Nara Liana Pereira-Silva

Resiliência Familiar e Desenvolvimento Humano: Análise da Produção Científica

Studies on family resilience have increased in recent years, but they are still scarce. The main goal of this study is to present an overview of national and international scientific production in the area of family resilience by analyzing abstracts published between 1990 and 2011 according to the following criteria: research topics, sample size, instruments/techniques used for data collection. The databases PsycInfo, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library and BVS- Psi were searched, and 140 publications were found, being 43% research articles, 29% theoretical papers/literature review, 18% books/book chapters and 10% theses/dissertations. The results suggest the need to expand the studies on family resilience, and to use a greater number of participants and of instruments/techniques combined for data collection.

Indicativos de resiliência familiar em famílias de crianças com síndrome de Down

This study aims to characterize and analyze family resilience in families of children with Down syndrome. Five families consisting of father, mother, and children, one child with Down syndrome, participated in this research. The instruments used were: the Characterization of Family System Questionnaire, which was answered by the mother; the Coping Strategies Inventory, which was responded by both parents separately; and interviews conducted with parents and typically developing children. The families were visited three times. Results indicate that in the face of bad events, mainly health problems related to Down syndrome, the families showed ability to make meaning or sense of adversity, and to organize themselves in a cooperative way with dialogue and closer ties. Family resilience was observed in all families investigated. The most frequently used coping strategy was positive reappraisal, while the less frequently used was escape-avoidance.

Workplace Inclusion from the Standpoint of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

Inclusion in the job market offers intellectually disabled individuals the possibility of social and emotional development. The present study sought to explore several aspects of the workplace inclusion process of individuals with intellectual disabilities, based on their accounts of personal experiences. The study enjoyed the participation of four women and fi ve men between 23 and 40 years of age and diagnosed with intellectual disabilities. All of the participants had prior employment experience; four were employed at the time, and fi ve were unemployed. In order to collect the research data, the participants were visited at their homes, where they answered a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The results of the interviews revealed that the workplace inclusion process is largely satisfactory and that inclusion is a right. The results thus indicate that the inclusion context is capable of aiding the development of autonomy, independence, personal satisfaction, productivity and responsibility. We stress the importance of preparing studies aimed at improving the workplace inclusion process, highlighting its role in the development of people with intellectual disabilities by providing empirical data that can support the planning and implementation of public policies on workplace inclusion.

Relação Fraternal e Síndrome de Down: Um Estudo Comparativo

As relacoes fraternais em familias com filhos com e sem sindrome de Down (SD) tem sido pouco investigadas no Brasil. Este estudo descreve o funcionamento familiar e compara os relatos de pais e maes sobre a relacao fraternal em dois tipos de familias, identificando similaridades e diferencas nos relatos destes. Participaram do estudo oito (n = 8) familias compostas por mae, pai e dois filhos, sendo que em quatro delas havia somente membros com desenvolvimento tipico (DT) e nas demais (n = 4) havia um membro com sindrome de Down (F-SD), totalizando oito diades de irmaos, de ambos os sexos (masculino - SD - n=2, DT - n=2; feminino - SD - n=2, DT - n=2), com idades entre cinco a 15 anos. Utilizaram-se o Questionario de Caracterizacao do Sistema Familiar, que foi respondido pelas maes; e entrevistas semiestruturadas , cujos genitores responderam. Os resultados indicam similaridades na rotina diaria das familias, sendo as maes as principais responsaveis pelas tarefas domesticas e cuidados com os filhos, em ambos os tipos de familias. As relacoes fraternais foram descritas, pelos pais e maes, como Mistas e Amistosas em ambos os tipos de familias, caracterizando, portanto, como sendo positivas. O filho com DT foi indicando como lider na maioria das familias com um membro com SD e nas familias com as diades com DT, a maioria dos genitores indicou o filho mais velho. Os dados encontrados sugerem coerencia com os da literatura atual.

The role of scholar psychologist: Conceptions of teachers and managers

Historicamente, a atuacao do psicologo no contexto escolar tem sido mais caracterizada pelo modelo clinico do que por modelos mais sistemicos e institucionais. O presente estudo objetivou descrever as concepcoes de professores e gestores sobre o papel do psicologo escolar. Participaram desta investigacao 38 membros da equipe administrativo-pedagogica e professores de uma escola particular, os quais foram entrevistados na propria escola, tendo sido construidas categorias de analise. Os resultados mostram que gestores e professores concebem o psicologo escolar como um ‘especialista’, mas tambem como um profissional ‘auxiliar’. Alem disso, houve relatos de desconhecimento das funcoes do psicologo. Segundo os participantes, o psicologo deve atuar primordialmente junto aos alunos. Concepcoes similares foram encontradas em outros estudos, apesar de se reconhecer a existencia de criticas a essa modelo. Destaca-se a importância de intervencoes com o foco na prevencao e promocao do desenvolvimento.

Ajustamento Conjugal: Comparação entre Casais com e sem Filhos com Deficiência Intelectual

El presente estudio objetiva comparar el ajuste conyugal entre parejas con un hijo con discapacidad intelectual y parejas con hijos con desarrollo tipico, identificando las asociaciones de esta variable con las caracteristicas del funcionamiento del sistema familiar. Participaron 101 familias, siendo 80 de ellas con hijos con desarrollo tipico y 21 con uno de los hijos con discapacidad intelectual. Se utilizaron el Cuestionario de Caracterizacion del Sistema Familiar y la Escala de Ajuste Conyugal - EAC (DAS-Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Los resultados muestran que la relacion conyugal, en ambos grupos, es buena y no hay diferencias significativas en el ajuste conyugal entre las parejas. El analisis de las dimensiones de la EAC muestra correlacion significativa, positiva y moderada, solamente para la Expresion de Afecto. Los datos indican que la discapacidad del hijo no constituye un obstaculo para el ajuste conyugal de la pareja, hecho que deberia ser mejor investigado en las familias brasilenas.This study aims to compare the dyadic adjustment between couples with a child with intellectual disabilities and couples with children with typical development identifying the associations of this variable with characteristics of the functioning of the family system. The study included 101 families, 80 of them with children with typical development and 21 of them with one of the children with intellectual disabilities. The instruments used were Family Characteristics Questionnaire and Dyadic Adjustment Scale - DAS. The results show that the marital relationship, in both groups, is good and there are no significant differences regarding the dyadic adjustment between couples. The analysis of the dimensions of the DAS shows significant correlation, positive and moderate, but only in relation to the variable Affect Expression. The data indicate that the childs disability is not a hindrance to the couple dyadic adjustment, a fact that should be further investigated in Brazilian families.

Marital Adjustment: Comparison between Couples with Children with and without Intellectual Disability

El presente estudio objetiva comparar el ajuste conyugal entre parejas con un hijo con discapacidad intelectual y parejas con hijos con desarrollo tipico, identificando las asociaciones de esta variable con las caracteristicas del funcionamiento del sistema familiar. Participaron 101 familias, siendo 80 de ellas con hijos con desarrollo tipico y 21 con uno de los hijos con discapacidad intelectual. Se utilizaron el Cuestionario de Caracterizacion del Sistema Familiar y la Escala de Ajuste Conyugal - EAC (DAS-Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Los resultados muestran que la relacion conyugal, en ambos grupos, es buena y no hay diferencias significativas en el ajuste conyugal entre las parejas. El analisis de las dimensiones de la EAC muestra correlacion significativa, positiva y moderada, solamente para la Expresion de Afecto. Los datos indican que la discapacidad del hijo no constituye un obstaculo para el ajuste conyugal de la pareja, hecho que deberia ser mejor investigado en las familias brasilenas.This study aims to compare the dyadic adjustment between couples with a child with intellectual disabilities and couples with children with typical development identifying the associations of this variable with characteristics of the functioning of the family system. The study included 101 families, 80 of them with children with typical development and 21 of them with one of the children with intellectual disabilities. The instruments used were Family Characteristics Questionnaire and Dyadic Adjustment Scale - DAS. The results show that the marital relationship, in both groups, is good and there are no significant differences regarding the dyadic adjustment between couples. The analysis of the dimensions of the DAS shows significant correlation, positive and moderate, but only in relation to the variable Affect Expression. The data indicate that the childs disability is not a hindrance to the couple dyadic adjustment, a fact that should be further investigated in Brazilian families.

Ajuste Conyugal: Comparación entre Parejas con y sin Hijos con Discapacidad Intelectual

El presente estudio objetiva comparar el ajuste conyugal entre parejas con un hijo con discapacidad intelectual y parejas con hijos con desarrollo tipico, identificando las asociaciones de esta variable con las caracteristicas del funcionamiento del sistema familiar. Participaron 101 familias, siendo 80 de ellas con hijos con desarrollo tipico y 21 con uno de los hijos con discapacidad intelectual. Se utilizaron el Cuestionario de Caracterizacion del Sistema Familiar y la Escala de Ajuste Conyugal - EAC (DAS-Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Los resultados muestran que la relacion conyugal, en ambos grupos, es buena y no hay diferencias significativas en el ajuste conyugal entre las parejas. El analisis de las dimensiones de la EAC muestra correlacion significativa, positiva y moderada, solamente para la Expresion de Afecto. Los datos indican que la discapacidad del hijo no constituye un obstaculo para el ajuste conyugal de la pareja, hecho que deberia ser mejor investigado en las familias brasilenas.This study aims to compare the dyadic adjustment between couples with a child with intellectual disabilities and couples with children with typical development identifying the associations of this variable with characteristics of the functioning of the family system. The study included 101 families, 80 of them with children with typical development and 21 of them with one of the children with intellectual disabilities. The instruments used were Family Characteristics Questionnaire and Dyadic Adjustment Scale - DAS. The results show that the marital relationship, in both groups, is good and there are no significant differences regarding the dyadic adjustment between couples. The analysis of the dimensions of the DAS shows significant correlation, positive and moderate, but only in relation to the variable Affect Expression. The data indicate that the childs disability is not a hindrance to the couple dyadic adjustment, a fact that should be further investigated in Brazilian families.