Noor Hafizah Abdul Aziz

Energy Efficient Lighting System Design for Building

Lighting contributes the highest amount of electricity usage in a building. Generally, lighting will consume from 20% until 50% of the electricity consumption. The efficient and effective use of lighting can offer major energy and cost saving. This research investigates and analyses the energy management in a building and presents the design of energy efficient lighting systems. The first part propose a design of energy efficient lighting which will help users to determine the ideal number of luminaries needed in certain room without reducing the quality of lighting. The design was develop via Matlab. The second part is an audit and cost study to demonstrate the wastefulness of commercial, industrial, residential and community lighting. Based on the study, the design for improvement of current lighting system called Lamp Replacement had been proposed. The major findings in this project are that the energy-efficient lighting design could still be achieved without sacrificing the visual comfort and quality of lighting and replacement of older fixtures with new luminaries can greatly improve efficiency.

Implementation of GPS for location tracking

Stand alone global positioning system receivers are widely used nowadays to accurately locating ones position. By using stand alone GPS receivers the distance between two locations on earth can also be measured. This project is aim to design and implement a low cost Global Positioning System suitable to be used for hiking, climbing and sailing activities. The function of the GPS is to locate the position of user. The effects of line of sights in relation to different experimented locations are also studied. In this project, the hardware used is PIC18F4520 integrated with GPS receiver typed FV-M8. The GPS modules will generate the coordinates of latitude and longitude as well as the bearing angles between two positions. The algorithm to calculate the distance between two positions was developed by using PIC C Compiler. The written algorithm extracted the data from the GPS receiver via the RS232 communication. Microcontroller is used to parse the NMEA data sentences and execute the algorithm. Finally, the output is displayed to a LCD display unit. System testing conducted showed that for a few chosen different locations, geographical view and weather conditions, overall results give an average of 10 % different compared with ideal theoretical calculated results.

Evaluation of Stable Cluster Head Election (SCHE) routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) will enable the reliable monitoring of a variety environment for both civil and military applications. Routing protocols have significant impact on the overall energy dissipation of sensor networks. This project present the development of an energy efficient routing protocol which consumes significantly less power compared to existing routing protocol for wireless sensor network. The design was developed based on low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) routing protocol. Clustering is an energy efficient and scalable way to organize the WSN. The main objective is to minimize the energy dissipation of each sensor node and reduces the energy dissipation for the whole network. Stable cluster head election (SCHE) analyzes the cluster head selection to find the optimal probability of becoming a cluster head. Simulation of Matlab shows that this design reduces communication energy by as much as 95% compared to LEACH, due to stable cluster head election.

SMS flood alert system

Flood disaster is considered a norm for Malaysians since Malaysia is located near the Equator. Flood disaster usually happens due to improper irrigation method in a housing area or the sudden increase of water volume in a river. Flood disaster often causes lost of property, damages and life. Since this disaster is considered dangerous to human life, an efficient countermeasure or alert system must be implemented in order to notify people in the early stage so that safety precautions can be taken to avoid any mishaps. This paper presents a remote water level alarm system developed by applying liquid sensors and GSM technology. System focuses on monitoring water level remotely and utilizes Global System of Mobile Connections (GSM) and Short Message Service (SMS) to convey data from sensors to the respective users through their mobile phone. The hardware of the system includes Micro Controller Unit (MCU) PIC18F452, three (3) liquid sensors, Inverter and Easygate GSM Module. Software used for the system is C compiler thru (ATtention) AT commands. It is hoped that this project would be beneficial to the community and would act as a precautionary measure in case of flood disaster at any flood prone area. By having early detection, users could take swift action such as evacuation so that cases of loss of lives could be minimized.

Real Time Monitoring Critical Parameters in Tissue Culture Growth Room with SMS Alert System

Real-time monitoring critical parameter is enhanced with email and short messaging system (SMS) for alert system. This system consists of four subsystems which include data acquisition, website monitoring, email protocol and SMS system. The aim of the integrated system is to remotely monitor critical parameter in tissue culture growth room. Research has shown that factors such as temperature, humidity, liquid, phase and gas compositions are critical in producing quality clonal materials using tissue culture process. Consequently, sensors are required to monitor and record the data in growth room. All sensors will monitor critical parameters that will be linked to the database and analysis software for storing and analyzing the monitored data. For the purpose of remotely monitor critical parameter, website and SMS enquiry are developed. The system would monitor via telemetry system and provide automatically email or short message (SMS) notifications upon identification of a disturbance module.

Smart RFID system for oil palm bio-laboratory

The tissue culture laboratory provides the oil palm industry with innovations for the production of improved planting materials and information on the molecular biology of tissue culture processes. Research has shown that factors such as temperature, humidity, liquid, phase and gas compositions, are critical in producing quality clonal materials using tissue culture process. Therefore, it is necessary to provide good physical and chemical conditions for production of quality products. Consequently, sensors are required to monitor and record the data in growth room. All sensors will monitor critical parameters that focus on temperature, humidity, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethylene and also an optical sensor for liquid phase and composition that will be linked to the database and analysis software for storing and analyzing the monitored data. The integrated sensors are low cost because it used local products and low power consumption and fabricated to suit the biological laboratory environment. The purpose of these integrated biotechnology sensors system is to serve as an interface among user, as the disturbance analysis program and an expert system in identifying the disturbance. The system would monitor via a smart RFID telemetry system and provide automatically email or short message (SMS) notifications upon identification of a disturbance module. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic wireless identification method using radio waves, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data from integrated sensors using devices called RFID tags or transponders. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader which make easier for data transportation. For the best communication path, active RFID tags will be equipped with autonomous networking; which greatly improves the utility of the device. Eventually, this smart RFID technology system could improve the efficiency of inventory tracking and management for oil palm tissue culture growth.

Analysis on Target Detection and Classification in LTE Based Passive Forward Scattering Radar

The passive bistatic radar (PBR) system can utilize the illuminator of opportunity to enhance radar capability. By utilizing the forward scattering technique and procedure into the specific mode of PBR can provide an improvement in target detection and classification. The system is known as passive Forward Scattering Radar (FSR). The passive FSR system can exploit the peculiar advantage of the enhancement in forward scatter radar cross section (FSRCS) for target detection. Thus, the aim of this paper is to show the feasibility of passive FSR for moving target detection and classification by experimental analysis and results. The signal source is coming from the latest technology of 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) base station. A detailed explanation on the passive FSR receiver circuit, the detection scheme and the classification algorithm are given. In addition, the proposed passive FSR circuit employs the self-mixing technique at the receiver; hence the synchronization signal from the transmitter is not required. The experimental results confirm the passive FSR system’s capability for ground target detection and classification. Furthermore, this paper illustrates the first classification result in the passive FSR system. The great potential in the passive FSR system provides a new research area in passive radar that can be used for diverse remote monitoring applications.

Smart Integrated Sensors in Real Time Monitoring Critical Parameters in Tissue Culture Growth Room of Oil Palm

Real-time monitoring critical parameters can be enhanced by extending the alert system via email and short messaging system (SMS) technology. The aim of the smart integrated sensors is to remotely monitor critical parameter in tissue culture growth room. The tissue culture laboratory provides the oil palm industry with innovations for the production of improved planting materials and information on the molecular biology of tissue culture processes. Research has shown that factors such as temperature, humidity, liquid, phase and gas compositions are critical in producing quality clonal materials using tissue culture process. Therefore, it is necessary to provide good physical and chemical conditions for production of quality products. Consequently, sensors are required to monitor and record the data in growth room. SHT11 sensors are used to monitor parameters of temperature and humidity along with an optical sensor system for liquid phase and composition monitoring. In support to monitor gaseous in the vessels, sensors of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethylene are utilized in the tissue culture growth room. Thus, a smart integrated sensors system is developed to monitor all influenced parameters in the culture growth room linked to the database and analysis software.

Wireless System for Temperature Monitoring in Oil Palm Bio-laboratory

Malaysia is known as the main producer of palm oil in the world. In order to maintain a good quality of palm oil product, the tissue culture process that carried out in the laboratory must be maintained at certain temperature values. Temperature is one of the important parameters that could affect the oil palm growth. A good temperature monitoring environment is necessary in order to produce the good quality products. Nowadays, the wireless sensor technology has grows in many areas of research and development as an alternative for the wired connection method that have been using previously. This project described the application of the wireless devices for the purpose of temperature data collection and storage using digital computer. The information gathered is performed by using the LM35 temperature sensor. This system used the Zigbee transceivers for the communication protocol to transmit and receive the temperature data. The data is send to the computer through the interface of Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) to a personal computer (PC) via USB port. This system will help to minimize the need for wire connections, cost, power consumption and manpower to promote stable environment in order to produce good quality products.

Mobile phone car ignition system using EmbededBlue 506 Bluetooth technology

Imagine the world with the vehicle ignition by using mobile Bluetooth technology will be a great advantage in terms of human energy and time consuming. It is indeed free of charge or no cost involved and can be activated in safe mode since the vehicle still in lock condition. Therefore, in this project an application will be implemented and developed for mobile phone car ignition system by using EmbededBlue 506 Bluetooth technology. The system is constructed by integrating both hardware and software. The hardware parts consist of Rabbit Core Module (RCM3200) with Prototyping Board (RCM3100) which is the heart of the developed system, EmbededBlue (eb506) and Mobile Phone as a communication devices, whereas voltage regulator, Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) circuit and Car Alarm Auto Starter Remote Control as a supporting components. The software is written using the Dynamic C which is then compiled and loaded into Rabbit Core Module (RCM 3200). Experimental results were also presented as a measurable data to verify the capability and efficiency of the system. By sending a Bluetooth signal from mobile phone, the system could ignite the car which is still in locked condition. The advantages of this system are user able to ignite their car engine at anytime and anywhere from 0 to 10 meter radius and just for free for the rest of their live.