Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo Andrade

Prevalência de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adultos: estudo transversal, Brasil 2012

OBJETIVO:descrever as prevalencias de fatores de risco e protecao para doencas cronicas na populacao adulta brasileira e analisar as diferencas segundo variaveis sociodemograficas.METODOS:estudo transversal com dados de 2012 do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Protecao para Doencas Cronicas por Inquerito Telefonico (Vigitel), incluindo residentes nas capitais brasileiras com idade ≥18 anos; foram calculadas as prevalencias e respectivos intervalos de confianca de 95% (IC95%) segundo sexo, faixa etaria e escolaridade.RESULTADOS:entre 45.448 entrevistados, a prevalencia de tabagismo foi de 12,1% (IC95%: 11,5%-12,8%), inatividade fisica, 14,9% (IC95%: 14,2%-15,5%), consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoolicas, 18,4% (IC95%: 17,7%-19,2%), excesso de peso, 51,0°% (IC95%: 50,1%-51,9%) e obesidade, 17,4°% (IC95%: 16,7%-18,1%); os fatores de risco estudados estiveram associados a maior idade, sexo masculino e menor escolaridade.CONCLUSAO:a prevalencia dos fatores de risco e protecao apresenta diferencas segundo caracteristicas sociodemograficas, a serem consideradas nas estrategias de promocao da saude.

Prevalência de hipertensão arterial autorreferida na população brasileira: análise da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013

Objective: to describe self-reported hypertension prevalence in Brazilian adults (aged 18 or over) for the entire country and by urban/rural areas, regions and states. Methods: this was a descriptive study using 2013 National Health Survey data from a sample of 60,202 adults; prevalence and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated according to sex, age, schooling and race/skin color. Results: hypertension prevalence was 21.4% (95%CI:20.8-22.0); prevalence was highest among women (24.2%; 95%CI:23.4-24.9), individuals aged over 75 (55.0%; 95%CI:51.8-58.3), those with less schooling (31.1%; 95%CI:30.1-32.2), black skin color (24.2%; 95%CI:22.2-26.3), those living in urban areas (21.7%; 95%CI:21.0-22.3), in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (24.9%; 95%CI:22.7-27.1) and in the Southeast region (23.3%; 95%CI:23.3-24.3). Conclusion: hypertension prevalence was high in Brazilian adults, mainly among those aged 60 or over, with less schooling, living in urban areas and in the Southeast region.

Problema crônico de coluna e diagnóstico de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT) autorreferidos no Brasil: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013

OBJETIVO:descrever a prevalencia de problemas cronicos de coluna e de disturbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT) autorreferidos em adultos brasileiros, segundo variaveis sociodemograficas.METODOS:estudo descritivo com 60.202 individuos ≥18 anos incluidos na Pesquisa Nacional de Saude 2013; foram estimadas prevalencias e intervalos de confianca (IC95%).RESULTADOS:a prevalencia de problema cronico de coluna foi de 18,5% (IC95%:17,8-19,1), maior em mulheres (21,1%; IC95%:20,2-21,9), individuos com baixa escolaridade (24,6%; IC95%:23,5-25,6) e residentes na regiao Sul (23,3%; IC95%:21,6-25,1); dos que referiram problema de coluna, 16,4% (IC95%:15,2-17,6) relataram possuir grau intenso/muito intenso de limitacoes nas atividades habituais, principalmente na area rural (20,3%; IC95%:17,5-23,0); a prevalencia de DORT foi de 2,4% (IC95%:2,2-2,7), superior entre mulheres (3,3%; IC95%:2,9-3,7) e individuos com Ensino Superior (3,8; IC95%:3,0-4,7), e mais baixa no Norte (0,7%; IC95%:0,5-1,0).CONCLUSAO:a prevalencia de problema cronico de coluna foi elevada mas a prevalencia de DORT, baixa, possivelmente indicando falta deste diagnostico.

Prevalência de sintomáticos respiratórios em regiões do Distrito Federal, Brasil

The identification of individuals with respiratory symptoms (RS) is important for the early detection of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of RS in three administrative regions of the Federal District, Brazil. For this, we used the 30 by 7 cluster sampling technique proposed by the World Health Organization. Individuals with RS were defined as those aged 15 years or older living in the administrative regions of Estrutural, Itapoa, or Varjao and reporting a cough lasting at least 3 weeks at the date of the interview. The prevalence of RS was 5.7% in Estrutural and Varjao (95% CI: 2.4-9.0) and 4.8% in Itapoa (95%CI: 1.6-7.9), with a design effect close to 1.0. In Estrutural and Itapoa, fewer years of schooling, and in Itapoa and Varjao, lower income, were associated with RS. Cigarette smoking was associated with the presence of RS in all regions. The prevalence of RS in the three administrative regions investigated is consistent with that of other areas with a similar socioeconomic profile.

Socioeconomic inequalities and changes in oral health behaviors among Brazilian adolescents from 2009 to 2012

OBJECTIVE To analyze oral health behaviors changes over time in Brazilian adolescents concerning maternal educational inequalities. METHODS Data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (Brazilian National School Health Survey) were analyzed. The sample was composed of 60,973 and 61,145 students from 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District in 2009 and 2012, respectively. The analyzed factors were oral health behaviors (toothbrushing frequency, sweets consumption, soft drink consumption, and cigarette experimentation) and sociodemographics (age, sex, race, type of school and maternal schooling). Oral health behaviors and sociodemographic factors in the two years were compared (Rao-Scott test) and relative and absolute measures of socioeconomic inequalities in health were estimated (slope index of inequality and relative concentration index), using maternal education as a socioeconomic indicator, expressed in number of years of study (> 11; 9-11; ≤ 8). RESULTS Results from 2012, when compared with those from 2009, for all maternal education categories, showed that the proportion of people with low toothbrushing frequency increased, and that consumption of sweets and soft drinks and cigarette experimentation decreased. In private schools, positive slope index of inequality and relative concentration index indicated higher soft drink consumption in 2012 and higher cigarette experimentation in both years among students who reported greater maternal schooling, with no significant change in inequalities. In public schools, negative slope index of inequality and relative concentration index indicated higher soft drink consumption among students who reported lower maternal schooling in both years, with no significant change overtime. The positive relative concentration index indicated inequality in 2009 for cigarette experimentation, with a higher prevalence among students who reported greater maternal schooling. There were no inequalities for toothbrushing frequency or sweets consumption. CONCLUSIONS There were changes in the prevalences of oral health behaviors during the analyzed period; however, these changes were not related to maternal education inequalities.

Estilos de vida da população brasileira: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013

OBJETIVO:descrever os estilos de vida da populacao brasileira quanto a alimentacao, atividade fisica, consumo de alcool e tabagismo.METODOS:estudo descritivo com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saude 2013, que coletou informacoes em 64.348 domicilios; foram calculadas prevalencias e intervalos de confianca de 95% (IC95%) na populacao ≥18 anos de idade.RESULTADOS:a prevalencia do consumo de frutas e hortalicas foi de 37,3% (IC95%: 36,4%- 38,1%), do consumo excessivo de gorduras, 37,2% (IC95%: 36,4%- 38,0%), de refrigerantes, 23,4% (IC95%: 22,7%- 24,1%) e de feijao, 71,9% (IC95%: 71,2%- 72,6%); a pratica de atividade fisica no tempo livre foi observada em 22,5% dos adultos (IC95%: 21,8%- 23,1%); a prevalencia de tabagismo foi 14,5% (IC95%: 14,0%- 15,0%) e o consumo abusivo de alcool, 13,7% (IC95%: 13,1%- 14,2%).CONCLUSAO:verificou-se elevadas prevalencias de fatores de risco para doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis em adultos.OBJECTIVE:to describe lifestyles of the Brazilian population with regard to nutrition, physical activity, alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking.METHODS:this was a descriptive study using National Health Survey (2013) data collected from 64.348 households. Lifestyle Indicators prevalences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for people aged 18 years or older.RESULTS:prevalences were as follows: Fruits and vegetables 37.3°% (95%CI: 36.4%-38.1%); excessivefat consumption 37.2% (95%CI: 36.4%-38.0%), soft drinks 23.4% (95%CI: 22.7%-24.1%%); beans 71.9% (95%CI: 71.2%-72.6%); practicing physical activity during leisure time was observed in 22.5% of adults (95%CI: 21.8%-23.1%); smoking 14.5% (95%CI: 14.0%-15.0%); alcohol abuse 13.7% (95%CI: 13.1%-14.2%).CONCLUSION:high prevalences of risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases in adults were found.

Perfil das vítimas de violências e acidentes atendidas em serviços de urgência e emergência selecionados em capitais brasileiras: Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes, 2009

Objetivo: descrever perfil das vitimas de violencias/acidentes atendidas em servicos de urgencia/emergencia do Sistema Unico de Saude durante 2009. Metodos: estudo transversal com vitimas de violencias/acidentes atendidas em 74 servicos de urgencia/ emergencia no Distrito Federal e 23 capitais. Utilizou-se amostragem por conglomerados em unico estagio. Os dados foram coletados em turnos de 12 horas, selecionados aleatoriamente, durante 30 dias consecutivos. Resultados: 89,9% dos atendimentos foram por acidentes. Os homens representaram 64,2 e 71,1% dentre as vitimas de acidentes e violencias, respectivamente. 22,9% das vitimas atendidas por acidentes pertenciam a faixa etaria de 20 a 29 anos, os adultos de 20 a 29 anos representaram 34,8% dos atendimentos devido a violencias. Conclusao: maiores proporcoes de atendimentos de vitimas de acidentes e violencias foram: individuos do sexo masculino, com baixa escolaridade, raca/cor da pele parda, situacoes relacionadas ao consumo de alcool e como locais de ocorrencia a residencia e a via publica.

Injuries from traffic accidents and use of protection equipment in the Brazilian population, according to a population-based study.

The article aims to describe the injuries in traffic according to demographic characteristics, use of protective equipment, use of health services, activity limitations and disabilities. The percentage involvement in traffic accidents with injuries, the percentage of use of protective equipment, use of health services, limitation of daily activities, disability and sequelae, according to educational level, race, color, sex, age and region of residence it estimated.The use of safety belt in the adult population was 79.4%and 50.2% in the front seats and back, respectively; the helmet use among motorcycle drivers and passengers were respectively 83.4 and 80.1. Safety equipment are less used in the North and Northeast and in the countryside. Reported car accident last month 3.1%, being higher in males 4.5%, the people of complete primary schooling and School graduate, young adult and the brown race-color. Among the injured received some form of health care due to this accident 52.4%, were admitted 7.7%. They reported having had limitation of daily activities, disabilities and consequences arising from traffic accidents 14.1%. Car accidents are high in the country.

Avanços do Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis no Brasil, 2011-2015

OBJETIVO: descrever as acoes realizadas no âmbito do Plano de Acoes Estrategicas para o Enfrentamento das Doencas Cronicas nao Transmissiveis (DCNT) no Brasil, de 2011 a 2015. METODOS: as acoes foram levantadas por meio de reunioes setoriais, interministeriais, foruns anuais, alem de revisao documental de publicacoes e legislacoes em sitios eletronicos governamentais. RESULTADOS: foram realizadas pesquisas nacionais e monitoramento das metas de reducao de mortalidade e fatores de risco, acoes de estimulo a atividade fisica, alimentacao adequada e promocao da saude mediante a criacao do Programa Academia da Saude, publicacao de legislacao sobre ambientes livres do tabaco, distribuicao gratuita de medicamentos para hipertensao, diabetes e asma, organizacao da rede de atendimento de urgencias para doencas cardiovasculares e ampliacao do acesso ao diagnostico e tratamento do paciente oncologico. CONCLUSAO: observaram-se avancos referentes a vigilância, promocao da saude e cuidado integral; de modo geral, as metas do Plano vem sendo alcancadas.OBJECTIVE to describe the actions undertaken by the Strategic Action Plan for Tackling Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Brazil, from 2011 to 2015. METHODS the actions were identified through sectorial and interministerial meetings, annual forums, as well as document reviews of publications and laws on government websites. RESULTS the actions found were: national surveys and monitoring of mortality and risk factor reduction targets; encouragement of physical activity, adequate nutrition and health promotion through the creation of the Health Gym Program (Programa Academia da Saúde); the publication of legislation on tobacco-free environments; free of charge drugs for hypertension, diabetes, and asthma; organization of the emergency service network for cardiovascular diseases; and expanding access to diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. CONCLUSION we found progress regarding surveillance, health promotion and comprehensive care; in general, the goals of the Plan are being met.

Cuidado em saúde em adultos com hipertensão arterial autorreferida no Brasil segundo dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013

OBJECTIVE To describe health care indicators in adults with self-reported hypertension in Brazil, according to socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS Data from the National Health Survey 2013, a cross-sectional population-based study, about health care of self-reported hypertension and health services were used. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for sex, age, race/color skin and schooling levels, representing Brazil and major regions. RESULTS Hypertension was reported by 21.4% (95%CI 20.8 - 22.0) of respondents, being higher in women and in people without instruction and incomplete middle school. Among these, 45.9% (95%CI 44.0 - 47.7) reported having received medical care for the last time in a basic health unit; 81.4% (95%CI 80.1 - 82.7) reported taking medication for high blood pressure; and 92.0% (95%CI 91.2 - 92.8) reported having taken all requested complementary examinations. CONCLUSION It is important to know the coverage and access to health services for the care of patients with hypertension, in order to improve care quality and reduce identified inequalities.