P. Jeammet
University of Paris
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Psychopathology | 2008
Anne-Sophie Deborde; Sylvie Berthoz; Jenny Wallier; Jacques Fermanian; Bruno Falissard; P. Jeammet; Maurice Corcos
Background: The evaluation of alexithymic deficits has become increasingly desirable in health and psychopathology research. The purpose of this study was to calculate alexithymia cutoff scores for a recently developed self-report alexithymia questionnaire: the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire Form B (BVAQ-B). Sampling: Three hundred subjects (47 eating-disordered patients and 253 healthy individuals) completed the BVAQ-B and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Methods: The TAS-20 was used as a gold standard for this research, with its previously established cutoff scores serving as diagnostic criteria for determining the presence or absence of alexithymia. The BVAQ-B cutoff score selection was based on the examination of psychometric data (i.e., the sensitivity and specificity of the BVAQ-B scores and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses) and of clinical data (i.e., BVAQ-B mean score of the control subjects, who were mostly nonalexithymic, and BVAQ-B mean score of a group of patients with eating disorders, the majority of whom were alexithymic). Results: This research found that the most appropriate BVAQ-B cutoff scores for determining the absence and presence of alexithymia were 43 and 53, respectively. Conclusion: In light of these findings, we believe that the BVAQ-B may also lend itself to a categorical evaluation of alexithymia, with these cutoff scores determining its absence or presence.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2004
F. Farges; Maurice Corcos; M. Speranza; G. Loas; F. Perez-Diaz; J.L. Venisse; F. Lang; P. Bizouard; O. Halfon; Martine F. Flament; P. Jeammet
Resume L’hypothese principale de cette etude est de confirmer la prevalence elevee de l’alexithymie chez les toxicomanes en verifiant son independance par rapport aux variables sociodemographiques (sexe, âge, categorie socioprofessionnelle). Dans un deuxieme temps, le lien entre alexithymie et etat depressif chez les toxicomanes est etudie. Pour ce faire, un echantillon de 128 toxicomanes repondant aux criteres DSM IV de dependance aux substances psychoactives (alcool exclu) a ete apparie selon les variables sociodemographiques a un echantillon temoin de 128 sujets. Differents instruments d’hetero et d’auto-evaluation ont ete utilises : TAS-20 pour l’alexithymie, BDI a 13 items pour l’evaluation de la symptomatologie depressive, et MINI. Les resultats, aussi bien en analyse dimensionnelle que categorielle, confirment la prevalence elevee de l’alexithymie chez les toxicomanes (43,5 %) par rapport a celle des temoins (24,6 %). Cette difference est obtenue grâce a la composante emotionnelle, la composante cognitive ne differenciant pas les deux echantillons. L’alexithymie, dans la population des toxicomanes, est independante des variables sociodemographiques. Au BDI, 66,4 % des toxicomanes presentent une symptomatologie depressive (significativement plus frequente pour le sexe feminin), contre seulement 26 % des temoins. La complexite des rapports entre alexithymie et depression est discutee, la TAS et le BDI correlant significativement, surtout pour le facteur « difficulte a identifier ses emotions ». Dans notre etude, l’alexithymie apparait comme thymo-dependante.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2006
Anne-Sophie Deborde; Sylvie Berthoz; N.-T. Godart; F. Perdereau; Maurice Corcos; P. Jeammet
Resume L’objectif de cette etude etait d’etudier les relations entre alexithymie et anhedonie en utilisant conjointement 2 autoquestionnaires de mesure de l’alexithymie: le questionnaire d’Alexithymie de Toronto a 20 items (TAS-20) et le questionnaire d’Alexithymie de Bermond-Vorst (BVAQ-B). L’anhedonie a ete mesuree a l’aide des questionnaires de Chapman: questionnaire d’Anhedonie physique (PAS) et questionnaire d’Anhedonie sociale (SAS). De plus, afin d’etudier l’impact de la symptomatologie des troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) sur les relations entre alexithymie et anhedonie, les analyses ont ete menees dans 2 populations distinctes: chez 198 femmes temoins et chez 46 patientes TCA. Les resultats montrent que les dimensions alexithymique et anhedonique sont etroitement liees, surtout en ce qui concerne le versant physique de l’anhedonie. Par ailleurs, l’ensemble de l’etude souligne l’influence du diagnostic sur les relations entre alexithymie et anhedonie d’une part, et la necessite d’utiliser differents outils pour l’evaluation de l’alexithymie d’autre part.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2005
N.-T. Godart; F. Perdereau; P. Jeammet; Martine Flament
Resume Nous avons realise une revue de la litterature critique evaluant la prevalence des troubles de l’humeur chez les sujets presentant un trouble du comportement alimentaire (anorexie mentale = AN ou boulimie = BN). Dans la premiere partie, nous avons discute les problemes methodologiques poses par ces etudes. Dans la deuxieme partie, nous avons pris en compte ces problemes methodologiques et avons resume les resultats. Nous avons realise une recherche manuelle et une recherche par Medline pour retrouver toutes les etudes publiees sur la comorbidite entre troubles du comportement alimentaire et troubles de l’humeur. Nous avons limite notre recherche a la periode 1985-2002, afin de retenir les etudes ayant utilise les criteres diagnostiques stricts pour les deux types de troubles du comportement alimentaire. Beaucoup d’etudes n’ont pas inclus de groupe temoin et tres peu ont compare la prevalence des troubles de l’humeur dans les differents sous-groupes de troubles du comportement alimentaire. Les resultats sont, dans les diverses etudes, peu fiables ou contradictoires. Nous avons discute les resultats decrits et les implications de cette revue de la litterature pour la realisation d’etudes futures.OBJECTIVE Comorbidity between eating disorders (ED) and mood disorders is a major issue when evaluating and treating patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). In the literature, estimated comorbidity rates of mood disorders in subjects with ED differ widely across studies. Obviously, it is difficult to compare results from various sources because of differences in methods of assessment of depressive symptoms and in diagnostic criteria for both ED and mood disorders. Furthermore, few studies have included control groups, and, since mood disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric disorders in women--with an average estimated lifetime prevalence of 23.9 % (Kessleret al., 1994)--, it is not clear, yet, whether mood disorders are more common among women with an ED (AN or BN) than among women from the community. The only review articles we found on the relationships between ED and mood disorders survey different types of arguments in favour of a link between both categories of disorders, including symptoms, personal and family comorbidity, overlap in biological findings, and treatment results, but do not review in detail available comorbidity data. The aim of this paper is to conduct a critical literature review on studies assessing the prevalence of mood disorders in subjects with an ED (AN or BN). In the first part, we will discuss methodological issues relevant to comorbidity studies between ED and mood disorders, and select the most reliable studies. In the second part, taking into account these methodological considerations raised, we summarize the findings of these studies. METHOD We performed a manual and computerized search (Medline) for all published studies on comorbidity between ED and AD, limiting our search to the 1985-2002 period, in order to get sufficiently homogeneous diagnostic criteria for both categories of disorders. RESULTS Too few studies include control groups and few studies have compared diagnostic subgroups of ED subjects, with scarce or conflicting results. DISCUSSION We reviewed numerous studies here and conclude simply that there are many arguments in favor of elevated rates of MD in ED subjects, but there is no convincing evidence yet. Many questions are left unanswered or have conflicting responses. Our review highlights the need for further studies, which should address several requisites: comorbidity studies should be designed with this as a specific goal, rather than as a secondary aim within other types of studies (such as treatment studies, follow-up studies, etc.). Kendler et al. (1991) state that individuals with two disorders are more likely to present for treatment than individuals with one, therefore, comorbidity rates (which are not in agreement with a special etiologic relationship between BN and depression) may be exaggerated in clinical population results. New studies should include control subjects, matched (at least) for sex and age with ED subjects. Studies should evaluate prevalence of all types of MD in order to yield comparable estimates of MD in general. Comorbidity studies should be conducted on both current and recovered patients, compared to subjects from the community. It is still necessary to demonstrate specificity of findings, i.e. that early onset MD are of specific etiological importance to ED and do not simply increase the risk of later psychopathology in general. Studies should be conducted on larger samples, and all diagnostic subgroups should be considered (restrictive and bulimic anorexics, bulimics with and without history of AN, with or without purging). Multivariate comparisons should be performed, taking into account subject age, sex (if men are included), in- and outpatient status, course of illness, and other possibly relevant variables. Thus, more reliable estimates of the frequency of MD in subjects with ED could provide us with valuable etiologic, therapeutic and prognostic information.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2009
N. Coulon; P. Jeammet; N.-T. Godart
CONTEXT The links between anorexia nervosa (AN) and anxiety disorders, and particularly social phobia, are little known. However, social phobia occurs frequently in AN. Some studies have shown reduction in anxious and depressive symptomatology in AN with re-nutrition. But, to our knowledge, no work has examined the evolution of social phobia symptoms during re-nutrition in AN. OBJECTIVES To specify the links between AN, nutritional state, and social phobia. METHOD The population consisted of 2 samples and the analysis was conducted using the SPSS11.5. Sample 1 (N=24 AN) was evaluated on admission and on leaving the hospital. Our evaluation used the body mass index (BMI), the Liebowitz scale, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Eating Disorders scale (Y-BOCS-ED) respectively to evaluate or diagnose the state of malnutrition, social anxiety symptomatology, social phobia in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-4 (DSM-IV) and anorexic symptomatology. Sample 2 (N=60) was assessed at the end of the hospitalization and then 6, 12 and 18 months later. We used the BMI, Liebowitz scale, MINI, and Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) to assess anorexic symptomatology. In addition, the Morgan-Russell outcome assessment schedule (MR schedule) was used to assess the total clinical state of the patients. RESULTS Social anxiety symptomatology and actual diagnosis decreased throughout the treatment. However, regardless of the point at which the patient received care, there was no correlation between social phobia and nutritional state, as indicated by BMI. A correlation existed between social phobia and AN symptomatology, and between social phobia and total clinical state, during the out-patient care. CONCLUSION A component of AN-social phobia comorbidity is still questionable. Is it linked to the clinical state of the subjects (question of an additional effect of under nutrition and cognition), or even to AN? Others indicators of under nutrition are of interest and warrant further evaluations. We therefore feel that a diagnosis of social phobia can only be confirmed after an acute state of AN, thus allowing for preferential treatments. Others studies must be conducted in order to continue to explore the links between social phobia and AN.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2007
Fabienne Perdereau; S. Faucher; P. Jeammet; N.-T. Godart
Resume Objectif Nous avons souhaite realiser une revue critique de la litterature des etudes evaluant la prevalence des troubles de l’humeur et des troubles anxieux chez les apparentes de sujets souffrant d’anorexie mentale (AN). Dans une premiere partie, nous avons discute les problemes methodologiques poses par ces etudes, dans une seconde partie nous avons expose les resultats. Methode Nous avons effectue une recherche informatique (sur Medline) afin de retrouver les etudes publiees sur les antecedents familiaux des troubles de l’humeur et des troubles anxieux dans l’anorexie mentale, et l’avons completee par une recherche manuelle. Nous avons limite notre travail a la periode 1980-2002, afin de ne retenir que les etudes ayant utilise des criteres diagnostiques stricts pour les troubles etudies (criteres de Feighner ou de Halmi pour l’anorexie mentale, RDC, DSM III, DSM III-R ou DSM IV pour l’anorexie ou les autres troubles). Resultats Dans une premiere partie, nous avons etudie la methodologie de ces etudes en prenant en compte principalement la composition des echantillons, les criteres et les instruments diagnostiques utilises, les methodes permettant l’etablissement d’un diagnostic psychiatrique chez les apparentes, les apparentes evalues, le nombre et le type de troubles recherches. Dans une seconde partie, compte tenu des disparites methodologiques, nous avons resume les donnees chiffrees de prevalence des troubles de l’humeur et de troubles anxieux chez les apparentes de sujets anorexiques. Discussion A la lumiere des variations dans la methodologie de ces etudes, nous discutons la valeur des resultats concernant les antecedents familiaux de troubles de l’humeur et de troubles anxieux dans l’anorexie mentale ainsi que les implications pour des etudes ulterieures.UNLABELLED In the literature, no review concerning the family comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders of anorexic subjects exists. However, this data can be important for the comprehension of this disorder and for the assumption of responsibility. OBJECTIVE We conducted a critical literature review on studies assessing the prevalence of anxiety disorders (AD) and mood disorders in relatives of anorexia nervosa (AN) subjects. In the first part, we discuss methodological issues relevant to these comorbidity studies. In the second part, taking into account the methodological considerations raised, we summarise the findings of these studies. METHOD We performed a manual and computerised search (Medline) for all published studies on the frequency of MD and AD in AN relatives and MD or AD, limiting our search to the 1980-2002 period, in order to get sufficiently homogeneous diagnostic criteria for both categories of disorders (most often RDC, DSM III, DSM III-R, or DSM IV criteria). RESULTS We review methodological issues regarding population sources, general methodological procedures, diagnostic criteria for AN, MD and AD, diagnostic instruments, age of subjects and course of the eating disorder. DISCUSSION We discuss the results taking into account the methodological problems observed. We give implications for reviewing the results of published studies and planning future research.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2005
N.-T. Godart; F. Curt; Fabienne Perdereau; F. Lang; J.L. Venisse; O. Halfon; P. Bizouard; G. Loas; Maurice Corcos; P. Jeammet; Martine Flament
Resume L’objectif principal est de determiner si la presence de certains troubles anxieux est liee a la comorbidite depressive chez les sujets souffrant de TCA, en tenant compte des variables qui peuvent, elles-memes, etre liees a la depression (âge des sujets, duree d’evolution du TCA, antecedents d’anorexie mentale chez les BN, statut hospitalier ou ambulatoire, etat nutritionnel). Nous avons evalue la frequence des troubles anxieux et depressifs dans un echantillon de 271 sujets presentant un diagnostic actuel d’AN ou de BN, et 271 sujets temoins, en utilisant le Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), version DSM IV. Les anorexiques ont 4,7 fois plus de risque de developper un EDM en cas de comorbidite avec un trouble anxieux, et les boulimiques environ 3 fois plus. L’anxiete generalisee est le trouble anxieux le plus frequent chez les AN et les BN de notre etude, il apparait aussi comme l’un des principaux facteurs predictifs de l’EDM (AN 2.4 et BN 4.2). Le diagnostic de TOC chez les AN augmente par 3,5 le risque de depression independamment de l’anxiete generalisee. La depression chez les sujets atteints de TCA est plus frequente en cas de comorbidite avec le TOC, l’anxiete generalisee et le trouble panique.
Annales médico-psychologiques | 2002
O. Guilbaud; Maurice Corcos; L Hjalmarsson; Gwenolé Loas; P. Jeammet
Resume Le champ de la psycho-neuro-immunologie (PNI) repose sur la mise en evidence d’interrelations entre systeme nerveux central, systeme neuroendocrinien et immunitaire sensibles a des facteurs psychologiques et environnementaux. De nombreuses recherches attestent d’une communication bidirectionnelle entre systeme nerveux et immunitaire, soit directement, soit via une voie de regulation neuroendocrinienne. Differents modeles ont ete decrits, permettant de rendre compte des mecanismes physiopathologiques sous-jacents a la depression. On distingue les modeles neuroendocrinien et cytokinergique qui different quant a la place vouee a l’axe corticotrope et a la reponse immune. Neanmoins la confrontation avec les donnees de la litterature ne confirme pas toujours les modeles issus de la PNI. Les resultats des etudes sont souvent contradictoires, parmi ceux-ci, les plus souvent retrouves sont une augmentation des cytokines pro-inflammatoires qui pourraient interagir avec le systeme serotoninergique, une alteration de l’activite lymphocytaire chez les sujets deprimes âges et une activation de l’axe corticotrope. Les limites de la PNI sont en grande partie liees a la multitude et l’heterogeneite des parametres biologiques qui interviennent dans les boucles de regulations neuro-immunitaires, aux etapes limitantes de la psychiatrie biologique et a l’incapacite de pouvoir inferer a partir de prelevement peripherique de l’etat du systeme immunitaire.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2002
Sarah Bydlowski; Maurice Corcos; Sabrina Paterniti; Olivier Guilbaud; P. Jeammet; Silla M. Consoli
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique | 2002
Sarah Bydlowski; Maurice Corcos; Sabrina Paterniti; Olivier Guilbaud; P. Jeammet; Silla M. Consoli