Nelcino Francisco de Paula

Supplementation frequency and proteins sources for growing of steers in pasture during the dry season: productive and economical performance

Two experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating the effects of the frequency of supplementation with two proteins sources on productive and economical performance (experiment 1) and the nutrients digestibility of steers in supplemented pasture during the dry season over a year. It was used twenty weaned zebu calves at the age of 10 months and initial live weight (LW) of 208.43 kg, distributed in four paddocks of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, each one with 1.6 ha. Both experiments were structured in 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two supplements (with soybean meal and high energy cottonseed meal). There was no protein sources × supplementation frequency interaction for any of the economical and productive performance traits. The protein sources didn’t affect the daily average gain, but the frequency of supply affected performance, which was better in the animals under supplementation at three times a week (0.670 kg /day). The highest economic return was obtained with the offer of supplement with cottonseed meal three times a week. The frequency of supplementation affect the nutrients intake, while the protein source of the supplement had effect only on the ethereal extract intake, which was higher in the animals that consumed the supplement with cottonseed meal. The supplement with high energy cottonseed meal provided higher digestibility of diet crude protein. The supply of supplement three times a week, not only reduces the costs of supplementation, but it possibilities a higher performance than the one obtained with daily supplementation. The use of higher energy cottonseed meal in multiple supplements replacing soybean meal is satisfactory mainly under economical point of view.

Suplementação infrequente e fontes proteicas para recria de bovinos em pastejo no período seco: parâmetros nutricionais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of protein sources and frequency of supplement offer on the intake and nutrient digestibility, on the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3), on rumen pH and on serum urea nitrogen concentrations in steers grazing pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu during the dry season. Five crossbred Zebu × Angus steers with initial live weight of 295 kg, castrated and fitted with rumen canullae were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. It was evaluated two isoprotein supplements, one with soybean meal (SM) and the other with high energy cottonseed meal, offered at two frequencies: every day (7 times a week), or 3 times a week (on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays); and a mineral mixture (MM). The supplementation increased the intake of CP, of ether extract (EE) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) in kg/day. The supplement with cottonseed meal increased the intake of ether extract. There was a positive effect of the three times a week supplementation on the intakes of total dry matter, of forage, of organic matter of forage, total carbohydrates (TC) and NDF. The supplementation reduced the digestibility of the NDF and increased the digestibility of the CP. The supplement with cottonseed meal reduced digestibility of NDF and total carbohydrates. Three times a week supplementation did not affect digestibility of the nutrients neither the rumen pH. Supplement intake increases concentrations of N-NH3, especially if it is carried out 3 times a week. Concentrations of urea nitrogen in the serum of growing steers increase.

Levels of supplementation for grazing pregnant beef cows during the dry season

ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of multiple supplement supply on the nutritional characteristics and productive performance of pregnant cows grazing on Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. during the dry season. The experimental area was composed of four 3.0 ha paddocks with availability of potentially digestible dry matter of 2,582 kg/ha. Twenty-eight crossbred pregnant cows with predominance of Zebu breed at body weight of 446±12 kg were utilized in a completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted of mineral supplement (control treatment) and supply of multiple supplement at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/animal/day with 300 g crude protein (CP)/kg of dry matter (DM). There was quadratic effect of multiple supplementation levels on daily weight gain and a linear increase for finalbodyconditionscore.The intakes of DM, organic matter (OM) and total digestible nutrients presented no effect with levels of multiple supplement. The coefficientsofapparentdigestibilityofDMandOMhadcubiceffectwithmultiplesupplementationlevels.Therewasno effect of levels of multiple supplementation on the microbial nitrogen flowandefficiency,butthemicrobialnitrogenflowin relation to nitrogen intake showed decreasing linear profile.Thesupplyof1.0kgofmultiplesupplementoptimizestheperformance of grazing cows during the dry season.Key Words: multiple supplement, nutritional parameters, weight gain

Parâmetros sanguíneos de vacas leiteiras mantidas em pasto suplementadas com diferentes fontes proteicas

The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with different protein sources in the diets for dairy cows kept on Brachiaria brizantha MG5 grass pasture on serum levels of the glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and urea as well as on enzymes gama grutamil transferase, creatinine quinase and aminotransferase. We have evaluated the following protein sources: bean byproduct, soybean meal, sunflower meal and cottonseed meal. Eight crossbred cows (Holstein x Gir) were used, weighing 500±60.33 kg, average milk production of 14.85±3.28 kg/day, between the 60th and the 90th day of calving, by a simultaneous double 4 x 4 latin square design 4 x 4. Each experimental period lasted 15 days, of which the first 10 days were designed to animal adaptation and the final five days for data collection. There was an interaction effect (P 0.05) of protein sources for the triglycerides, cholesterol and urea levels, averaging 6.46±2.05, 182.43±37.52 and 38.20±12.29 mg/dL, respectively. There was a significant effect (P 0.05) serum enzyme levels of glutamine transferase, creatinine quinase and aminotransferase, averaging 26.76±8.02, 112.13±20.13 and 58.79±31.72 IU/L, respectively. The protein sources promoted changes on blood glucose with the sampling time, while sampling time altered triglycerides and urea levels. Changes to other blood metabolites were not observed.