Nilton Nagib Jorge Chalfun

Antecipação de safra para videira Niágara Rosada na região sul do estado de Minas Gerais

Este experimento foi conduzido em propriedade particular no municipio de Caldas-MG, durante o ciclo 1999/ 2000, utilizando plantas pre-estabelecidas da cultivar Niagara Rosada enxertadas sobre RR 101-14, visando a antecipar o periodo de colheita da videira no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais. Foi comparado o efeito da poda antecipada, do uso de cobertura plastica e da irrigacao com o sistema de producao, por meio dos seguintes tratamentos: poda antecipada, com cobertura plastica, com e sem irrigacao; poda antecipada e poda convencional. Avaliaram-se o comprimento do ciclo, acumulo de graus-dia da poda a maturacao, caracteristicas fisicas: diâmetro transversal e longitudinal, peso e numero de cachos por planta e as caracteristicas quimicas: teor de solidos soluveis totais, pH e acidez total titulavel. Apesar do maior acumulo de graus-dia, a cobertura plastica nao promoveu reducao no ciclo vegetativo e causou reducao na producao. A poda antecipada sem cobertura plastica permitiu uma precocidade de 42 dias na colheita, sem aumentar o custo de producao do vinhedo. As plantas submetidas a poda convencional a ceu aberto apresentaram maior numero e peso de cachos, maiores valores de diâmetro e teor de SST. Nao houve diferenca significativa entre pH e acidez.

Enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de oliveira sob efeito de diferentes épocas, substratos e concentrações de ácido indolbutírico

Com o objetivo de avaliar o enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de oliveira (Olea europaea L.), sob efeito de diferentes epocas, substratos e concentracoes de acido indolbutirico (AIB), foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG em Maria da Fe, MG, dois experimentos, sob condicoes de casa-de-vegetacao rustica. As estacas foram coletadas da cultivar Ascolano 315, e os experimentos instalados nos meses de fevereiro de 2000 (09/02) e abril de 2000 (27/04). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, compreendendo, respectivamente, quatro substratos: areia, vermiculita, areia/terra 1/1(v/v) e terra, e quatro concentracoes: 0, 1.000, 3.000 e 5.000 mg.L-1 de AIB, com quatro repeticoes. Pelos resultados, observa-se que e possivel o enraizamento de estacas dessa especie em instalacoes rusticas, obtendo-se 48,44% de enraizamento no substrato areia/terra 1:1(v/v) e 44,28% quando utilizou-se o tratamento com AIB na concentracao de 3.000 mg.L-1 de estacas coletadas em fevereiro 2000.

Propagação de estacas apicais de figueira: diferentes ambientes, ácido indolbutríco e tipo de estaca

The aim of work was to verify the influence of different ambient, apical bud and indolbutyric acid in the rooting of fig tree apical cutting. Woody cutting of fig tree apical was collected in August, standardized with 20 cm of length and without leaves. The treatments were constituted of cutting with or without the apical bud, immerged or not in solution of IBA at 2000 mg.L-1 for 10 seconds and two different propagation ambient (green house, with temperature around 27±2°C and 85% UR; telado, constituted by sombrite at 50% of brightness). The cuttings were conditioned in bag plastic (10 x 20 cm, capacity of 650 cm3), filled with substrate soil and sand 2:1 v/v. After 60 days, rooting and sprouting percentage, number of leaves, sprouts and roots emitted the cutting and sprouts lengths were evaluated. It was ended that the green house represents the propagation ambient ideal for fig tree apical cutting; the apical bud should be maintained in the cutting; there is not need use of IBA.

Enraizamento de estacas lenhosas e semilenhosas de cultivares de ameixeira com várias concentrações de ácido indolbutírico

To evaluate the rooting potential of hardwood and softwood stem cuttings of four plum cultivars (Carmesin, Gema de Ouro, Januaria, e Reubennel), was used exogenous applications of indolbutyric acid (IBA) in different concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000mg L-1). The experimental was carried out at Universidade Federal de Lavras (Lavras, MG, Brazil) in 1997. After the treatments, the cuttings were planted in washed-sand. The hardwoods cuttings were placed in shade-house and the softwoods cuttings in greenhouse. Were evaluated the rooting percentage, root number and root length. The best results were obtained with softwood cuttings of the cultivar Januaria (54,62%). The rooting formation, root number and root length of the softwood cuttings were influenced by IBA.

Substratos na indução e desenvolvimento in vitro de raízes em dois porta-enxertos de macieira

.O€experimento foi dividido em duas fases. Na€primeira fase, os tratamentos consistiram no uso de trŒssubstratos para a inducao do enraizamento: AEgar, Plantmax€+ AEgar e vermiculita€+ AEgar, com meio MS/2acrescido de vitaminas, glicina, mio-inositol, sacarose e AEcido indolbutirico (AIB). Apos sete dias nestemeio, as brotacies foram recultivadas para meio MS com AEgar (7€g€L

Production of peach grafts under hydroponic conditions

The objective of the present work was to study the feasibility of producing Okinawa rootstocks and peach grafts using a hydroponic system. The study was conducted in two phases. The growth and development of Okinawa rootstocks under hydroponic conditions were determined in the first phase, and in the second phase, the viability of grafting production of peach cultivars Aurora and Diamante associated with different types of rootstocks. The parameters analysed were the time required for 60 to 75% plants to reach the stages of transplanting (15 cm height) and grafting (4 to 6 cm stem diameter), the percentage of sprouting grafts determined 20 days after grafting, and the height of the shoots measured every 7 days until grafts were 40 cm high measured from the crown. Although 13% of the Okinawa rootstocks grown under hydroponic conditions presented undesirable genetic segregation characteristics, transplanting was reached at 30 days after transference (DAT) to hydroponic conditions and grafting at 61 DAT. Proximal pruning at 5 cm gave rise to grafts of 47.53 cm in height at 116 DAT, and both cultivar showed 100% graft sprouting with the cultivar Aurora presenting higher growth.

Alternatives for post-harvest control of brown rot and soft rot in peach fruits

The consumers demand are increasing with regard to the quality of in nature products. The rot, besides causing loss in production, reduce the quality of the product, interfering significantly in the marketing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of alternative products, used during the post-harvest, in order to control the brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) and the soft rot (Rhizopus spp.) in peaches. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Nepomuceno-MG in peaches of cultivar Diamond, of 10 years of planting. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 7 treatments and 3 repetitions. For the study, it was selected fruits without injuries and symptoms of the diseases. The fruits were immersed for 30 seconds in a solution containing the following treatments: 1- clove oil 0.01%; 2-Chlorine dioxide 0.1%; 3-Chlorine dioxide 0.05%; 4-Benzalkonium chloride 0.25%; 5-Dichloran 0.12%, 6-Iprodione 0.15% and 7-control (water only). After the treatments, the fruits, in a number of 10, were placed in sterile trays, in three replicates. The experiment was carried out in uncontrolled environmental conditions, the development of the diseases were evaluated 3 and 5 days after the treatments in 2005 and 3, 6 and 9 days after treatment in 2006. The use of Iprodione controlled the incidence and severity of M. fructicola and Rhizopus spp. The Dichloran was the most effective treatment in the control of Rhizopus spp. and intermediate in the control of M. fructicola. The treatments with clove oil and chlorine dioxide, at the highest concentration, reduced the incidence of Rhizopus spp. and to severity they showed intermediate results.

MASSA SECA E ACÚMULO DE NUTRIENTES EM MUDAS ENXERTADAS DE PEREIRA EM SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO

RESUMOO trabalho objetivou determinar a producao de massa da materia seca das partes da planta e o acumulo total de macro e micronutrientes pelas mudas enxertadas de cultivares de pereira em condicoes hidroponicas. Utilizou-se do delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x 3, com quatro repeticoes. Os fatores emestudo foram: tres cultivares (Triunfo, Tenra e Cascatense) e tres tipos de enxertia (borbulhia em placa - BP; borbulhia em ‘T’ invertido – BT, e garfagem de fenda cheia –GF). Avaliaram-se a massa seca da parte area, do sistema radicular e total, e o acumulo total de nutrientes. O metodo de enxertia de garfagem de fenda cheia e as cultivares Tenra e Triunfo sao indicados para a producao de mudas de pereira em sistema hidroponico. No acumulo de nutrientes nas mudas de pereira, independentemente da cultivar, estabeleceu-se a seguinte ordem para macronutrientes: N>Mg>K>Ca>P>S; e para os micronutrientes: Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu.

Variabilidade genética de acessos de araçazeiro e goiabeira suscetíveis e resistentes a Meloidogyne enterolobii

Guava culture stands for an important fruit-growing business in Brazil, with a greater and greater market. But, since 1989 severe damages to the culture caused by the nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii, have been reported. One the alternatives to solve this problem is the use of rootstocks with resistance to this nematode. This research aimed at the molecular characterization, with RAPD markers, of Psidium accessions susceptible to be utilized as rootstocks for the commercial guava trees. 30 primers were tested, from which 19 supplied distinct results for the amplification. The primers generated 163 polymorphic marks, resulting into a mean of 8,6 polymorphic bands per primer. The cluster analysis was performed per species, the accessions of Psidium sp presented the formation of two groups, one formed by A-UFLA accession and the other subdivided into four subgroups, that is, the accession with increased genetic distances, A-Ufla, resistant to M. enterolobii, A-Ufla4 and A-Ufla5, both susceptible to the nematode in issue, all collected in Lavras-MG with a similarity of about 66%. In the cluster analysis of the thirteen accessions of P.cattleyanum, it was possible to found the formation of two great groups. One made up by three accessions susceptible to M. enterolobii (A-20.2, A-10.1 and A-9.2) and the other group formed by ten accessions. The accessions grouped together according to the region of origin in six groups, the most divergent being that native to region of Lavras - MG, with 0.65 of similarity, where the genetic distances ranged from 0.88 to 0.65. The thirteen accessions of P. guineense, all susceptible to M. enterolobii, namely, 12 coming from Recife and one proceeding from Pelotas (A-14.1), grouped themselves together and two groups with similarity ranging from 0.59 to 0.83. As to the diversity study among the guava tree accessions, the greatest genetic distances were detected between the accessions G.P.S and G-Ufla with 0,71 Lavras-MG.

Enraizamento adventício de estacas apicais de figueira e desenvolvimento inicial das plantas no campo

Apesar de a propagacao vegetativa da figueira ser praticada ha muito tempo, estudos para definir novas metodologias sao importantes, notadamente com o uso de estacas apicais e reguladores vegetais. Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar o comportamento de plantas de figueira no campo, previamente enraizadas, com o uso de sacarose diluida em solucoes de AIB. Estacas lenhosas e lisas da porcao apical de figueira com 20 cm de comprimento foram imersas em solucoes sem e com sacarose a 2%, em AIB (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000 mg.L-1), por 5 segundos. Apos as imersoes, as estacas foram acondicionadas em recipientes de 26 x 14 cm preenchidos com substrato a base de terra e areia (2:1 v/v) e transferidas para câmara de nebulizacao com sistema de irrigacao e temperatura controlada. Apos 60 dias, realizou-se a primeira avaliacao em atributos referentes ao sistema radicular e parte aerea. Uma outra parte das plantas foi transferida para recipientes constituidos de plastico rigido com capacidade de 5 litros, preenchidos com substratos constituidos de terra e esterco de curral (3:1 v/v), em campo. Apos 120 dias, constatou-se que estacas tratadas e nao tratadas com sacarose e AIB na fase de enraizamento possuem comportamentos semelhantes no campo, havendo necessidade do tratamento de estacas com AIB somente para aumentar a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas.