Tip I ve digeri Tip II dens invajinatus ile birlikte periapikal lezyon teshis edilen uc olgu sunuldu. Tip II vakalarindan birine apikal endodontik cerrahi uygulandi. Diger iki olguya konvansiyonel endodontik tedavi uygulandi. Sonuc: Bu raporda sundugumuz olgular 12 ay sureyle takip edildi,klinik ve radyografik olarak basarili bir endodontik tedavi gozlendi. Tartisma: Dens invajinatuslu dislerin klinik acidan onemi, anormal morfolojisi sebebiyle invajinasyon alaninin plak retansiyonuna neden olup curuk, periodontal enflamasyon ve pulpa nekrozu riskini artirmasidir. Anahtar kelimeler: Dens invajinatus, kok kanal tedavisi, MTA

Effects of dissolving solutions on the accuracy of an electronic apex locator-integrated endodontic handpiece.

The effects of three dissolving agents on the accuracy of an electronic apex locator- (EAL-) integrated endodontic handpiece during retreatment procedures were evaluated. The true lengths (TLs) of 56 extracted incisor teeth were determined visually. Twenty teeth were filled with gutta-percha and a resin-based sealer (group A), 20 with gutta-percha and a zinc oxide/eugenol-based sealer (group B), and 16 roots were used as the control group (group C). All roots were prepared to TL. Guttasolv, Resosolv, and Endosolv E were used as the dissolving solutions. Two evaluations of the handpiece were performed: the apical accuracy during the auto reverse function (ARL) and the apex locator function (EL) alone. The ARL function of the handpiece gave acceptable results. There were significant differences between the EL mode measurements and the TL (P < 0.05). In these comparisons, Tri Auto ZX EL mode measurements were significantly shorter than those of the TL.

Eğe iletkenliği ile Root ZX elektronik apeks bulucu doğruluğunun ilişkisi

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator and conductivity of hand files. Material & Method: A group of 47, extracted maxillary anterior teeth were used. Each tooth was mounted in an alginate model so that an electronic apex locator could be used to measure canal length with four different hand ISO 15 K-file groups. All file groups were tested for electrical conductivity using the four-point probe method (n=188). The relationship between the accuracy of Root ZX and electrical conductivity of the files was analysed with Kruskal Wallis at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Whilst 34% of samples were short of the control working length, the highest conductivity values were obtained in Group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: For the conductivity results, there was correlation between accuracy of the Root ZX apex locator and the conductivity of hand files. However clinical trials that involve further apex locators and files of observations are needed. Keywords: Electrical Conductivity, Nickel-Titanium Alloy, Stainless Steel.