José Darlan Ramos

Características físicas do maracujá-amarelo produzido em diferentes épocas

The research aimed at evaluating the physical alterations of the yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener), produced in different seasons in the South of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experimental design used was a completely randomized one, with three treatments (seasons): GS1 (May to July/1995), low temperature and rainfall; GS2 (October to December/1995), moderate temperature and rainfall, and GS3 (January to March/1996), high temperature and rainfall, ten replications and five fruits per plot. The fruits produced in GS2 were significantly better for mass, length, diameter and number of seeds, but GS1 provided the smallest rind thickness and highest juice content

Confirmação de híbridos interespecíficos artificiais no gênero passiflora por meio de marcadores RAPD

The generation of passion fruit interspecific hybrids is interesting to improve agronomic traits of Passiflora edulis commercial species in genetic breeding programs, in generation of new genetic materials to use as rootstock and as alternative ornamental plants. In this work, 17 interespecific hybrids were obtained and RAPD molecular markers were utilized to confirm the interspecific hybridizations. Genomic DNA samples of each supposed hybrid and its putative genitors were extracted and amplified using 12 decamer primers to obtain RAPD molecular markers. These markers have been analyzed concerning the presence of informative bands for confirmation of the crossed fertilization. The crossing between P. laurifolia x P. nitida; P. edulis f. flavicarpa GA2 x RC1 (GA2 x P. coccinea); P. caerulea x P. amethystina; P. glandulosa x P. galbana; P. coccinea x P. actinia; P. glandulosa x P. edulis f. flavicarpa GA2; P. sidaefolia x P. actinia; P. galbana x P. actinea; F1 (P. coccinea x P. setacea) x P. coccinea; F1 (P. coccinea x P. setacea) x P. mucronata; P. eichleriana x P. gibertii; P. galbana x P. edulis f. flavicarpa GA2; P. glandulosa x P. edulis edulis Cinza TO; P. glandulosa x P. sidaefolia; P. coccinea x P. setacea were confirmed. Thus, it was verified the genetic compatibility between these species, being possible to use them in breeding programs. RAPD markers have revealed themselves as excellent tools to verify the occurrence or not of crossed fecundation in Passiflora.

Diferentes ambientes e Osmocote® na produção de mudas de tamarindeiro (Tamarindus indica)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos de diferentes ambientes e doses de Osmocote® na producao de mudas de tamarindeiro (Tamarindus indica L). Um experimento foi instalado no Pomar da Universidade Federal de Lavras-MG, empregando-se delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com quatro repeticoes e cinco plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos se constituiram dos diferentes ambientes de formacao de mudas (casa de vegetacao, telado e a ceu aberto) e de quatro doses de Osmocote®: 0; 3; 6 e 9 kg m-3 de substrato. Avaliaram-se a altura da muda (cm), comprimento da raiz (cm), numero de folhas/planta, materia seca da parte aerea (g), materia seca da raiz (g) e a materia seca total (g). Os resultados demonstraram que o Osmocote® (15-10-10) pode ser recomendado para a formacao de mudas de tamarindo, em doses de ate 6,0 kg.m-3. O ambiente a ceu aberto foi o que proporcionou melhor qualidade as mudas.

Sacarose e pH na germinação in vitro de grãos de pólen de citros

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da sacarose e pH na germinacao in vitro de graos de polen das cultivares Valencia, Natal e Pera. Para testar o efeito da sacarose, os graos de polen foram distribuidos uniformemente em placas de Petri contendo meio de cultura basico constituido de 10 gL-1 de agar, 800 mgL-1 de nitrato de calcio e 200 mgL-1 de acido borico, acrescido de sacarose (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 gL-1). Para verificacao do pH satisfatorio, os graos de polen foram inoculados em meio de cultura contendo 10 gL-1 de agar e 800 mgL-1 de nitrato de calcio, 200 mgL-1 de acido borico,100 gL-1 de sacarose e pH de 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,5; 6,0; 6,5. Apos inoculacao, os graos de polen foram incubados em BOD a 25oC por 12 horas. A porcentagem de germinacao foi obtida com auxilio de microscopio optico com objetiva de 10 X. Para todas as cultivares estudadas, a maior porcentagem de germinacao foi obtida com 100 gL-1 de sacarose e o maior numero de graos de polen germinados foi verificado em pH 6,5, sendo observado que maiores valores de pH aumentaram tambem a quantidade de polens estourados para as cultivares Natal e Pera e diminuiram para Valencia.

Fenologia reprodutiva de pitaia vermelha no município de Lavras, MG

The study of phenology can contribute to improve the productivity of crops and fruit quality. The study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive phenology of red pitaya in Lavras, MG, Brazil. It was evaluated in one hundred plants of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose) the subphases periods from the issuance of buds to fruit ripening from 2008 to 2010. The bud develops from 19 to 21 days. The anthesis is nocturnal which lasts about 15 hours. The maturation occurs from 30 to 40 days after flower opening, when the fruit acquires color pink to deep red and firm texture. In Lavras, MG the reproductive period of red pitaya occurs from November to May and the time of appearance of flower buds to fruit harvest is from 50 to 60 days.

Crescimento de pitaia vermelha com adubação orgânica e granulado bioclástico

The objective of the study was to evaluate the growth of red pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) subjected to organic fertilization and calcified seaweed application. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with eight fertilization: control, cattle manure, chicken manure, calcified seaweed, cattle manure + chicken manure, cattle manure + calcified seaweed, chicken manure + calcified seaweed and cattle manure + chicken manure + calcified seaweed, applied every three months, with three replications and plot consisted of four plants. There were no significant differences in the length and in the number of central cladodes. There were significant differences in the number of side cladodes removed and in cladodes above the support. Fertilization with cattle manure + chicken manure + calcified seaweed favored the growth of red pitaya.

Production of seedlings of papaya tree using Bokashi and Lithothamnium

The work had the objective to evaluate the growth of papaya seedlings of the Solo group, under different doses of the natural fertilizers bokashi (fermented organic matter) and powderd sea algae (Lithothamnium sp). The substrate used was a mixture of soil, sand and organic compost (3:2:1, v/v). Treatments consisted of four doses of the bokashi fertilizer (0; 3; 6; 10%, v/v) and four doses of lithothamnium fertilizer (0; 3; 6; 10 g L-1), added to the substrate, before the filling of the bags. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks, in a 4x4 factorial outline, with four repetitions and five plants per experimental plot. Evaluations were done at 15, 30, 60 and 100 days after seeding, which were: emergence (%), number of leaves, the shoot and the root length of the plant (cm), aerial, root and total dry matter weight (mg). There was significant interaction of the factors tested for the shoot length, at sixty and at hundred days after seeding; an isolated effect of the bokashi for all the analyzed variables, except for emergence, shoot length and number of leaves at thirty days after seeding. The conjugated use of the fertilizers showed a positive effect on precocity and plant height, and could be recommended in the formulation of substrate for the production of papaya seedlings.

Propagação de estacas apicais de figueira: diferentes ambientes, ácido indolbutríco e tipo de estaca

The aim of work was to verify the influence of different ambient, apical bud and indolbutyric acid in the rooting of fig tree apical cutting. Woody cutting of fig tree apical was collected in August, standardized with 20 cm of length and without leaves. The treatments were constituted of cutting with or without the apical bud, immerged or not in solution of IBA at 2000 mg.L-1 for 10 seconds and two different propagation ambient (green house, with temperature around 27±2°C and 85% UR; telado, constituted by sombrite at 50% of brightness). The cuttings were conditioned in bag plastic (10 x 20 cm, capacity of 650 cm3), filled with substrate soil and sand 2:1 v/v. After 60 days, rooting and sprouting percentage, number of leaves, sprouts and roots emitted the cutting and sprouts lengths were evaluated. It was ended that the green house represents the propagation ambient ideal for fig tree apical cutting; the apical bud should be maintained in the cutting; there is not need use of IBA.

Utilização de água residuária de suinocultura na produção de mudas de maracujazeiro-azedo cv Redondo Amarelo

Besides being a nutrient source, the swine wastewater is a practice of water reutilization and it avoids water and soil pollution. This work was carried out to evaluate the swine wastewater application for yellow passion fruit development. It was used the completely randomized block design, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications and seven plants per plot, being the wastewater levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent) and substrates (commercial and soil + sand mixture, in the proportion of 2:1). After 60 days, it was evaluated the length of both the aerial part and the root system (cm), leaves number, leaf area (cm2) and dry matter weight from both the aerial part and the roots (mg) and both foliar and fertility analysis of the sand/soil mixture substrat. The best passion fruit seedlings development happened with the swine wastewater application at levels 100 percent. The swine wastewater utilization in initial stage supplied the nutritional demand of the passion fruit seedlings without the supplement of commercial fertilizers. The commercial substrate utilization provided a higher passion fruit seedlings development.

Viabilidade do pólen de laranjas doces em diferentes condições de armazenamento

O presente trabalho foi realizado visando avaliar a viabilidade de graos de polen armazenados das cultivares copas citricas Natal, Pera e Valencia. O polen foi submetido a 3 temperaturas de armazenamento: -10oC (freezer), 4oC ( refrigerador) e temperatura ambiente; 2 ambientes (com e sem dessecador) e na presenca e ausencia de silica-gel. A avaliacao do indice de germinacao foi feita com o polen fresco e a cada 7 dias, durante 9 semanas. Para avaliar a germinacao foi utilizado meio constituido de 1% de agar e 10% de sacarose, 800 mg L-1 de nitrato de calcio (Ca(NO3)2 4H2O), 200 mg L-1 de Acido Borico (H3BO3) e pH corrigido para 6,5. Os graos de polen foram incubados a temperatura de 25 ± 2oC por 12 horas. As avaliacoes foram realizadas atraves da porcentagem de graos de polen germinados. Constatou-se que os graos de polen possuem reducao na viabilidade com o aumento do tempo de armazenamento; o armazenamento em freezer (-10oC) foi mais eficiente do que em refrigerador (4oC) e a temperatura ambiente. Melhores resultados foram alcancados com os tratamentos em freezer com silica-gel dentro de dessecador e em freezer sem silica-gel dentro de dessecador. A cultivar Valencia apresentou-se superior as demais em todos os tratamentos.