Musa Hubeis

Kajian Program Penyaluran Kredit Usaha Kecil Melalui Program Kemitraan (Kasus PT BNI dengan Lembaga Pendamping IPB)

This program of partnership conducted by BUMN (as builder), in this case PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. (Bank BNI) and small business as foster partner work along with Bogor Bridge Agricultural University (IPB) represent institution of government having function as bridge institution, and also give recommendation for group of small (medium enterprise) to become candidate of foster partner. Target of this study in general is to analyze pattern channeling of credit to small entrepreneur through program of partnership of BUMN and strategy of development partnership conducted by Bank BNI Bogor Small Credit Central unit with Advocacy Institute IPB. Data collecting conducted by interview to get secondary and primary data from small medium enterprises (SME or UKM) by using questioner instrument form, observation and study of bibliography to learn and study the problems. The number of respondent consist of 75 respondent divided in two, 50 respondent from IPB partner of construct and 25 respondent from non IPB partner of construct. Data obtained in the primary and secondary data form, than analyzed descriptively to determine internal weaknesses and strengths, and also opportunities and threats of externals company. Further analysis was done by using the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), Externals Factor Evaluation (EFE), matrix Internal Externals (IE) and also analyze matrix Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) to formulate alternative of strategy of partnership in Credit of Partner of BUMN (KKB) supporting program. Result of the study indicated an internal factor influencing KKB program is proffering procedure and condition which is easy. Externals factor influencing KKB program is market UKM potency which still be big and the number of competitor from bank of a kind BUMN and also private sector. Given the partner link condition and position from result matrix analyze IE, can be compiled by some partner strategy alternative KKB supporting program, that are : (1) expense credit management process like administration expense, (2) adding administrative personnel outsourcing (3) more intensive promotion through various media and (4) performing socialization about KKB by inviting all client from UKM group. Strategy expected can realize partnership target, that is create UKM selfsupporting and taft. Keywords : Bank BNI, IPB, SME/UKM, SWOT, KKB, strategy

Analisis Pengaruh Pemberian Kredit terhadap Kinerja Debitur Mikro : Kasus pada ULM ABC, PT Bank XYZ di Jakarta

Reverse osmosis (RO) system is a system that capable in generating pure water at the purity level of 99.99%. The superiority of this system is pure water with high level oxygen contained therein that could strengthen cells and organs of the body, also increasing the body resistance and healing system. The objectives of this study are as follows : (1) To study the feasibility of ozonisation purify system; (2) To analyze financial feasibility at the side of production, marketing and mixed marketing as well as operational management. The method used in this study is a case study with descriptive analysis (quantitative or qualitative). Data analyzing and processing were carried out by Microsoft Excel application, performed in tabulation form. The investment capital which is required for AMDIU based RO system scope business is for the amount of Rp. 153.300.000,-, while for AMDIU based ozonisation system required the amount of capital for Rp. 99.700.000,-. Financial feasibility criteria for AMDIU based RO system has PBP value (2.42 years), BEP (38.330 galon), NPV obtained for 4 years is Rp. 11.218.921,60, B/C ratio (1.09) and IRR (17.91%). The selling price decreasing of AMDIU based RO system technology is 10% and production cost increasing will remain reasonable to be efforted, while at AMDIU based ozonisation technology system the 10% decreasing of selling price makes business unworthed to be executed. The other alternatives of policy for AMDIU business development are : (1) Increase distribution net productivity effort with material or industry product supplier company in order to increase selling; (2) To be really pay attention on quality and product continuity (3) To increase cooperation with banking institution and to take benefit from capitalization facilities in order to strengthen investment capital and working capital.The objective of this study was to observe the application of system quality management (SQM) at PT Sapukurata Kharisma by applying eight principles of quality management as well as the effect on the improvement of PT Sapukurata Kharisma performance. In this study, data and information was collected, and the observation to analyze the factors that affect the dynamics of the company performance was also conducted. In this study, work questionnaire method was used as an instrument, meanwhile descriptive analysis was used for data processing. This study showed that PT Sapukurata Kharisma was a small-medium enterprise which had been applying SQM since 2002. Based on the average questionnaire, the percentage of SQM application at PT. Sapukurata Kharisma in 2004 was 77.50%. The details of the study could be described further as follow : companyA¢â‚¬â„¢s customer orientation was 69.14%, leadership level was 90.86%, employee involvement was 72.67%, process approach was 77.71%, approach system in management was 80%, continual innovation was 86.14%, data and information-based decision making was 90.86% and mutual relationship with suppliers was 53.71%. The companyA¢â‚¬â„¢s profit increased by 13.23% in average per year from 2001 to 2004, average profit margin was 6.93% per year. There were also improvements at the human resource manager level through ISO 9000 training, quality awareness, computer, strategic management, tax and financial analysis. Based on the results of the data analysis, we concluded that the SQM application is the most important factor in the company dynamics with score 5; the second factor is the competition of the cleaning appliance products namely 3.8; the third factor is capital increase, score 3; the fourth factor is the political and economic condition of a country, score 2 and the fifth is human resources factors, score 1. Based on the results of the SQM application analysis in the company, it is found that there is a significant increase in the company performance (total value and profit). The analysis of dynamic factors affecting a company performance suggests that there is a positive correlation between the application of SQM and a company performance.Trichodermin has antifungal activity against Ganoderma boninense, but it is volatile andxa0insoluble in water. Research on trichodermin as antifungal G.boninense has been done, but not yetxa0at the stage of altering the nature of the compound. This study aims to develop trichodermin as antifungalxa0G. boninense in the form of nanoenkapsulat with observed aspects including formulation,xa0encapsulation, characterization, and antifungal activity. Trichodermin is extracted from Trichodermaxa0harzianum by maceration. Nanoemulsion is made using Emulsion Inversion Point (EIP) method andxa0encapsulation is done by spray drying. Antifungal activity was tested using a modified dual culturexa0assay method. The results showed the rendement of trichodermin extraction of 0.70%. The best nanoemulsionxa0formula is nanoemulsion with Tween 80 concentrations of 75% of the total organic phase.xa0The formula nanoemulsi has a size of 231.95 nm, polydispersity index of 0.348, and zeta potential ofxa0-35.6 mV. Encapsulation has a yield of 5.79%. The encapsulated powder has a moisture content ofxa05.79%, contains a typical functional group of trichodermin compounds, and is round with an unevenxa0surface. The antioxidant activity of nano-trichodermin encapsulation is higher than trichodermin extract and positive control (hexaconazole) with PIRG value of 84.40%.Melastoma affine plant has effect on health such as curing wound and toothache, also as an antimalarial drug. The fruit of this plant is purple and probably contain secondary metabolite compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. The total amount of both compounds may be different in unripe and ripe fruit. The aims of this research were to analyze secondary metabolite compounds and determine total phenol and total flavonoid of Melastoma affine fruit extract. The samples used in this study were unripe and ripe Melastoma affine fruits. Both of samples were extracted by three different solvents (water, 70% ethanol, and 96% ethanol) and obtained 6 extracts. Based on phytochemical test, each extract from unripe and ripe Melastoma affine fruit contained alkaloid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, phenol, and tanin. The extract with highest total phenols was 70% ethanolic extract from unripe fruit (189.56 mg/g GAE), while the extract with highest total flavonoids was 96% ethanolic extract from unripe fruit (225.50 mg/g CE). Based on this result, we conclude that unripe fruit of Melastoma affine has more total phenols and total flavonoids than ripe fruit.CV. Harbinan is a producer of the hang locked which is on artistic material, using scorpion and other insect as models. This company is the kind of small and medium enterprise which can accelerate the development of economic through a role in increasing the national income and to suport the structure of national industry. The method used in this case is a, descriptive analysis to show the real condition, analyzed by SWOT, to know strengths-weaknesses (SW), opportunities and threats (OT). The development of the technique accumulate data through library research method, interview with the personel of the company asking specific question comply with the research. The result of the interview showed that CV. Harbinan is a small and medium enterprise has produce 21.000 hang locked per month with sale about Rp. 535,500,000 per month. Production of CV. Harbinan relies on customer necessity and made more to order. Based on Matrix IE, CV Harbinan exists in the cell V which is described as held and maintance area, so a strategy at that condition is intensive strategy (market penetration or developing product). SWOT analysis based on internal and external factor could find the total score matrix IFE which was 2,505(factory had average internal position) and total score matrix EFE was 2,073 (factory had medium external position).During the economic crisis, agriculture was the sector that was able to survive and overcome the crisis. The sub-sector of fisheries had the opportunity to contribute to the growth of the Indonesian economy. The fishery products of Indonesia have strong demand in domestic, regional, and international markets. The interdependency between big agricultural enterprises and fishermen in developing fisheries will improve efficiency as well as business opportunities and income through partnership. Partnership is performed to make use of the economic scale condition, where marketing activities and the provision of production facilities will be more efficient when they are performed by a big business scale, and the production activities are more efficient when they are performed by a small business scale. One form of the partnership between a big agribusiness and a small one is the partnership between XYZ Inc. and the fishermen of Muara Angke, which is based on mutual willingness to create efficiency and benefit, as well as to support the government program in empowering small and medium entrepreneurs, and co-operatives. In the partnership between XYZ Inc. and the fishermen of Muara Angke, the fishermen perform their role to catch fish while XYZ Inc. acts as the advisor and the agent to market the products. The enterprise puts its great attention to the improvement of the fishermenA¢â‚¬â„¢s capability; thus, it offers a number of assistance in the form of either technical and managerial guidance, or financial assistance. According to the results of the analysis using logistic regression, the factors affecting the fishermenA¢â‚¬â„¢s decision to continue the partnership are the ages of fishermen, their experience, the level of education, the status of ship ownership, the production volume generated by the fishermen and their involvement in the group. Through the partnership, the fishermen get a number of benefits, such as: (1) obtaining capital assistance, (2) gaining facilities in selling their products, (3) receiving cash for their products sold, (4) getting assurance that XYZ Inc. accommodates all the fish they catch. Similarly, the benefits that XYZ Inc. gets include: (1) getting assurance that the fish supply is continually available, (2) receiving profit from selling the fish and providing production facilities for fishermen, (3) getting credit facilities from the bank. From the analysis on the conditions of partnership agents, it is revealed that the condition of the enterprise tends to show its strengths on the factors of marketing, finance, and human resources, while its weaknesses lie on the management, technology, marketing and capital. From the analysis on the selection of partnership patterns between the two agents, it is known that the partnership pattern is nucleus A¢â‚¬â€œ plasma. Such nucleus A¢â‚¬â€œ plasma pattern is considered to be the most effective by both agents, considering the conditions of the farmers who still need assistance from the enterprise in terms of production facilities, and both technical and non-technical guidance from the enterprises considered to have more experience in running fishery business on a big scale. Moreover, the fishermen also want to have assurance in the market demand especially when their catch is abundant. In practice, the nucleus A¢â‚¬â€œ plasma partnership pattern between the enterprise and fishermen requires operational monitoring by making written agreement between both parties cooperating. This written agreement not only states the rights and duties of each agent, but also includes the partnership regulations that state the type of products the fishermen will sell to their enterprise partner, the quality standard, the amount and the period of sale, means of collecting and transporting, setting prices, payment method and sanction or fine for any breakage of the agreement.Based on past perfomance of XYZ Bank, the absorption of SME loan are setting lower for almost last five years. Its Lower SME loan realize that given by XYZ Bank compared with specified goals show the importance of the study, because from result of survey conducted by XYZ Bank to business centre got existing business XYZ Bank lower of loan market share. For that conducted analysis of SME loan to develop marketing strategy in Business Centre of Cipulir, Jakarta. The objectives of this study are : (1) Identifying potency of loan exist in Sentra Business of Market Cipulir, (2) Calculating estimation of market potency XYZ Bank of exist in Sentra Business Cipulir Market by using amount of loan given approach, (3) Identifying factors becoming elementary constraint in development of credit at Sentra Business of Market Cipulir, and also (4) Compiling of efficient and effective marketing strategy through Cluster Pattern. Business Centre in general is place gather business unit in one area geografic of business and conceived of Cluster. Cluster analysis is an technique used to classify events or target into group which is same relative by certain criteria. Survey conducted in cluster of Cipulir market with 336 responder at random. This matter to know characteristic of business in sentra. Pursuant to result of conducted analysis, obtained : (1) Potency of SME loan in Business Sentra of Market Cipulir Rp. 162 Billion, so that assessed very mean to become goals to Bank XYZ in improving or developing volume of SME loan, (2) Estimation of XYZ Bank market share in Business Sentra of Cipulir Market is very small (0,97%), showing to weaken market penetration and acquisition market conducted by XYZ Bank, (3) Existing constraints in the form of service, conditions of loan and guarantee constraint, (4) Strategy becoming priority to be done is through penetration and acquisition of market with Pattern of Cluster, doing activity of promotion consistenly, optimize of existing Small Business Centre and work along with BPR/KOPERASI in lending to merchant at Cipulir Market. While which must be allowed for to guarantee continuity of development SME credit is : (1) Extending network of marketing around sentra business, (2) Exploiting technological progress to increase assess to sell credit product, (3) Giving incentive to all marketing officer capable to reach goals of loan in sentra business, and (4) Developing simply credit analyse model with standard conditions and accomodate cordage of guarantee of exist in sentra of the business.Quite big potentials of micro entrepreneur community have not been exploited by formal banking practices due to unbankable market and other accompanying weaknesses. In practice, the micro segments of non-standard banking can survive from the crisis better than the sectors falling under the standard banking. Before the crisis in 1997, most of the credit portfolios in BNI was allocated to finance middle scale and big scale entrepreneurs, while the bank seemed to barely assist the micro entrepreneurs through its credits. In fact, the micro entrepreneurs could survive in 1997. Based on the existing facts, and in line with the letter of establishment of the board of directors of PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. No. KP/041/DIR/R dated 27 February 2002, Micro Bank Unit was established to take care of the need of micro entrepreneurs both for fund and for banking services. The 2001 yearly report of BNI shows that medium and small scale businesses have relatively greater survival rates in facing crisis, which can be shown in the following credit composition : Year Segment Percentage (%) 2000 Corporate 68.75 Small and Medium Scale 31.25 2001 Corporate 63.10 Small and Medium Scale 36.90 In 2003 the credit composition above was expected to be equal with the percentage of 50 % each. As of 31 October, 2002 the outstanding micro credit of BNI was as much as IDR 113 billion or 78.65 % of the target and in December it was IDR 144 billion, with the collectibility rate of 99.37 %, with the number of customers reaching 12.308 and the number of ULM as many as 76 units. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) and Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning (STP) were analyzed based on the results of 500 questionnaires distributed through the branch offices to determine the marketing strategies of micro credit. The tools and strategies are as follows : 1) The organization administering micro credit, 2) Micro credit profile, 3) The marketing areas of micro credit, 4) The analysis tools, using the concept of 2C (character and capacity), 5) The street banker model, which is a blend of money lenders, pawn shops and commercial banks, 6) The street banker work ethics that are appropriate with the culture and character of each region, 7) The marketing strategies of micro credit A¢â‚¬â€œ both organic and inorganic.

Kajian Pengembangan Unit Usaha Klinik Hemodialisa Skala Usaha Kecil Menengah Berbasis Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan

Reverse osmosis (RO) system is a system that capable in generating pure water at the purity level of 99.99%. The superiority of this system is pure water with high level oxygen contained therein that could strengthen cells and organs of the body, also increasing the body resistance and healing system. The objectives of this study are as follows : (1) To study the feasibility of ozonisation purify system; (2) To analyze financial feasibility at the side of production, marketing and mixed marketing as well as operational management. The method used in this study is a case study with descriptive analysis (quantitative or qualitative). Data analyzing and processing were carried out by Microsoft Excel application, performed in tabulation form. The investment capital which is required for AMDIU based RO system scope business is for the amount of Rp. 153.300.000,-, while for AMDIU based ozonisation system required the amount of capital for Rp. 99.700.000,-. Financial feasibility criteria for AMDIU based RO system has PBP value (2.42 years), BEP (38.330 galon), NPV obtained for 4 years is Rp. 11.218.921,60, B/C ratio (1.09) and IRR (17.91%). The selling price decreasing of AMDIU based RO system technology is 10% and production cost increasing will remain reasonable to be efforted, while at AMDIU based ozonisation technology system the 10% decreasing of selling price makes business unworthed to be executed. The other alternatives of policy for AMDIU business development are : (1) Increase distribution net productivity effort with material or industry product supplier company in order to increase selling; (2) To be really pay attention on quality and product continuity (3) To increase cooperation with banking institution and to take benefit from capitalization facilities in order to strengthen investment capital and working capital.The objective of this study was to observe the application of system quality management (SQM) at PT Sapukurata Kharisma by applying eight principles of quality management as well as the effect on the improvement of PT Sapukurata Kharisma performance. In this study, data and information was collected, and the observation to analyze the factors that affect the dynamics of the company performance was also conducted. In this study, work questionnaire method was used as an instrument, meanwhile descriptive analysis was used for data processing. This study showed that PT Sapukurata Kharisma was a small-medium enterprise which had been applying SQM since 2002. Based on the average questionnaire, the percentage of SQM application at PT. Sapukurata Kharisma in 2004 was 77.50%. The details of the study could be described further as follow : companyA¢â‚¬â„¢s customer orientation was 69.14%, leadership level was 90.86%, employee involvement was 72.67%, process approach was 77.71%, approach system in management was 80%, continual innovation was 86.14%, data and information-based decision making was 90.86% and mutual relationship with suppliers was 53.71%. The companyA¢â‚¬â„¢s profit increased by 13.23% in average per year from 2001 to 2004, average profit margin was 6.93% per year. There were also improvements at the human resource manager level through ISO 9000 training, quality awareness, computer, strategic management, tax and financial analysis. Based on the results of the data analysis, we concluded that the SQM application is the most important factor in the company dynamics with score 5; the second factor is the competition of the cleaning appliance products namely 3.8; the third factor is capital increase, score 3; the fourth factor is the political and economic condition of a country, score 2 and the fifth is human resources factors, score 1. Based on the results of the SQM application analysis in the company, it is found that there is a significant increase in the company performance (total value and profit). The analysis of dynamic factors affecting a company performance suggests that there is a positive correlation between the application of SQM and a company performance.Trichodermin has antifungal activity against Ganoderma boninense, but it is volatile andxa0insoluble in water. Research on trichodermin as antifungal G.boninense has been done, but not yetxa0at the stage of altering the nature of the compound. This study aims to develop trichodermin as antifungalxa0G. boninense in the form of nanoenkapsulat with observed aspects including formulation,xa0encapsulation, characterization, and antifungal activity. Trichodermin is extracted from Trichodermaxa0harzianum by maceration. Nanoemulsion is made using Emulsion Inversion Point (EIP) method andxa0encapsulation is done by spray drying. Antifungal activity was tested using a modified dual culturexa0assay method. The results showed the rendement of trichodermin extraction of 0.70%. The best nanoemulsionxa0formula is nanoemulsion with Tween 80 concentrations of 75% of the total organic phase.xa0The formula nanoemulsi has a size of 231.95 nm, polydispersity index of 0.348, and zeta potential ofxa0-35.6 mV. Encapsulation has a yield of 5.79%. The encapsulated powder has a moisture content ofxa05.79%, contains a typical functional group of trichodermin compounds, and is round with an unevenxa0surface. The antioxidant activity of nano-trichodermin encapsulation is higher than trichodermin extract and positive control (hexaconazole) with PIRG value of 84.40%.Melastoma affine plant has effect on health such as curing wound and toothache, also as an antimalarial drug. The fruit of this plant is purple and probably contain secondary metabolite compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. The total amount of both compounds may be different in unripe and ripe fruit. The aims of this research were to analyze secondary metabolite compounds and determine total phenol and total flavonoid of Melastoma affine fruit extract. The samples used in this study were unripe and ripe Melastoma affine fruits. Both of samples were extracted by three different solvents (water, 70% ethanol, and 96% ethanol) and obtained 6 extracts. Based on phytochemical test, each extract from unripe and ripe Melastoma affine fruit contained alkaloid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, phenol, and tanin. The extract with highest total phenols was 70% ethanolic extract from unripe fruit (189.56 mg/g GAE), while the extract with highest total flavonoids was 96% ethanolic extract from unripe fruit (225.50 mg/g CE). Based on this result, we conclude that unripe fruit of Melastoma affine has more total phenols and total flavonoids than ripe fruit.CV. Harbinan is a producer of the hang locked which is on artistic material, using scorpion and other insect as models. This company is the kind of small and medium enterprise which can accelerate the development of economic through a role in increasing the national income and to suport the structure of national industry. The method used in this case is a, descriptive analysis to show the real condition, analyzed by SWOT, to know strengths-weaknesses (SW), opportunities and threats (OT). The development of the technique accumulate data through library research method, interview with the personel of the company asking specific question comply with the research. The result of the interview showed that CV. Harbinan is a small and medium enterprise has produce 21.000 hang locked per month with sale about Rp. 535,500,000 per month. Production of CV. Harbinan relies on customer necessity and made more to order. Based on Matrix IE, CV Harbinan exists in the cell V which is described as held and maintance area, so a strategy at that condition is intensive strategy (market penetration or developing product). SWOT analysis based on internal and external factor could find the total score matrix IFE which was 2,505(factory had average internal position) and total score matrix EFE was 2,073 (factory had medium external position).During the economic crisis, agriculture was the sector that was able to survive and overcome the crisis. The sub-sector of fisheries had the opportunity to contribute to the growth of the Indonesian economy. The fishery products of Indonesia have strong demand in domestic, regional, and international markets. The interdependency between big agricultural enterprises and fishermen in developing fisheries will improve efficiency as well as business opportunities and income through partnership. Partnership is performed to make use of the economic scale condition, where marketing activities and the provision of production facilities will be more efficient when they are performed by a big business scale, and the production activities are more efficient when they are performed by a small business scale. One form of the partnership between a big agribusiness and a small one is the partnership between XYZ Inc. and the fishermen of Muara Angke, which is based on mutual willingness to create efficiency and benefit, as well as to support the government program in empowering small and medium entrepreneurs, and co-operatives. In the partnership between XYZ Inc. and the fishermen of Muara Angke, the fishermen perform their role to catch fish while XYZ Inc. acts as the advisor and the agent to market the products. The enterprise puts its great attention to the improvement of the fishermenA¢â‚¬â„¢s capability; thus, it offers a number of assistance in the form of either technical and managerial guidance, or financial assistance. According to the results of the analysis using logistic regression, the factors affecting the fishermenA¢â‚¬â„¢s decision to continue the partnership are the ages of fishermen, their experience, the level of education, the status of ship ownership, the production volume generated by the fishermen and their involvement in the group. Through the partnership, the fishermen get a number of benefits, such as: (1) obtaining capital assistance, (2) gaining facilities in selling their products, (3) receiving cash for their products sold, (4) getting assurance that XYZ Inc. accommodates all the fish they catch. Similarly, the benefits that XYZ Inc. gets include: (1) getting assurance that the fish supply is continually available, (2) receiving profit from selling the fish and providing production facilities for fishermen, (3) getting credit facilities from the bank. From the analysis on the conditions of partnership agents, it is revealed that the condition of the enterprise tends to show its strengths on the factors of marketing, finance, and human resources, while its weaknesses lie on the management, technology, marketing and capital. From the analysis on the selection of partnership patterns between the two agents, it is known that the partnership pattern is nucleus A¢â‚¬â€œ plasma. Such nucleus A¢â‚¬â€œ plasma pattern is considered to be the most effective by both agents, considering the conditions of the farmers who still need assistance from the enterprise in terms of production facilities, and both technical and non-technical guidance from the enterprises considered to have more experience in running fishery business on a big scale. Moreover, the fishermen also want to have assurance in the market demand especially when their catch is abundant. In practice, the nucleus A¢â‚¬â€œ plasma partnership pattern between the enterprise and fishermen requires operational monitoring by making written agreement between both parties cooperating. This written agreement not only states the rights and duties of each agent, but also includes the partnership regulations that state the type of products the fishermen will sell to their enterprise partner, the quality standard, the amount and the period of sale, means of collecting and transporting, setting prices, payment method and sanction or fine for any breakage of the agreement.Based on past perfomance of XYZ Bank, the absorption of SME loan are setting lower for almost last five years. Its Lower SME loan realize that given by XYZ Bank compared with specified goals show the importance of the study, because from result of survey conducted by XYZ Bank to business centre got existing business XYZ Bank lower of loan market share. For that conducted analysis of SME loan to develop marketing strategy in Business Centre of Cipulir, Jakarta. The objectives of this study are : (1) Identifying potency of loan exist in Sentra Business of Market Cipulir, (2) Calculating estimation of market potency XYZ Bank of exist in Sentra Business Cipulir Market by using amount of loan given approach, (3) Identifying factors becoming elementary constraint in development of credit at Sentra Business of Market Cipulir, and also (4) Compiling of efficient and effective marketing strategy through Cluster Pattern. Business Centre in general is place gather business unit in one area geografic of business and conceived of Cluster. Cluster analysis is an technique used to classify events or target into group which is same relative by certain criteria. Survey conducted in cluster of Cipulir market with 336 responder at random. This matter to know characteristic of business in sentra. Pursuant to result of conducted analysis, obtained : (1) Potency of SME loan in Business Sentra of Market Cipulir Rp. 162 Billion, so that assessed very mean to become goals to Bank XYZ in improving or developing volume of SME loan, (2) Estimation of XYZ Bank market share in Business Sentra of Cipulir Market is very small (0,97%), showing to weaken market penetration and acquisition market conducted by XYZ Bank, (3) Existing constraints in the form of service, conditions of loan and guarantee constraint, (4) Strategy becoming priority to be done is through penetration and acquisition of market with Pattern of Cluster, doing activity of promotion consistenly, optimize of existing Small Business Centre and work along with BPR/KOPERASI in lending to merchant at Cipulir Market. While which must be allowed for to guarantee continuity of development SME credit is : (1) Extending network of marketing around sentra business, (2) Exploiting technological progress to increase assess to sell credit product, (3) Giving incentive to all marketing officer capable to reach goals of loan in sentra business, and (4) Developing simply credit analyse model with standard conditions and accomodate cordage of guarantee of exist in sentra of the business.Quite big potentials of micro entrepreneur community have not been exploited by formal banking practices due to unbankable market and other accompanying weaknesses. In practice, the micro segments of non-standard banking can survive from the crisis better than the sectors falling under the standard banking. Before the crisis in 1997, most of the credit portfolios in BNI was allocated to finance middle scale and big scale entrepreneurs, while the bank seemed to barely assist the micro entrepreneurs through its credits. In fact, the micro entrepreneurs could survive in 1997. Based on the existing facts, and in line with the letter of establishment of the board of directors of PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. No. KP/041/DIR/R dated 27 February 2002, Micro Bank Unit was established to take care of the need of micro entrepreneurs both for fund and for banking services. The 2001 yearly report of BNI shows that medium and small scale businesses have relatively greater survival rates in facing crisis, which can be shown in the following credit composition : Year Segment Percentage (%) 2000 Corporate 68.75 Small and Medium Scale 31.25 2001 Corporate 63.10 Small and Medium Scale 36.90 In 2003 the credit composition above was expected to be equal with the percentage of 50 % each. As of 31 October, 2002 the outstanding micro credit of BNI was as much as IDR 113 billion or 78.65 % of the target and in December it was IDR 144 billion, with the collectibility rate of 99.37 %, with the number of customers reaching 12.308 and the number of ULM as many as 76 units. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) and Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning (STP) were analyzed based on the results of 500 questionnaires distributed through the branch offices to determine the marketing strategies of micro credit. The tools and strategies are as follows : 1) The organization administering micro credit, 2) Micro credit profile, 3) The marketing areas of micro credit, 4) The analysis tools, using the concept of 2C (character and capacity), 5) The street banker model, which is a blend of money lenders, pawn shops and commercial banks, 6) The street banker work ethics that are appropriate with the culture and character of each region, 7) The marketing strategies of micro credit A¢â‚¬â€œ both organic and inorganic.

Water Resource Management Discourse in Indonesia (Case Studi 2002-2015)

ABSTRACT The discourse of water resources management that occurred in Indonesia for more than a decade involving governments and civil society be interesting to watch. The purpose of this study is to interpret and analyze the discourse and argumentation conflicting parties in the public sphere in water resource management in Indonesia in 2002-2015. Benefits of theoretical research is to increase the variety of discourse analysis method. This critical research paradigm using the theory of Communicative Action Habermas who developed the concept of discourse. Using the method of DHA Wodak as a method of discourse rooted in the critical theory of Habermas researchers managed to see the interests behind the making of Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources and arguments used to use legal rationality and everyday language. Water Resources Law 2004 born of global importance that took the interests of katas ha of water and water privatization. Through discourse with distortion-free communication, guarantees the rationality, where the best reliable arguments to challenge oppressive power and hegemonic ideology. Keywords: argumentation, critique, discourse, privatization, public sphere, water right ABSTRAK Diskursus pengelolaan sumber daya air yang terjadi di Indonesia lebih dari satu dekade yang melibatkan pemerintah dan masyarakat sipil menarik untuk diamati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menafsirkan dan menganalisis diskursus dan argumentasi pihak-pihak yang berkonflik di ruang publik dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air di Indonesia tahun 2002-2015. Manfaat penelitian secara teoretis adalah untuk menambah variasi metode analisis diskursus. Penelitian berparadigma kritis ini menggunakan teori Tindakan Komunkatif Habermas yang mengembangkan konsep diskursus. Menggunakan metode DHA Wodak sebagai metode diskursus yang berakar pada teori kritis Habermas peneliti berhasil melihat kepentingan di balik pembuatan UU Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air dan argumentasi yang digunakan menggunakan rasionalitas hukum dan bahasa sehari-hari. UU SDA lahir dari kepentingan global yang membawa kepentingan hak atas air dan privatisasi air. Melalui diskursus dengan komunikasi bebas distorsi menjamin lahirnya rasionalitas, dimana argumentasi terbaik dapat diandalkan untuk menantang kekuasaan yang menindas dan ideologi yang hegemonik. Kata kunci: argumentasi, kritik, diskursus, privatisasi, ruang publik, hak atas air

Model Usaha Kecil Kios Soto Bandung dan Minuman Yoghurt di Bukit Sentul, Bogor

Reverse osmosis (RO) system is a system that capable in generating pure water at the purity level of 99.99%. The superiority of this system is pure water with high level oxygen contained therein that could strengthen cells and organs of the body, also increasing the body resistance and healing system. The objectives of this study are as follows : (1) To study the feasibility of ozonisation purify system; (2) To analyze financial feasibility at the side of production, marketing and mixed marketing as well as operational management. The method used in this study is a case study with descriptive analysis (quantitative or qualitative). Data analyzing and processing were carried out by Microsoft Excel application, performed in tabulation form. The investment capital which is required for AMDIU based RO system scope business is for the amount of Rp. 153.300.000,-, while for AMDIU based ozonisation system required the amount of capital for Rp. 99.700.000,-. Financial feasibility criteria for AMDIU based RO system has PBP value (2.42 years), BEP (38.330 galon), NPV obtained for 4 years is Rp. 11.218.921,60, B/C ratio (1.09) and IRR (17.91%). The selling price decreasing of AMDIU based RO system technology is 10% and production cost increasing will remain reasonable to be efforted, while at AMDIU based ozonisation technology system the 10% decreasing of selling price makes business unworthed to be executed. The other alternatives of policy for AMDIU business development are : (1) Increase distribution net productivity effort with material or industry product supplier company in order to increase selling; (2) To be really pay attention on quality and product continuity (3) To increase cooperation with banking institution and to take benefit from capitalization facilities in order to strengthen investment capital and working capital.The objective of this study was to observe the application of system quality management (SQM) at PT Sapukurata Kharisma by applying eight principles of quality management as well as the effect on the improvement of PT Sapukurata Kharisma performance. In this study, data and information was collected, and the observation to analyze the factors that affect the dynamics of the company performance was also conducted. In this study, work questionnaire method was used as an instrument, meanwhile descriptive analysis was used for data processing. This study showed that PT Sapukurata Kharisma was a small-medium enterprise which had been applying SQM since 2002. Based on the average questionnaire, the percentage of SQM application at PT. Sapukurata Kharisma in 2004 was 77.50%. The details of the study could be described further as follow : companyA¢â‚¬â„¢s customer orientation was 69.14%, leadership level was 90.86%, employee involvement was 72.67%, process approach was 77.71%, approach system in management was 80%, continual innovation was 86.14%, data and information-based decision making was 90.86% and mutual relationship with suppliers was 53.71%. The companyA¢â‚¬â„¢s profit increased by 13.23% in average per year from 2001 to 2004, average profit margin was 6.93% per year. There were also improvements at the human resource manager level through ISO 9000 training, quality awareness, computer, strategic management, tax and financial analysis. Based on the results of the data analysis, we concluded that the SQM application is the most important factor in the company dynamics with score 5; the second factor is the competition of the cleaning appliance products namely 3.8; the third factor is capital increase, score 3; the fourth factor is the political and economic condition of a country, score 2 and the fifth is human resources factors, score 1. Based on the results of the SQM application analysis in the company, it is found that there is a significant increase in the company performance (total value and profit). The analysis of dynamic factors affecting a company performance suggests that there is a positive correlation between the application of SQM and a company performance.Trichodermin has antifungal activity against Ganoderma boninense, but it is volatile andxa0insoluble in water. Research on trichodermin as antifungal G.boninense has been done, but not yetxa0at the stage of altering the nature of the compound. This study aims to develop trichodermin as antifungalxa0G. boninense in the form of nanoenkapsulat with observed aspects including formulation,xa0encapsulation, characterization, and antifungal activity. Trichodermin is extracted from Trichodermaxa0harzianum by maceration. Nanoemulsion is made using Emulsion Inversion Point (EIP) method andxa0encapsulation is done by spray drying. Antifungal activity was tested using a modified dual culturexa0assay method. The results showed the rendement of trichodermin extraction of 0.70%. The best nanoemulsionxa0formula is nanoemulsion with Tween 80 concentrations of 75% of the total organic phase.xa0The formula nanoemulsi has a size of 231.95 nm, polydispersity index of 0.348, and zeta potential ofxa0-35.6 mV. Encapsulation has a yield of 5.79%. The encapsulated powder has a moisture content ofxa05.79%, contains a typical functional group of trichodermin compounds, and is round with an unevenxa0surface. The antioxidant activity of nano-trichodermin encapsulation is higher than trichodermin extract and positive control (hexaconazole) with PIRG value of 84.40%.Melastoma affine plant has effect on health such as curing wound and toothache, also as an antimalarial drug. The fruit of this plant is purple and probably contain secondary metabolite compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. The total amount of both compounds may be different in unripe and ripe fruit. The aims of this research were to analyze secondary metabolite compounds and determine total phenol and total flavonoid of Melastoma affine fruit extract. The samples used in this study were unripe and ripe Melastoma affine fruits. Both of samples were extracted by three different solvents (water, 70% ethanol, and 96% ethanol) and obtained 6 extracts. Based on phytochemical test, each extract from unripe and ripe Melastoma affine fruit contained alkaloid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, phenol, and tanin. The extract with highest total phenols was 70% ethanolic extract from unripe fruit (189.56 mg/g GAE), while the extract with highest total flavonoids was 96% ethanolic extract from unripe fruit (225.50 mg/g CE). Based on this result, we conclude that unripe fruit of Melastoma affine has more total phenols and total flavonoids than ripe fruit.CV. Harbinan is a producer of the hang locked which is on artistic material, using scorpion and other insect as models. This company is the kind of small and medium enterprise which can accelerate the development of economic through a role in increasing the national income and to suport the structure of national industry. The method used in this case is a, descriptive analysis to show the real condition, analyzed by SWOT, to know strengths-weaknesses (SW), opportunities and threats (OT). The development of the technique accumulate data through library research method, interview with the personel of the company asking specific question comply with the research. The result of the interview showed that CV. Harbinan is a small and medium enterprise has produce 21.000 hang locked per month with sale about Rp. 535,500,000 per month. Production of CV. Harbinan relies on customer necessity and made more to order. Based on Matrix IE, CV Harbinan exists in the cell V which is described as held and maintance area, so a strategy at that condition is intensive strategy (market penetration or developing product). SWOT analysis based on internal and external factor could find the total score matrix IFE which was 2,505(factory had average internal position) and total score matrix EFE was 2,073 (factory had medium external position).During the economic crisis, agriculture was the sector that was able to survive and overcome the crisis. The sub-sector of fisheries had the opportunity to contribute to the growth of the Indonesian economy. The fishery products of Indonesia have strong demand in domestic, regional, and international markets. The interdependency between big agricultural enterprises and fishermen in developing fisheries will improve efficiency as well as business opportunities and income through partnership. Partnership is performed to make use of the economic scale condition, where marketing activities and the provision of production facilities will be more efficient when they are performed by a big business scale, and the production activities are more efficient when they are performed by a small business scale. One form of the partnership between a big agribusiness and a small one is the partnership between XYZ Inc. and the fishermen of Muara Angke, which is based on mutual willingness to create efficiency and benefit, as well as to support the government program in empowering small and medium entrepreneurs, and co-operatives. In the partnership between XYZ Inc. and the fishermen of Muara Angke, the fishermen perform their role to catch fish while XYZ Inc. acts as the advisor and the agent to market the products. The enterprise puts its great attention to the improvement of the fishermenA¢â‚¬â„¢s capability; thus, it offers a number of assistance in the form of either technical and managerial guidance, or financial assistance. According to the results of the analysis using logistic regression, the factors affecting the fishermenA¢â‚¬â„¢s decision to continue the partnership are the ages of fishermen, their experience, the level of education, the status of ship ownership, the production volume generated by the fishermen and their involvement in the group. Through the partnership, the fishermen get a number of benefits, such as: (1) obtaining capital assistance, (2) gaining facilities in selling their products, (3) receiving cash for their products sold, (4) getting assurance that XYZ Inc. accommodates all the fish they catch. Similarly, the benefits that XYZ Inc. gets include: (1) getting assurance that the fish supply is continually available, (2) receiving profit from selling the fish and providing production facilities for fishermen, (3) getting credit facilities from the bank. From the analysis on the conditions of partnership agents, it is revealed that the condition of the enterprise tends to show its strengths on the factors of marketing, finance, and human resources, while its weaknesses lie on the management, technology, marketing and capital. From the analysis on the selection of partnership patterns between the two agents, it is known that the partnership pattern is nucleus A¢â‚¬â€œ plasma. Such nucleus A¢â‚¬â€œ plasma pattern is considered to be the most effective by both agents, considering the conditions of the farmers who still need assistance from the enterprise in terms of production facilities, and both technical and non-technical guidance from the enterprises considered to have more experience in running fishery business on a big scale. Moreover, the fishermen also want to have assurance in the market demand especially when their catch is abundant. In practice, the nucleus A¢â‚¬â€œ plasma partnership pattern between the enterprise and fishermen requires operational monitoring by making written agreement between both parties cooperating. This written agreement not only states the rights and duties of each agent, but also includes the partnership regulations that state the type of products the fishermen will sell to their enterprise partner, the quality standard, the amount and the period of sale, means of collecting and transporting, setting prices, payment method and sanction or fine for any breakage of the agreement.Based on past perfomance of XYZ Bank, the absorption of SME loan are setting lower for almost last five years. Its Lower SME loan realize that given by XYZ Bank compared with specified goals show the importance of the study, because from result of survey conducted by XYZ Bank to business centre got existing business XYZ Bank lower of loan market share. For that conducted analysis of SME loan to develop marketing strategy in Business Centre of Cipulir, Jakarta. The objectives of this study are : (1) Identifying potency of loan exist in Sentra Business of Market Cipulir, (2) Calculating estimation of market potency XYZ Bank of exist in Sentra Business Cipulir Market by using amount of loan given approach, (3) Identifying factors becoming elementary constraint in development of credit at Sentra Business of Market Cipulir, and also (4) Compiling of efficient and effective marketing strategy through Cluster Pattern. Business Centre in general is place gather business unit in one area geografic of business and conceived of Cluster. Cluster analysis is an technique used to classify events or target into group which is same relative by certain criteria. Survey conducted in cluster of Cipulir market with 336 responder at random. This matter to know characteristic of business in sentra. Pursuant to result of conducted analysis, obtained : (1) Potency of SME loan in Business Sentra of Market Cipulir Rp. 162 Billion, so that assessed very mean to become goals to Bank XYZ in improving or developing volume of SME loan, (2) Estimation of XYZ Bank market share in Business Sentra of Cipulir Market is very small (0,97%), showing to weaken market penetration and acquisition market conducted by XYZ Bank, (3) Existing constraints in the form of service, conditions of loan and guarantee constraint, (4) Strategy becoming priority to be done is through penetration and acquisition of market with Pattern of Cluster, doing activity of promotion consistenly, optimize of existing Small Business Centre and work along with BPR/KOPERASI in lending to merchant at Cipulir Market. While which must be allowed for to guarantee continuity of development SME credit is : (1) Extending network of marketing around sentra business, (2) Exploiting technological progress to increase assess to sell credit product, (3) Giving incentive to all marketing officer capable to reach goals of loan in sentra business, and (4) Developing simply credit analyse model with standard conditions and accomodate cordage of guarantee of exist in sentra of the business.Quite big potentials of micro entrepreneur community have not been exploited by formal banking practices due to unbankable market and other accompanying weaknesses. In practice, the micro segments of non-standard banking can survive from the crisis better than the sectors falling under the standard banking. Before the crisis in 1997, most of the credit portfolios in BNI was allocated to finance middle scale and big scale entrepreneurs, while the bank seemed to barely assist the micro entrepreneurs through its credits. In fact, the micro entrepreneurs could survive in 1997. Based on the existing facts, and in line with the letter of establishment of the board of directors of PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. No. KP/041/DIR/R dated 27 February 2002, Micro Bank Unit was established to take care of the need of micro entrepreneurs both for fund and for banking services. The 2001 yearly report of BNI shows that medium and small scale businesses have relatively greater survival rates in facing crisis, which can be shown in the following credit composition : Year Segment Percentage (%) 2000 Corporate 68.75 Small and Medium Scale 31.25 2001 Corporate 63.10 Small and Medium Scale 36.90 In 2003 the credit composition above was expected to be equal with the percentage of 50 % each. As of 31 October, 2002 the outstanding micro credit of BNI was as much as IDR 113 billion or 78.65 % of the target and in December it was IDR 144 billion, with the collectibility rate of 99.37 %, with the number of customers reaching 12.308 and the number of ULM as many as 76 units. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) and Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning (STP) were analyzed based on the results of 500 questionnaires distributed through the branch offices to determine the marketing strategies of micro credit. The tools and strategies are as follows : 1) The organization administering micro credit, 2) Micro credit profile, 3) The marketing areas of micro credit, 4) The analysis tools, using the concept of 2C (character and capacity), 5) The street banker model, which is a blend of money lenders, pawn shops and commercial banks, 6) The street banker work ethics that are appropriate with the culture and character of each region, 7) The marketing strategies of micro credit A¢â‚¬â€œ both organic and inorganic.