Okan Tuna

A Simulation for Optimum Terminal Truck Number in a Turkish Port Based on Lean and Green Concept

Abstract Ports, from the simple physical sea/land interface they once used to be, have successively turned into commerce and industrial centers, then into logistics and distribution platforms, and are now becoming intermodal nodes in international supply chains networks, the efficiency of which now drives trade competitiveness. With her distinguished location, logistics infrastructure and well qualified manpower, Turkey has the potential of being a hub country in her region. However, in order to achieve this potential, Turkish ports have to consider both lean and green approaches in their business strategies. Lean system design is the most important initial step for cargo handling operation in order to reach green operation. At this point, the study has aimed to analyze a Turkish container terminal both in terms of lean and green dimensions. Due to the constraints of data, however, the study has only focused on the cargo handling operations. A simulation model has been used to determine the optimum number of container handling equipment to increase the lean capabilities of a Turkish port. Besides, the environmental damage caused by handling equipment in cargo handling operations has been discussed through the study, and the optimal number of equipment minimizing the environment damage has been reached.

Global supplier selection strategies and implications for supplier performance: Turkish suppliers’ perception

In todays global competitive environment, supplier evaluation and selection strategies are not only important for buyer performance and competitiveness, but also for supplier performance and capabilities. This study from the suppliers’ perception examines (i) the structure of supply relationships between Turkish automotive parts and components manufacturers and their global buyers, (ii) global buyers’ supplier evaluation and selection strategies, and (iii) the impact of global buyers’ supplier evaluation and selection strategies on the supplier performance in the long-term. Data from automotive parts and components suppliers in Turkey were used to test the hypotheses through multiple regression analysis. The findings of this study reveal that automotive parts and components suppliers can be either in tier-type relationhips with their global buyers or they can be out of the tier hieararchy. In a tier-type relationhip, supplier can be either first-tier supplier for some products/relationships or/and they can be second-tier supplier for other products/relationships. To establish long-term supply relationships on a global base supplier evaluation and selection strategy is based on many decision criteria and impacts on the suppliers operational, technical and financial performance in the long-term. Therefore, there is a positive association between supplier evaluation and selection strategy and supplier performance, which guides and motivates supplier firms to improve their performance and capabilities. From the suppliers perception, quality, delivery, and price along with commitment and trust are the most important dimensions in global supplier selection and establishing long-term supply relationships. Additionally, while in previous studies buyers perceive cost to be an important supplier selection criterion, in this study suppliers perceive price as more important in supplier selection. As a result, this study, revealing the perception of the suppliers, fulfils a gap and suggests several implications.

A new simulation modelling approach to continuous berth allocation

Within the international supply chain and logistics system, ports are an important ring of the basic transport activities. Thus, any shortage in or lack of well-planned orders encountered in the port operation processes is most likely to affect the whole logistic system, which eventually will cause undesirable delays in deliveries. This study aims at developing a simulation modelling approach to continuous berth allocation in Port of Izmir Alsancak, which has continuous quayside with two main wharfs perpendicular to each other. The simulation models which serve to evaluate the proposed modelling approach have been developed in ARENA 10.0 Simulation Software. The results of the conducted computational experiments showed that the proposed modelling approach provides more accurate and realistic estimates of performance measures, such as average berth utilisation, average ship waiting time in a queue, and the average number of ships in queuing up to get container terminals.

The prioritisation of service dimensions in logistics centres: a fuzzy quality function deployment methodology

This study takes a customer focus that prioritises the service-offering dimensions of logistics centres (LCs) by considering potential LC customer expectations. Applying a survey and a quality function deployment methodology to logistics service providers, the study explores, categorises and prioritises LC customer expectations and LC service characteristics. The results indicate that customer preferences mainly prioritise infrastructure, and warehouse and intermodal dimensions. However, when the cost dimension is included, higher utility values are delivered through soft service dimensions like value-added or standard services. LC investors or undertakers can use these results to guide their design of market offerings by using the same methodology to assess expectations in their target markets.

Chapter 8 Port Governance in Turkey

Turkey is located between Asia and Europe and attracts attention with its economic development. Turkeys landbridge position in north-south and east-west transportation means that ports are of vital importance to the efficiency of logistics activities of the country. Although Turkey has a strategic position in terms of logistics and shipping, its approximately 160 ports do not enjoy the usual benefits of ports. The ports and piers can be classified in terms of whether they are operated by public sector, affiliated sector, regional municipalities or the private sector. This paper focuses on the Turkish port management and administration system and the possibilities for applying good governance in Turkish ports during the current process of privatization of public ports. It concludes that the privatization process has not been completed yet and there are many legal and practical issues to be resolved.

Intermodal Transport-Based Supply Chain Developments in Turkish Automotive Industry: The Case of Ford Otosan

Although the literature about supply chain management has mostly focused on developed economies with highly improved intermodal transport systems, there is a need for the investigation of newly emerging markets such as Turkey in terms of intermodal transport and supply chains. Turkey’s strategic location, increasing international trade, especially following the Customs Union Agreement with EU, and the growing role of Turkey in trade with Central Asia, Middle East, Caucasus and Mediterranean regions make the focus on intermodal transport more profound for the companies operating in supply chains. Turkey has become a centre of global automotive production and a centre of excellence, and the automotive industry has become the country’s leading export industry in recent years. As all over the world, the automotive supply chain in Turkey is global and requires complex processes.