Onaldo Guedes Rodrigues

Sensibilidade dos nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos a anti-helmínticos na mesorregião do Sertão Paraibano

The objective was to evaluate conventional and alternative anthelminthic action on the sensibility of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Hundred and twenty goats of both sexes were distributed into 10 groups of 24 animals each (12 males and 12 females) and submitted to treatments of specific anthelminthic composition. The commercial drugs used were moxidectin 0.2%, albendazole, levamisol chlorhydrate, ivermectin and an aqueous extract of the purgative potato (Operculina hamiltonii). The reduction test was applied through egg counts per gram of feces and larval culture to evaluate resistance. The fecal samples were collected in the day when medication was accomplished (day base), at 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. The following results for the reduction of Trichostrongyloidea eggs were obtained: Treatment of the females with Moxidectina reduced the egg counts to 92.8, 88.7 and 89.8%, of the males to 92.6, 96.2 and 98.1%; with Levamisol of the females to 96, 97.1 and 91%, of the males to 85.7, 94,2 and 100%; with Albendazol of the females 65, 60.3 and 75.4%, of the males 88.8, 88.8 and 55.5%; with Ivermectin of the females to 92.2, 68.6 and 70.6%, of the males to 41.7, 73.6 and 59.7%; and with the purgative potato of the females to 31.8, 34.1 and 49.4%, of the males to 61.5, 80.7 and 50%. In larval culture Haemonchus, followed by Bunostomum, Trichostrongylus, and Oesophagostomum, were identified even after treatments.

Atividade biológica da jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poir.) sobre Staphylococcus aureus isolado de casos de mastite bovina

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the S.aureus to the extract of Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poir. (jurema-preta). Twenty five strains of S. aureus were isolated from milk samples with description of clinical and subclinical mastitis and submitted to antimicrobial activity test of the M. tenuiflora extract. The sensitivity in vitro tests were carried out using the agar difusion method (well diffusion method). After that, 50μL of the extract were inoculated in the following dilutions: 1:1; 1:2; 1:4; 1:8; 1:16; 1:32; 1:64; 1:128; 1:256; 1:512. The plates were incubated at 37 oC during 24 and 48 h. The tests were made in triplicate. Halos of inhibition were observed between 6 and 25 mm of diameter. The percentage of sensitivity of the tested samples was distributed in: 1:1 to 1:32 (100%), 1:64 (92%); 1: 128 (72%); 1:256 (28%); 1:512 (0%). The study of M. tenuiflora on the tested S. aureus samples it demonstrated that the plant has antimicrobial action.

Antimicrobial activity of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. from Northeast Brazil against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

A Mimosa tenuiflora e uma planta nativa da regiao Nordeste do Brasil onde e conhecida como jurema-preta sendo amplamente utilizada na medicina popular. No presente trabalho a atividade anti-Staphylococcus aureus do extrato etanolico da M. tenuiflora foi avaliada pela determinacao da concentracao inibitoria minima (CIM), pelo metodo da diluicao em agar, em 30 isolados clinicos e pela cinetica de inativacao com a linhagem referencia. Os valores da CIM foram 0,18 mg/mL em 16 isolados e 0,36 mg/mL nos demais, bem como na linhagem referencia. A cinetica de inativacao mostrou apenas efeito bacteriostatico nas concentracoes do extrato ate aquela correspondente a 4x CIM e um rapido efeito bactericida na concentracao correspondente a 8x CIM.

Atividade anti-fúngica do neem e jurema-preta sobre cepas de Candida spp isolados de vacas com mastite subclínica no Estado de Pernambuco

The leaves of neem were collected on farms of the city of Patos-PB, and the bark of jurema-preta was collected in the UFCG - Campus of Patos-PB, and the extracts were prepared from the ethanol. The samples of Candida spp. were collected in milk of cows with subclinical mastitis and sown in plates of Petri containing agar-base 5% increased of de-fiber blood of sheep Sabouraud. The plates were incubated in bacteriological greenhouse 37 oC and the reading was carried through with 24 and 48 h. The assays were carried through in duplicate and the final result was determined by the arithmetic mean of inhibition halos. The microbiological evaluation of these assays demonstrated that the extract from the bark of jurema-preta showed antifungal activity quite satisfactory on the yeast C. albicans, providing superior results to those obtained with the extract of neem and fluconazol.

Estudo da atividade anti-helmíntica do extrato etanólico de Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) sob Haemonchus contortus em ovinos no semiárido paraibano

This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of Jatropha mollissima through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Initially we investigated the concentration of extract with bioactive effect, through the toxicity evolution test of the ethanol extract of J. mollissima on the microcrustacean Artemia salina, obtaining CL50 concentration of 660.80µg/ml, which was tested in fecal cultures containing infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and in animals for the verification of OPG reduction. For in vivo test, the extract was dissolved in water to obtain concentrations of 660.80µg/ml and 1321.6µg/ml. Feces were collected weekly and blood was collected every fifteen days. As a result of in vitro test, the ethanol extract of the stem of J. mollissima proved toxic on A. salina, with CL50 less than 1000µg/ ml and inhibited the eggs hatching and the development of larvae of H. contortus, presenting an efficiency of 70.77%. in vivo test revealed that the extract is also effective in sheep, with a significant reduction in the count of OPG after 28 days of experiment, 47 and 44% of reduction in the groups treated with the extract, 7.5% in the untreated group of animals and 40.6% with ivermectin. Even parasitized, the animals remained clinically healthy and without anemia. The ethanol extract of the stem of Jatropha mollissima may represent an alternative to the control of sheep worms, because it slows the parasitic resistance.

Ação anti-helmíntica do extrato hidroalcóolico da raiz da Tarenaya spinosa (Jacq.) Raf. no controle de Haemonchus contortus em ovinos

Para investigar o potencial anti-helmintico do extrato hidroalcoolico da raiz de Tarenaya spinosa, como alternativa no controle do nematoide gastrintestinal Haemonchus contortus de ovinos, foram realizados testes in vitro com Artemia salina, em seguida, sobre coproculturas contendo ovos do helminto, avaliando a acao ovicida e larvicida do extrato. Apos os testes preliminares, foi realizado o teste in vivo em 20 ovinos machos os quais foram divididos em quatro tratamentos Grupo 1: ivermectina 1%; Grupo 2: sem tratamento; Grupo 3: extrato hidroalcoolico de T. spinosa 150μg/mL; Grupo 4: extrato hidroalcoolico de T. spinosa 300μg/mL, amostras de fezes e de sangue foram coletadas para exames parasitologicos e hematologicos. No teste in vitro, a toxicidade frente a A. salina foi de 150μg/mL, obteve-se eficiencia de 81,53% sobre ovos e larvas do H. contortus. No teste in vivo, a avaliacao da eficacia dos tratamentos foi realizada pelo teste de reducao na contagem de ovos fecais (RCOF), os grupos tratados com Ivermectina e T. spinosa a 150μg/mL e 300μg/mL obtiveram os melhores resultados, reduzindo o OPG apos 28 dias em 40,6, 41 e 40,2% respectivamente, revelando assim seu potencial fitoterapico para fins de controle de nematodeos gastrintestinais em ovinos.

Antibacterial evaluation of Anacardium occidentale (Linn) (Anacardiaceae) in semiarid Brazil

Microorganisms that cause losses are proving to be resistant to most known antibiotics, thereby encouraging the search for naturally occurring antibiotics. This study aimed to perform a phytochemical and bacterial study of ethanolic extracts of leaves and barks of Anacardium occidentale L. The samples were submitted for extraction using ethyl alcohol; the crude extract was used to perform phytochemical evaluation based on the identification of chemical constituents and to evaluate the antibacterial activity. The results of prospective chemical indicate the presence of tannins, phenols, alkaloids and catechins in the leaves and stem bark and compounds belonging to classes of flavonoids were found only in the leaves. Tests using the agar diffusion method for later determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) revealed that both parts of the plant have antibacterial activity, but the shell showed the largest zones of inhibition in most of the concentrations and strains. The MIC ranged from 512 to ≥ 1024 μg/ml, for the two parts of this species. The results indicate the need for further studies because this plant demonstrated considerable antibacterial therapeutic potential. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, phytochemicals, bacteria, minimum inhibitory concentration African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(30), pp. 4836-4840

Estudo comparativo da ação anti-helmíntica da batata de purga (Operculina hamiltonii) e do melão de são caetano (Mormodica charantia) em caprinos (Capra hircus) naturalmente infectados

As helmintoses gastrintestinais ocupam lugar de destaque na producao de pequenos ruminantes como um fator limitante e o seu controle vem sendo realizado por meio do uso indiscriminado de anti-helminticos favorecendo o surgimento da resistencia a medicamentos. Com o objetivo de comparar a acao anti-helmintica das plantas Operculina hamiltonii (batata de purga), Marmodica charantia (Melao de Sao Caetano) e do moxedctin a 0,2% sobre as infeccoes helminticas naturais de caprinos, foram utilizados 40 caprinos, sem raca definida, femeas, com idade entre seis e 12 meses, naturalmente infectados, separados em quatro grupos: o GRUPO 1 (G1) - animais controle negativo tratados com agua destilada; o GRUPO 2 (G2) - animais tratados com o extrato alcoolico da O. hamiltonii; o GRUPO 3 (G3) - animais tratados com o extrato alcoolico da M. charantia e no GRUPO 4 (G4) - animais controle positivo tratados com moxidectina 0,2%. Todos os grupos receberam os tratamentos por tres dias consecutivos. As amostras fecais foram coletadas nos dias 0, 30 e 60 apos tratamento, para a realizacao da contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e larvacultura. Para avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos, aplicou-se o teste de reducao na contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (RCOF). A RCOF do G2, G3 e G4 foram de 63 e 90; 40 e 40; 100 e 100%, respectivamente para 30 e 60 dias pos-tratamento respectivamente. Durante o periodo de estudo, observou-se que todas as amostras coletadas estavam positivas para larvas de helmintos da superfamilia Trichostrongyloidea, com excecao para o G4, nos dias 30 e 60 pos-tratamento. O Haemonchus foi o parasita mais prevalente nas coproculturas.

Effects of associations of tannins from Anacardium occidentale and Anadenanthera colubrina with cephalosporin against bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates

Arq. Inst. Biol., v.85, 1-8, e0582016, 2018 RESUMO: A associação de compostos naturais, isolados de plantas medicinais, com antibióticos convencionais, com mecanismos de ação semelhantes, torna‐se uma estratégia alternativa e viável para superar o problema da resistência. Assim, nosso objetivo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de substâncias tânicas presentes na casca de Anacardium occidentale e Anadenanthera colubrina associa‐ das à cefalexina, sobre amostras de Staphylococcus aureus. Avaliamos essa associação por meio da determinação da concentração mínima inibitória. Dessa forma, taninos e a cefalexina foram dissolvidos de forma seriada em água destilada em concentrações variando de 0,976 mg/mL a 500 mg/mL e 2 μg/mL a 512 μg/mL, respectiva‐ mente. Quando associados, inibiram o crescimento de S. aureus formando halos que variaram de 0,9 a 46 mm com concentração mínima inibitória de 7,8 mg/mL (taninos)/ 4 μg/mL (cefalexina). O efeito resultante da associação de substâncias, natural e sinté‐ tica, com mecanismos de ação semelhantes, apresentou resultados superiores aos observados quando testados isoladamente. Podemos concluir que os taninos e a cefalexina tiveram sua ação antimicro‐ biana potencializada quando utilizados em associação, permitindo o uso de uma menor concentração, mantendo seu efeito antibac‐ teriano sobre cepas de S. aureus.

Technological development of 40mg furosemide tablets: equivalence and bioavaibility study in dogs

Furosemide (40mg) was administered to 20 street dogs, 10 males and 10 females, in two different pharmaceutical forms: (1) compressed furosemide 40mg formulated at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE-tablet), and (2) a commercial formulation with equal bioequivalence produced by the Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Technology of Pernambuco State (LAFEPE), the LAFEPE-furosemide. The study aimed to evaluate the kinetics of dissolution of the UFPE-tablet in order to analyze the behavior of bioavailability of the best formulation for veterinary use. The plasmatic concentrations of furosemide for the determination of parameters of pharmacological kinetics were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC). The in vitro study accomplished through physiochemical analyses demonstrated that the formulas of the furosemide tablets attained the pharmaceutical requirements in agreement with USP 23 and the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. The evaluation accomplished in dogs with UFPE-tablets given in only dose demonstrated uniformity in blood levels indicating stability in maintenance of the pharmaceutical formulation and efficiency in absorption of the active compound. These values are not significantly different in relation to the 5% confidence limit. Regarding maximum concentration (Tmax) time and global bioavaibility assessed by AUC means, there were no considerable differences as well. UFPE-furosemide displayed 743.492µg/mL.h as AUC average value whereas LAFEPE-furosemide had an average of 537.284µg/mL.h.Furosemide (40mg) was administered to 20 street dogs, 10 males and 10 females, in two different pharmaceutical forms: (1) compressed furosemide 40mg formulated at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE-tablet), and (2) a commercial formulation with equal bioequivalence produced by the Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Technology of Pernambuco State (LAFEPE), the LAFEPE-furosemide. The study aimed to evaluate the kinetics of dissolution of the UFPE-tablet in order to analyze the behavior of bioavailability of the best formulation for veterinary use. The plasmatic concentrations of furosemide for the determination of parameters of pharmacological kinetics were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC). The in vitro study accomplished through physiochemical analyses demonstrated that the formulas of the furosemide tablets attained the pharmaceutical requirements in agreement with USP 23 and the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. The evaluation accomplished in dogs with UFPE-tablets given in only dose demonstrated uniformity in blood levels indicating stability in maintenance of the pharmaceutical formulation and efficiency in absorption of the active compound. These values are not significantly different in relation to the 5% confidence limit. Regarding maximum concentration (Tmax) time and global bioavaibility assessed by AUC means, there were no considerable differences as well. UFPE-furosemide displayed 743.492µg/mL.h as AUC average value whereas LAFEPE-furosemide had an average of 537.284µg/mL.h.