Naíza Nayla Bandeira de Sá

Tendências temporais no consumo de tabaco nas capitais brasileiras, segundo dados do VIGITEL, 2006 a 2011

O objetivo foi analisar a tendencia de indicadores do tabagismo nas capitais brasileiras, segundo dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Protecao para Doencas Cronicas por Inquerito Telefonico (VIGITEL) em adultos, 2006 a 2011. Foi utilizado modelo de regressao linear simples (a = 5%). Houve reducao da prevalencia de fumantes e fumantes pesados entre homens e entre individuos com idade de 35 a 54 anos. Para fumantes, tambem houve reducao no estrato de 9 a 11 anos de estudo e regioes Norte e Centro-oeste. Para fumantes pesados, a queda foi na Regiao Nordeste. A politica regulatoria adotada pelo Brasil tem sido responsavel pelo declinio nas prevalencias do tabaco.

Relação entre violência física, consumo de álcool e outras drogas e bullying entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a associacao entre o consumo de alcool e outras drogas e o bullying com o envolvimento em situacoes de violencia fisica entre adolescentes de 13 a 15 anos, em escolas publicas e privadas das capitais brasileiras e do Distrito Federal. Foram analisados os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saude do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2009. Para analise dos dados foi utilizada a regressao logistica. A prevalencia de envolvimento em situacoes de violencia fisica foi 12,9% maior no sexo masculino. Em ambos os sexos, foram observadas associacoes entre violencia fisica e ser vitima de bullying com o uso de drogas ilicitas e efeito potencializado do consumo de alcool e drogas. Para o sexo masculino, o uso de alcool mostrou associacao significante com violencia fisica. Morar o pai ou ambos os genitores na residencia apresentou associacao inversa para violencia fisica no sexo feminino. O conhecimento de fatores associados a violencia fisica entre adolescentes e importante para auxiliar estrategias de promocao da saude e da cultura de paz, rompendo com a ideia de que a violencia entre adolescentes e algo banal e esperado.This study aimed to identify the association between alcohol and drug consumption and bullying on the one hand and involvement in situations of physical violence among adolescents 13 to 15 years in public and private schools in State capitals and the Federal District of Brazil. The study analyzed data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) for the year 2009. Data analysis used logistic regression. Prevalence of involvement in physical violence was 12.9% more common in boys than girls. Both genders showed associations between physical violence or being a victim of bullying and use of illegal drugs, plus the heightened effect of the combined consumption of alcohol and other drugs. In boys, alcohol consumption showed a significant association with physical violence. Having the father or both parents living at home was inversely associated with physical violence in girls. Knowledge of factors associated with physical violence among adolescents is important for supporting health promotion strategies and a culture of peace, thereby counteracting the idea of taking teenage violence for granted.

Trend of the risk and protective factors of chronic diseases in adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2009 e 2012)

OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of major risk and protection factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in school-aged children in Brazilian capitals surveyed in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey in its two editions, 2009 and 2012. METHODS The frequencies, with Confidence Interval of 95%, of the following demographic variables were compared: food intake, body image, physical activity, smoking, alcohol and other drugs. Prevalence was compared in the two editions of the survey. RESULTS The proportion of students who attend two physical education classes a week was maintained at 49% between 2009 and 2012, increasing in public schools from 50.6% (95%CI 49.8 - 51.4) to 52.5% (95%CI 49.2 - 55.7), and decreasing in private schools. There was no change in the proportion of students who watch two hours or more of television daily, about 80%. As for body image, there was no change between the two editions, and about 60% considered themselves being of normal weight. There was a reduction in the percentage of adolescents who experienced cigarettes, from 24.2% (95%CI 23.6 - 24.8) to 22.3% (95%CI 21.4 - 23.2), and the prevalence of smoking was maintained at about 6% (there was no statistical difference between 2009 and 2012). The consumption of beans, fruits, sweets and soft drinks also decreased. Frequency of drug experimentation was of 8.7% (95%CI 8.3 - 9.1) in 2009, and 9.6% (95%CI 9.0 - 10.3) in 2012, with no difference between confidence intervals, and the frequency of alcohol experimentation was maintained at about 70%; the percentage of use in the past 30 days was also maintained at around 27%. CONCLUSION In the Brazilian capitals, the vast majority of prevalence of risk factors were kept stable in the two editions of the National Survey of School. These data generate evidence to guide the implementation of public policies to minimize the exposure of adolescents to risk factors.

Trends in tobacco consumption from 2006 to 2011 in Brazilian capitals according to the VIGITEL survey

The aim of this study was to analyze trends in indicators of smoking in Brazilian State capitals, according to the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Illnesses Using a Telephone Survey (VIGITEL) in adults, from 2006 to 2011. A simple linear regression model was used (a = 5%). There was a decrease in the prevalence of smokers and heavy smokers among men and in individuals 35 to 54 years of age. Smoking also decreased among individuals with 9-11 years of schooling and in the Northeast, North, and Central West regions. For heavy smokers, the largest decline was in the Northeast. Brazils regulatory policy has been responsible for the decline in tobacco prevalence.

Validade e reprodutibilidade de marcadores do consumo de alimentos e bebidas de um inquérito telefônico realizado na cidade de Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the validity and reproducibility markers of food and beverage intake obtained by means of a telephone-based surveillance system. METHODS Reproducibility was assessed by means of repeated interviews with a 7-15 day interval after the first interview of the system (n=258). Validity was analyzed based on three interviews corresponding to the 24 hour recall method, used as gold standard, 3 days a week, 7 to 15 days after the original telephone interview (n=217). In the study of reproducibility, kappa statistics was used to measure the similarity between the results of the proportions obtained in the first and second interviews. For validation, the proportion of positive reports regarding foods and beverages at the original telephone interview was compared to that obtained by the 24 hour recall method, and the results was analyzed by calculating sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. RESULTS In the reproducibility study, the agreement was almost perfect for the marker milk consumption (0.86), substantial for fruit consumption (0.67), intake of fruits and vegetables, intake of meat with fat and alcohol abuse. The agreement was moderate for the intake of soft drink, and fair for the consumption of vegetables. Regarding the validity, there was an underestimation of fruit, vegetable and milk consumption, except for meat and alcohol when compared with the consumption frequency estimated from the three 24-hours recalls, differences related to soft drink consumption was inexpressive. CONCLUSION The instruments enabled the surveillance of factors which were potentially associated with chronic diseases, however, it is a priority to continue with validation studies in other populations to provide greater system reliability, always considering possible limiting factors.OBJETIVO: avaliar a reprodutibilidade e validade de indicadores de consumo de alimentos e bebidas levantados por meio de entrevistas telefonicas pelo Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Protecao para Doencas Cronicas por Telefone (VIGITEL). METODOS: A reprodutibilidade foi aferida por meio de entrevistas repetidas com intervalos de 7 a 15 dias a partir da primeira entrevista original do sistema (n=258). A validade foi avaliada usando como padrao ouro 3 entrevistas correspondentes a recordatorios de 24h (R24h) em 3 dias da semana, apos 7 a 15 dias da entrevista telefonica original (n=217). No estudo de reprodutibilidade a estatistica kappa foi utilizada para medir a concordância entre os resultados das proporcoes obtidas na primeira e na segunda entrevista. Para a validacao, a proporcao de referencia positiva de alimentos e bebidas na entrevista telefonica original foi comparada aquela obtida nos R24h e sua avaliacao foi analisada por meio do calculo da sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo. RESULTADOS: No estudo de reprodutibilidade, observou-se concordância quase perfeita para o indicador de consumo de leite com teor integral de gordura (0,86); concordância substancial para consumo de frutas (0,67), consumo de frutas e hortalicas, consumo de carne com gordura ou frango com pele e consumo abusivo de bebida alcoolica; concordância moderada para o indicador de consumo de refrigerante; e concordância regular para o indicador do consumo de hortalicas. Com relacao ao estudo de validacao, observou-se subestimacao de indicadores de consumo de frutas, hortalicas e leite integral, exceto para consumo de carne/frango com gordura e bebida alcoolica, quando comparados com a frequencia desse consumo estimada a partir dos tres R24horas; as diferencas para o consumo de refrigerantes foi inexpressiva. CONCLUSAO: Verificou-se que os instrumentos utilizados permitem a vigilância de fatores potencialmente associados a doencas nao transmissiveis, entretanto, e prioritaria a continuidade de estudos de validacao em outras populacoes do sistema, com o objetivo de oferecer maior confiabilidade aos mesmos, sempre considerando as potenciais limitacoes.

Prevalência de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas nas capitais do Brasil - principais resultados do Vigitel 2010

OBJETIVO: descrever os principais fatores de risco e protecao para doencas cronicas com dados do inquerito telefonico de 2010. METODOLOGIA: entrevistas telefonicas realizadas em amostra probabilistica dos adultos residentes nas capitais do Brasil e Distrito Federal com telefone fixo residencial. As prevalencias foram estratificadas por sexo, idade e escolaridade. RESULTADOS: Foi verificado alto consumo de refrigerantes (28%), de carne com gordura (46%) e de consumo abusivo de alcool (18%), e baixo consumo de frutas e hortalicas (18%) e de atividade fisica no lazer (15%). Aproximadamente metade da populacao referiu ter excesso de peso e nao se proteger da radiacao solar. A inatividade fisica e o tabagismo atingem cerca de 15% dos adultos. Fatores de risco foram mais prevalentes em homens, adultos jovens e de menor escolaridade. CONCLUSAO: os resultados apontam diferentes comportamentos em saude da populacao segundo caracteristicas sociodemograficas. Essa variabilidade deve ser considerada nas acoes de promocao de saude.

Acidentes e violência na infância: evidências do inquérito sobre atendimentos de emergência por causas externas - Brasil, 2009

Understanding the characteristics and magnitude of accidents and violence due to external causes in children from 0 to 9 years of age is becoming ever more important in Public Health. The scope of this paper was to analyze emergency care for accidents due to external causes in children. The Sentinel Urgency and Emergency Services of the Violence and Accident Vigilance System (VIVA Survey), performed in 74 urgency services in the Federal District and 23 State capitals in 2009 was used. Data of 7,123 children were analyzed: 6,897 (96.7%) victims of accidents and 226 (3.3%) of violence. In comparison with victims of violence, the visits for accidents were more frequent among white children from 2 to 5 years old occurring in the home (p < 0.05). Among the accidents, falls and burns predominated in the 0 to 1group, while traffic accidents were most frequent in the 6 to 9-year-old age group (p < 0.001). With respect to violence, the visits for neglect and physical assault predominated, respectively, in extreme age groups, with someone in the family being the perpetrator (p < 0.001). Information on the occurrence of external causes in children may support health promotion policies, besides guiding health professionals, teachers and families in the prevention of such causes.

Atendimentos decorrentes de queimaduras em serviços públicos de emergência no Brasil, 2009

The objective was to analyze the characteristics of burn injuries treated in emergency departments (ED) and associated factors. This was a cross-sectional study of 761 ED visits collected through the National Injury Surveillance System in 2009. The majority of patients were males (58.6%), and the most prevalent age brackets were 30-49 years (23.1%) and 0-4 years (23%). Most burns occurred at home (62.1%), especially among females and children, and in commerce/services/industry/construction (19.1%), mainly among males 20-49 years. Work-related burns comprised 29.1% of the overall sample. Alcohol use prior to the injury was reported in 5.1% of cases. Causal agents across all age brackets were: contact with hot substances (43.6%) and exposure to fire and flames (24.2%); among the economically productive age groups, association with chemicals substances was common. Burns in children 0-14 years were associated with injuries at home, contact with heat and hot substances, and subsequent hospitalization; burns in the 15-49-year bracket were associated with exposure to fire/flames and electrical current, injuries occurring in public places, and outpatient treatment and discharge. The study highlights the importance of burn prevention strategies targeting children and workers.

Violências e acidentes entre adultos mais velhos em comparação aos mais jovens: evidências do Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes (VIVA), Brasil

Data from the Brazilian Surveillance System for Violence and Accidents (VIVA) in 2009 were used to examine socio-demographic characteristics, outcomes, and types of accidents and violence treated at 74 sentinel emergency services in 23 Brazilian State capitals and the Federal District. The analysis included 25,201 individuals aged > 20 years (10.1% > 60 years); 89.3% were victims of accidents and 11.9% victims of violence. Hospitalization was the outcome in 11.1% of cases. Compared to the general population, there were more men and non-white individuals among victims of accidents, and especially among victims of violence. As compared to younger adults (20-59 years), accidents and violence against elderly victims showed less association with alcohol, a higher proportion of domestic incidents, more falls and pedestrian accidents, and aggression by family members. Policies for the prevention of accidents and violence should consider the characteristics of these events in the older population.

Perfil das vítimas de violências e acidentes atendidas em serviços de urgência e emergência selecionados em capitais brasileiras: Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes, 2009

Objetivo: descrever perfil das vitimas de violencias/acidentes atendidas em servicos de urgencia/emergencia do Sistema Unico de Saude durante 2009. Metodos: estudo transversal com vitimas de violencias/acidentes atendidas em 74 servicos de urgencia/ emergencia no Distrito Federal e 23 capitais. Utilizou-se amostragem por conglomerados em unico estagio. Os dados foram coletados em turnos de 12 horas, selecionados aleatoriamente, durante 30 dias consecutivos. Resultados: 89,9% dos atendimentos foram por acidentes. Os homens representaram 64,2 e 71,1% dentre as vitimas de acidentes e violencias, respectivamente. 22,9% das vitimas atendidas por acidentes pertenciam a faixa etaria de 20 a 29 anos, os adultos de 20 a 29 anos representaram 34,8% dos atendimentos devido a violencias. Conclusao: maiores proporcoes de atendimentos de vitimas de acidentes e violencias foram: individuos do sexo masculino, com baixa escolaridade, raca/cor da pele parda, situacoes relacionadas ao consumo de alcool e como locais de ocorrencia a residencia e a via publica.