N.-T. Godart
University of Paris
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Featured researches published by N.-T. Godart.
Eating and Weight Disorders-studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity | 2004
N.-T. Godart; Fabienne Perdereau; F. Curt; F. Lang; J.L. Venisse; O. Halfon; P. Bizouard; G. Loas; Maurice Corcos; Ph. Jeammet; Martine Flament
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether subjects suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) would demonstrate more severe social disability than a control group; and whether social disability could be best explained as a function of the eating disorder itself or as a function of comorbid anxiety or depressive disorders. Method: Subjects were166 AN subjects, 105 BN subjects and 271 control subjects matched for age, sex and socio-economic status. Prevalence of anxiety or depressive disorders was assessed (through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and social functioning was measured (through the Groningen scale). Results: The majority of AN and BN subjects demonstrated social disability in the “social role” (leisure time, time spent with friends) and the “occupational role” (work or educational activities). A regression analysis was employed to uncover predictive factors of social disability. Eating disorders (AN and BN), anxiety disorders and depression accounted for a large portion of social disability. Discussion: Anxiety and depressive disorders appear to play an important role in the type of social disability demonstrated in eating disorder patients. Therapeutic implications are discussed.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2006
Anne-Sophie Deborde; Sylvie Berthoz; N.-T. Godart; F. Perdereau; Maurice Corcos; P. Jeammet
Resume L’objectif de cette etude etait d’etudier les relations entre alexithymie et anhedonie en utilisant conjointement 2 autoquestionnaires de mesure de l’alexithymie: le questionnaire d’Alexithymie de Toronto a 20 items (TAS-20) et le questionnaire d’Alexithymie de Bermond-Vorst (BVAQ-B). L’anhedonie a ete mesuree a l’aide des questionnaires de Chapman: questionnaire d’Anhedonie physique (PAS) et questionnaire d’Anhedonie sociale (SAS). De plus, afin d’etudier l’impact de la symptomatologie des troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) sur les relations entre alexithymie et anhedonie, les analyses ont ete menees dans 2 populations distinctes: chez 198 femmes temoins et chez 46 patientes TCA. Les resultats montrent que les dimensions alexithymique et anhedonique sont etroitement liees, surtout en ce qui concerne le versant physique de l’anhedonie. Par ailleurs, l’ensemble de l’etude souligne l’influence du diagnostic sur les relations entre alexithymie et anhedonie d’une part, et la necessite d’utiliser differents outils pour l’evaluation de l’alexithymie d’autre part.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2005
N.-T. Godart; F. Perdereau; P. Jeammet; Martine Flament
Resume Nous avons realise une revue de la litterature critique evaluant la prevalence des troubles de l’humeur chez les sujets presentant un trouble du comportement alimentaire (anorexie mentale = AN ou boulimie = BN). Dans la premiere partie, nous avons discute les problemes methodologiques poses par ces etudes. Dans la deuxieme partie, nous avons pris en compte ces problemes methodologiques et avons resume les resultats. Nous avons realise une recherche manuelle et une recherche par Medline pour retrouver toutes les etudes publiees sur la comorbidite entre troubles du comportement alimentaire et troubles de l’humeur. Nous avons limite notre recherche a la periode 1985-2002, afin de retenir les etudes ayant utilise les criteres diagnostiques stricts pour les deux types de troubles du comportement alimentaire. Beaucoup d’etudes n’ont pas inclus de groupe temoin et tres peu ont compare la prevalence des troubles de l’humeur dans les differents sous-groupes de troubles du comportement alimentaire. Les resultats sont, dans les diverses etudes, peu fiables ou contradictoires. Nous avons discute les resultats decrits et les implications de cette revue de la litterature pour la realisation d’etudes futures.OBJECTIVEnComorbidity between eating disorders (ED) and mood disorders is a major issue when evaluating and treating patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). In the literature, estimated comorbidity rates of mood disorders in subjects with ED differ widely across studies. Obviously, it is difficult to compare results from various sources because of differences in methods of assessment of depressive symptoms and in diagnostic criteria for both ED and mood disorders. Furthermore, few studies have included control groups, and, since mood disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric disorders in women--with an average estimated lifetime prevalence of 23.9 % (Kessleret al., 1994)--, it is not clear, yet, whether mood disorders are more common among women with an ED (AN or BN) than among women from the community. The only review articles we found on the relationships between ED and mood disorders survey different types of arguments in favour of a link between both categories of disorders, including symptoms, personal and family comorbidity, overlap in biological findings, and treatment results, but do not review in detail available comorbidity data. The aim of this paper is to conduct a critical literature review on studies assessing the prevalence of mood disorders in subjects with an ED (AN or BN). In the first part, we will discuss methodological issues relevant to comorbidity studies between ED and mood disorders, and select the most reliable studies. In the second part, taking into account these methodological considerations raised, we summarize the findings of these studies.nnnMETHODnWe performed a manual and computerized search (Medline) for all published studies on comorbidity between ED and AD, limiting our search to the 1985-2002 period, in order to get sufficiently homogeneous diagnostic criteria for both categories of disorders.nnnRESULTSnToo few studies include control groups and few studies have compared diagnostic subgroups of ED subjects, with scarce or conflicting results.nnnDISCUSSIONnWe reviewed numerous studies here and conclude simply that there are many arguments in favor of elevated rates of MD in ED subjects, but there is no convincing evidence yet. Many questions are left unanswered or have conflicting responses. Our review highlights the need for further studies, which should address several requisites: comorbidity studies should be designed with this as a specific goal, rather than as a secondary aim within other types of studies (such as treatment studies, follow-up studies, etc.). Kendler et al. (1991) state that individuals with two disorders are more likely to present for treatment than individuals with one, therefore, comorbidity rates (which are not in agreement with a special etiologic relationship between BN and depression) may be exaggerated in clinical population results. New studies should include control subjects, matched (at least) for sex and age with ED subjects. Studies should evaluate prevalence of all types of MD in order to yield comparable estimates of MD in general. Comorbidity studies should be conducted on both current and recovered patients, compared to subjects from the community. It is still necessary to demonstrate specificity of findings, i.e. that early onset MD are of specific etiological importance to ED and do not simply increase the risk of later psychopathology in general. Studies should be conducted on larger samples, and all diagnostic subgroups should be considered (restrictive and bulimic anorexics, bulimics with and without history of AN, with or without purging). Multivariate comparisons should be performed, taking into account subject age, sex (if men are included), in- and outpatient status, course of illness, and other possibly relevant variables. Thus, more reliable estimates of the frequency of MD in subjects with ED could provide us with valuable etiologic, therapeutic and prognostic information.
Eating and Weight Disorders-studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity | 2004
N.-T. Godart; Frederic Atger; Fabienne Perdereau; G. Agman; Z. Rein; Maurice Corcos; Ph. Jeammet
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is now usually considered to be a multifactorial disorder, and there is a consensus among clinicians that its treatment should be aimed at restoring weight, altering anorexic attitudes, treating any medical complications, supporting and treating the family, enhancing autonomy, facilitating identity formation, and increasing self-esteem by means of psychotherapy. The practical aspects of such treatments not only vary from country to country, but sometimes also from one treatment team to another. International meetings dedicate considerable discussion to the subject but, as it seems to be relatively ignored in the published literature, we here describe the main elements of our own method.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2009
N. Coulon; P. Jeammet; N.-T. Godart
CONTEXTnThe links between anorexia nervosa (AN) and anxiety disorders, and particularly social phobia, are little known. However, social phobia occurs frequently in AN. Some studies have shown reduction in anxious and depressive symptomatology in AN with re-nutrition. But, to our knowledge, no work has examined the evolution of social phobia symptoms during re-nutrition in AN.nnnOBJECTIVESnTo specify the links between AN, nutritional state, and social phobia.nnnMETHODnThe population consisted of 2 samples and the analysis was conducted using the SPSS11.5. Sample 1 (N=24 AN) was evaluated on admission and on leaving the hospital. Our evaluation used the body mass index (BMI), the Liebowitz scale, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Eating Disorders scale (Y-BOCS-ED) respectively to evaluate or diagnose the state of malnutrition, social anxiety symptomatology, social phobia in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-4 (DSM-IV) and anorexic symptomatology. Sample 2 (N=60) was assessed at the end of the hospitalization and then 6, 12 and 18 months later. We used the BMI, Liebowitz scale, MINI, and Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) to assess anorexic symptomatology. In addition, the Morgan-Russell outcome assessment schedule (MR schedule) was used to assess the total clinical state of the patients.nnnRESULTSnSocial anxiety symptomatology and actual diagnosis decreased throughout the treatment. However, regardless of the point at which the patient received care, there was no correlation between social phobia and nutritional state, as indicated by BMI. A correlation existed between social phobia and AN symptomatology, and between social phobia and total clinical state, during the out-patient care.nnnCONCLUSIONnA component of AN-social phobia comorbidity is still questionable. Is it linked to the clinical state of the subjects (question of an additional effect of under nutrition and cognition), or even to AN? Others indicators of under nutrition are of interest and warrant further evaluations. We therefore feel that a diagnosis of social phobia can only be confirmed after an acute state of AN, thus allowing for preferential treatments. Others studies must be conducted in order to continue to explore the links between social phobia and AN.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2005
N.-T. Godart; F. Curt; F. Perdereau; Lang F; J.L. Venisse; Olivier Halfon; P. Bizouard; Gwenolé Loas; Maurice Corcos; Philippe Jeammet; Martine Flament
Resume L’objectif etait de repondre a la question suivante : existe-il des differences entre les groupes diagnostiques de troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) pour la prevalence des troubles depressifs et des troubles anxieux, en tenant compte des differences cliniques observees entre les groupes (âge actuel des sujets, duree d’evolution du TCA, patient hospitalier ou ambulatoire, Body Mass Index) ? Nous avons evalue la frequence des troubles anxieux et des troubles depressifs chez 271 sujets presentant un diagnostic actuel d’anorexie mentale ou de boulimie, en utilisant le Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), version DSM IV. Nous avons compare les prevalences entre les sous-types d’anorexiques (AN-R et AN-BN) et entre les sous-types de boulimiques (BN-P et BN-NP), et enfin entre les anorexiques mentales et les boulimiques en ajustant sur les variables definies ci-dessus. La comorbidite actuelle ou vie entiere des troubles anxieux et depressifs ne differe ni entre les AN-R et les AN-BN, ni entre les BN-P et les BN-NP. Seuls les diagnostics actuels d’agoraphobie et de trouble obsessionnel compulsif sont significativement plus frequents chez les AN que chez les BN. La plus grande frequence de la comorbidite entre trouble obsessionnel compulsif et AN en comparaison avec la BN, connue de longue date, n’est pas remise en question ; la plupart des autres troubles anxieux et des troubles depressifs sont aussi frequents dans tous les types diagnostiques de TCA.UNLABELLEDnOur objective was to answer the following question: are there differences between diagnostic groups of eating disorders (ED) for the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders, when clinical differences between the groups are taken into account (ie age of subjects, ED duration, inpatient or outpatient status, and Body Mass Index)?nnnMETHODnWe evaluated the frequency of anxiety disorders and depressive disorders in 271 subjects presenting with a diagnosis of either anorexia nervosa or bulimia, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), DSM IV version. We compared the prevalences between sub-groups of anorexics (AN-R and AN-BN), between sub-groups of bulimics (BN-P and BN-NP) and between anorexics and bulimics while adjusting for the variables defined below.nnnRESULTSnCurrent or lifetime comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders did not differ between AN-Rs and AN-BNs, nor between BN-Ps and BN-NPs. Only current diagnoses of agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder were significantly more frequent in anorexics than in bulimics.nnnCONCLUSIONnThe greater frequency of comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder and AN compared to BN, already well documented, is not questioned. The remaining anxiety disorders are equally frequent among all the diagnostic types of ED.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2005
N.-T. Godart; F. Perdereau; Philippe Jeammet; Martine Flament
Resume Nous avons realise une revue de la litterature sur la comorbidite entre les troubles anxieux et les troubles du comportement alimentaire, prenant en compte les critiques methodologiques discutees dans la premiere partie de ce travail. L’objectif etait de repondre a 3 questions : 1) Y a-t-il des elements dans la litterature qui permettent de conclure que les troubles anxieux sont plus frequents parmi les femmes souffrant de troubles du comportement alimentaire que parmi les femmes de la population generale ? 2) Y a-t-il des elements qui permettent de conclure que les troubles anxieux ont une prevalence differente en fonction des types ou des sous-types de troubles du comportement alimentaire ? 3) Quelle est la chronologie d’apparition des 2 types de troubles quand ils coexistent ? Nous avons conduit une recherche Medline concernant toutes les etudes publiees sur le sujet entre 1985 et 2002, et avons selectionne les etudes les plus pertinentes en fonction de la methodologie utilisee. Au travers des etudes realisees en population generale, il apparait que les sujets souffrant de troubles du comportement alimentaire presentent significativement plus souvent des troubles anxieux que la population generale. Les etudes realisees sur les populations cliniques ne permettent pas de confirmer ces conclusions. La revue de la litterature ne permet pas d’apporter une reponse claire aux questions posees, dans la mesure ou beaucoup de resultats sont soit insuffisants, soit contradictoires.Taking into account the methodological problems underlined in the first part of this paper, the current review aims to answer three questions: 1) Is there convincing evidence that anxiety disorders (AD) are more frequent among women with eating disorders (ED) than among women from the community? 2) Is there convincing evidence that prevalence of AD differs across diagnostic types or subtypes of ED? 3) What is the chronology of appearance of the two disorders? We performed a manual and computerized search (Medline) for all published studies on comorbidity between ED and AD (1985-2002 period), and selected the most relevant studies. An increased risk for AD in subjects with ED has been shown in several community studies, but studies conducted in referred subjects have led to inconstant findings. The answer to the questions remains uncertain, because too few studies included control groups and few studies have compared diagnostic subgroups of ED subjects, with scarce or conflicting results.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2005
N.-T. Godart; F. Perdereau; Philippe Jeammet; Martine Flament
Resume Nous avons souhaite realiser une revue critique de la litterature a propos des etudes evaluant la prevalence des troubles anxieux chez les sujets souffrant de troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) : anorexie (AN) et boulimie (BN). Dans la premiere partie (cet article), nous avons discute les problemes methodologiques poses par les etudes de comorbidite entre TCA et troubles anxieux, et dans la seconde (deuxieme article), nous exposerons les resultats. Nous avons realise une revue de la litterature par Medline, concernant toutes les etudes publiees sur la comorbidite entre TCA et troubles anxieux pendant la periode 1985-2002, afin de ne considerer que des etudes ayant utilise des criteres diagnostiques homogenes pour les deux types de troubles (le plus souvent les criteres RDC, DSM III, DSM III-R, ou DSM IV). Nous avons realise, dans cette premiere partie, une revue de la methodologie des etudes concernant principalement la composition des echantillons, les lieux de recrutement, les criteres diagnostiques utilises, les instruments diagnostiques, l’âge des sujets et la duree d’evolution des troubles. A la lumiere des disparites methodologiques mises en evidence, nous discutons la valeur des resultats des etudes de comorbidite et les consequences pour les etudes futures.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2007
Fabienne Perdereau; S. Faucher; P. Jeammet; N.-T. Godart
Resume Objectif Nous avons souhaite realiser une revue critique de la litterature des etudes evaluant la prevalence des troubles de l’humeur et des troubles anxieux chez les apparentes de sujets souffrant d’anorexie mentale (AN). Dans une premiere partie, nous avons discute les problemes methodologiques poses par ces etudes, dans une seconde partie nous avons expose les resultats. Methode Nous avons effectue une recherche informatique (sur Medline) afin de retrouver les etudes publiees sur les antecedents familiaux des troubles de l’humeur et des troubles anxieux dans l’anorexie mentale, et l’avons completee par une recherche manuelle. Nous avons limite notre travail a la periode 1980-2002, afin de ne retenir que les etudes ayant utilise des criteres diagnostiques stricts pour les troubles etudies (criteres de Feighner ou de Halmi pour l’anorexie mentale, RDC, DSM III, DSM III-R ou DSM IV pour l’anorexie ou les autres troubles). Resultats Dans une premiere partie, nous avons etudie la methodologie de ces etudes en prenant en compte principalement la composition des echantillons, les criteres et les instruments diagnostiques utilises, les methodes permettant l’etablissement d’un diagnostic psychiatrique chez les apparentes, les apparentes evalues, le nombre et le type de troubles recherches. Dans une seconde partie, compte tenu des disparites methodologiques, nous avons resume les donnees chiffrees de prevalence des troubles de l’humeur et de troubles anxieux chez les apparentes de sujets anorexiques. Discussion A la lumiere des variations dans la methodologie de ces etudes, nous discutons la valeur des resultats concernant les antecedents familiaux de troubles de l’humeur et de troubles anxieux dans l’anorexie mentale ainsi que les implications pour des etudes ulterieures.UNLABELLEDnIn the literature, no review concerning the family comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders of anorexic subjects exists. However, this data can be important for the comprehension of this disorder and for the assumption of responsibility.nnnOBJECTIVEnWe conducted a critical literature review on studies assessing the prevalence of anxiety disorders (AD) and mood disorders in relatives of anorexia nervosa (AN) subjects. In the first part, we discuss methodological issues relevant to these comorbidity studies. In the second part, taking into account the methodological considerations raised, we summarise the findings of these studies.nnnMETHODnWe performed a manual and computerised search (Medline) for all published studies on the frequency of MD and AD in AN relatives and MD or AD, limiting our search to the 1980-2002 period, in order to get sufficiently homogeneous diagnostic criteria for both categories of disorders (most often RDC, DSM III, DSM III-R, or DSM IV criteria).nnnRESULTSnWe review methodological issues regarding population sources, general methodological procedures, diagnostic criteria for AN, MD and AD, diagnostic instruments, age of subjects and course of the eating disorder.nnnDISCUSSIONnWe discuss the results taking into account the methodological problems observed. We give implications for reviewing the results of published studies and planning future research.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2005
N.-T. Godart; F. Curt; Fabienne Perdereau; F. Lang; J.L. Venisse; O. Halfon; P. Bizouard; G. Loas; Maurice Corcos; P. Jeammet; Martine Flament
Resume L’objectif principal est de determiner si la presence de certains troubles anxieux est liee a la comorbidite depressive chez les sujets souffrant de TCA, en tenant compte des variables qui peuvent, elles-memes, etre liees a la depression (âge des sujets, duree d’evolution du TCA, antecedents d’anorexie mentale chez les BN, statut hospitalier ou ambulatoire, etat nutritionnel). Nous avons evalue la frequence des troubles anxieux et depressifs dans un echantillon de 271 sujets presentant un diagnostic actuel d’AN ou de BN, et 271 sujets temoins, en utilisant le Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), version DSM IV. Les anorexiques ont 4,7 fois plus de risque de developper un EDM en cas de comorbidite avec un trouble anxieux, et les boulimiques environ 3 fois plus. L’anxiete generalisee est le trouble anxieux le plus frequent chez les AN et les BN de notre etude, il apparait aussi comme l’un des principaux facteurs predictifs de l’EDM (AN 2.4 et BN 4.2). Le diagnostic de TOC chez les AN augmente par 3,5 le risque de depression independamment de l’anxiete generalisee. La depression chez les sujets atteints de TCA est plus frequente en cas de comorbidite avec le TOC, l’anxiete generalisee et le trouble panique.