Octavio Muniz da Costa Vargens

A percepção de mulheres quanto à vulnerabilidade feminina para contrair DST/HIV

This is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. The purpose was to analyze womens perception about female vulnerability to acquire STD/HVIV. The study took place in 2006 at a university campus in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Interviews were carried out with 12 women, older than 18 years, of different educational levels, ethnic origins and religions. The women were students, technical-administrative workers and faculty members, among other users. The study complied with the requirements of the National Research Ethics Committee. Data analysis was performed according to the premises of Content Analysis. Results revealed two large dimensions: one related with the womens personal perception and their behaviors, and another related with these womens opinion about other womens behavior. This article discusses the data regarding the collective dimension. It was concluded that the interviewed women recognize vulnerability factors in other women and realize the risk that others face of acquiring STD/HIV, but do not consider themselves to be at risk.This is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. The purpose was to analyze womens perception about female vulnerability to acquire STD/HIV. The study took place in 2006 at a university campus in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Interviews were carried out with 12 women, older than 18 years, of different educational levels, ethnic origins and religions. The women were students, technical-administrative workers and faculty members, among other users. The study complied with the requirements of the National Research Ethics Committee. Data analysis was performed according to the premises of Content Analysis. Results revealed two large dimensions: one related with the womens personal perception and their behaviors, and another related with these womens opinion about other womens behavior. This article discusses the data regarding the collective dimension. It was concluded that the interviewed women recognize vulnerability factors in other women and realize the risk that others face of acquiring STD/HIV, but do not consider themselves to be at risk.

Living with breast cancer : Its effect on the life situation and the close relationship of women in Brazil

The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer induces adverse effects. In this interpretive phenomenological study, 11 Brazilian women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer were interviewed. Data included audiotaped interviews where the womens lived experiences were articulated. Data were interpreted through Heideggers existential phenomenology. Themes that were found were interrelated and presented the essential structure of the essence the women were living-living side by side with the phantom of death. The 4 themes that were interpreted and identified were as follows: gaining a positive attitude for life, wanting to be recognized as a woman with certain needs, considering body image/self-image, and making efforts to hide. The findings of the study point out the importance of the fact that illness elicits more than fitting the body into traditional community expectations or surrendering the body to professional medicine. Even with all the deep changes in their lives and changed life priorities, the women want to carry on and live the best life they could. To put this idea in the front line makes the difference for the transition of these women.

A vulnerabilidade da mulher idosa em relação à AIDS.

This article is a systhematic literature review including the period from 1994 to 2009, whose objective was to discuss the aged womans vulnerability in relation to Acquired Imunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids). The search for scientific texts was accomplished in the following databases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). The descriptors used were vulnerability, woman and Aids. Eighteen texts were analyzed, including articles in scientific journals, thesis and dissertations. As a conclusion, it was noted that aged women and vulnerability to Aids are directly related, through gender characteristics including submission and that were built historical and socially. We consider as fundamental the development of studies which may generate publications accessible to women, in order to help them see themselves as persons vulnerable to Aids contagion just for being women.Trata-se de revisao sistematica da literatura que abrange o periodo de 1994 a 2009, cujo objetivo foi discutir a vulnerabilidade da mulher idosa em relacao as Doencas Sexualmente Transmissiveis e Sindrome da Imunodeficiencia Adquirida (Aids). Foi realizada a busca nas bases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saude, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude (LILACS) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), usando-se como descritores vulnerabilidade, mulher e Aids. Foram analisados 18 textos incluindo artigos em periodicos, teses e dissertacoes. Concluiu-se que mulheres idosas e vulnerabilidade a Aids estao diretamente relacionadas, atraves de caracteristicas de genero que perpassam pela submissao, construidas historica e socialmente. E fundamental o desenvolvimento de estudos que gerem publicacoes acessiveis as mulheres, de modo a possibilitar que estas possam ver a si mesmas como sujeitos em risco de contrair Aids pelo simples fato de serem mulheres.

O significado de desmedicalização da assistência ao parto no hospital: análise da concepção de enfermeiras obstétricas

Este estudo teve como objetivo o processo de construcao do significado de desmedicalizacao para enfermeiras obstetricas. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa baseada nos principios da Grounded Theory. Os dados foram obtidos e analisados entre fevereiro e abril de 2006. Foram entrevistadas oito enfermeiras obstetricas atuantes no ensino, pesquisa e/ou assistencia ao parto, que adotam a proposta desmedicalizadora como orientacao da sua pratica. A analise dos dados levou a construcao de quatro categorias: refletindo sobre sua pratica, caracterizando a pratica obstetrica hospitalar como medicalizada, incomodando-se com a assistencia medicalizada e identificando os principios da desmedicalizacao, cuja integracao permitiu identificar o processo construindo o significado de desmedicalizacao. O respeito a Fisiologia, bem como nao usar desnecessariamente praticas intervencionistas como rotina constituiram principios da desmedicalizacao. A reflexao sobre sua vida e a caracterizacao da pratica obstetrica hospitalar, como medicalizada, fizeram parte do processo mental das enfermeiras na desconstrucao das habilidades adquiridas no modelo biomedico.

Women's perception about female vulnerability to STD and HIV

This is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. The purpose was to analyze womens perception about female vulnerability to acquire STD/HVIV. The study took place in 2006 at a university campus in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Interviews were carried out with 12 women, older than 18 years, of different educational levels, ethnic origins and religions. The women were students, technical-administrative workers and faculty members, among other users. The study complied with the requirements of the National Research Ethics Committee. Data analysis was performed according to the premises of Content Analysis. Results revealed two large dimensions: one related with the womens personal perception and their behaviors, and another related with these womens opinion about other womens behavior. This article discusses the data regarding the collective dimension. It was concluded that the interviewed women recognize vulnerability factors in other women and realize the risk that others face of acquiring STD/HIV, but do not consider themselves to be at risk.This is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. The purpose was to analyze womens perception about female vulnerability to acquire STD/HIV. The study took place in 2006 at a university campus in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Interviews were carried out with 12 women, older than 18 years, of different educational levels, ethnic origins and religions. The women were students, technical-administrative workers and faculty members, among other users. The study complied with the requirements of the National Research Ethics Committee. Data analysis was performed according to the premises of Content Analysis. Results revealed two large dimensions: one related with the womens personal perception and their behaviors, and another related with these womens opinion about other womens behavior. This article discusses the data regarding the collective dimension. It was concluded that the interviewed women recognize vulnerability factors in other women and realize the risk that others face of acquiring STD/HIV, but do not consider themselves to be at risk.

O processo de desmedicalização da assistência à mulher no ensino de enfermagem

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo presentar las estrategias pedagogicas adoptadas por la Facultad de Enfermeria de la Universidad del Estado de Rio de Janeiro (UERJ - Brasil), para la desmedicalizacion de la asistencia y de la ensenanza de enfermeria en la salud de la mujer. El articulo presenta el contexto de la ensenanza en esta area del conocimiento. Tambien presenta, bajo la perspectiva de los conceptos de Pierre Bourdieu, tres esferas de actuacion del estudiante y del maestro en este proceso.Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar as estrategias pedagogicas de desmedicalizacao da assistencia no ensino da enfermagem na saude da mulher adotadas na Faculdade de Enfermagem da UERJ. Contextualiza o ensino na area e apresenta, a luz dos conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu, tres esferas de atuacao discente e docente neste processo.

Parto e nascimento: saberes e práticas humanizadas

Este estudo teve como objetivos descrever os conceitos instituidos pelos profissionais de saude que atuam na atencao ao parto e nascimento sobre a humanizacao do parto, identificar saberes e praticas da humanizacao do parto e nascimento, e avaliar a implementacao dos saberes e praticas na assistencia ao parto e nascimento e sua relacao com a humanizacao. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritivo-exploratoria realizada na Maternidade do Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro, cujos sujeitos foram dezesseis profissionais de saude, entre medicos obstetras e enfermeiros obstetras. Os dados foram obtidos atraves de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados pelo metodo da analise de conteudo. Concluiu-se que os profissionais detem conhecimentos acerca das politicas de saude que dispoem sobre a humanizacao do parto e nascimento, seguem estes preceitos, e sua pratica profissional vai ao encontro do que e preconizado pelas politicas. Estes resultados, no entanto, divergem de resultados observados em estudos anteriores.

Tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado no parto realizadas por enfermeiras: a percepção de mulheres

A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, tipo descritiva, teve como objetivo identificar as atitudes e praticas de enfermeiras obstetricas e discutir seus efeitos durante o trabalho de parto na percepcao de mulheres, atendidas em uma casa de parto. Fizeram parte do estudo 12 mulheres, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados uma entrevista semiestruturada. A analise dos dados evidenciou que as mulheres reconheceram a atitude carinhosa e praticas como a livre movimentacao corporal e o estimulo a presenca de um acompanhante como as principais tecnologias nao invasivas utilizadas durante o trabalho de parto. Quanto aos seus efeitos, as mulheres perceberam que as tecnologias favoreceram seus potenciais internos para tomada de decisoes e identificaram as atitudes e praticas das enfermeiras como decisivas para que nao desanimassem durante o parto. A postura e o uso pelas enfermeiras de tecnologias nao invasivas contribuem para uma melhor percepcao das mulheres sobre o seu processo de parto.

Illicit drug use in seven Latin American countries: critical perspectives of families and familiars

This cross-sectional multi-centre study explored how family members and friends of illicit drug users perceived protective and risk factors, treatment facilities and policies and laws regarding illicit drug use. Family members and friends of illicit drug users were recruited in 10 urban health care outpatient units in 7 Latin American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico) to complete a questionnaire. The majority of the respondents chose psycho-social factors over genetic or biological explanations as causes of drug problems. Respondents felt that families and governments were responsible for preventing drug problems. Church/religious institutions were most often mentioned in the context of accessible treatment. When asked about access to treatment facilities, the majority said that there were not enough. Shame about drug use, cost, and limited treatment options were most often cited as barriers to treatment.Este estudo multicentrico corte temporal explorou a perspectiva de familiares e pessoas proximas a usuarios de drogas ilicitas sobre fatores de risco e protecao, servicos de tratamento, politicas e leis relacionadas ao uso de drogas ilicitas. Os familiares e pessoas proximas a usuarios de drogas ilicitas foram recrutados em dez unidades de saude, localizadas em grandes centros urbanos de sete paises da America Latina (Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Honduras e Mexico), para responderem um questionario. A maioria dos participantes escolheu fatores psicossociais e nao fatores geneticos ou biologicos para explicar a causa dos problemas do uso de drogas. Responderam que familiares e governantes sao os principais responsaveis pela prevencao dos problemas das drogas. As igrejas e outras instituicoes religiosas foram mencionadas com frequencia dentro do contexto de acesso ao tratamento. A maioria dos entrevistados apontou que o acesso aos servicos que oferecem tratamentos aos usuarios de drogas nao e suficiente. Vergonha sobre o uso de drogas, custo e opcoes insuficientes de tratamento foram citados com mais frequencia como as principais barreiras para o tratamento.

Construindo uma concepção de tecnologia de cuidado de enfermagem obstétrica: estudo sociopoético

This article is a part of a Masters Thesis completed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2006. The aim was to analyze conceptions of care in obstetric nursing, referencing the imaginary of a group of twelve nurses about their care practices. The sociopoetic method and living technique was used, with content analysis applied in order to analyze the data. The results showed two categories - Obstetric Nursing Care as a Source of Expansion and Obstetrical Nursing Care as a Source of Retraction, whose contents revealed a conception of obstetric nursing care technology as relational. From reception and establishing a relationship, obstetric nurses, in a subject-subject perspective, build care with women in an integral approach. We conclude that conceived technologies are structured knowledge, whose application has intentionality and justification, thus characterizing them as technological innovation.