Maria do Socorro Vieira Pereira

Minimum inhibitory concentration of adherence of Punica granatum Linn (pomegranate) gel against S. mutans, S. mitis and C. albicans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of a Punica granatum Linn (pomegranate) phytotherapeutic gel and miconazole (Daktarin oral gel) against three standard streptococci strains (mutans ATCC 25175, sanguis ATCC 10577 and mitis ATCC 9811), S. mutans clinically isolated and Candida albicans either alone or in association. The effect of minimum inhibitory concentrations of the gels on the adherence of these microorganisms to glass was assessed in the presence of 5% sucrose, using increasing and doubled concentrations of the diluted solution of the gels ranging from 1:1 to 1:1024. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of adherence of Punica granatum L. gel against the test organisms were: 1:16 for S. mutans (ATCC), S. mutans (CI) and S. sanguis; 1:128 for S. mitis and 1:64 for C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of adherence of miconazole against the same organisms were: 1:512, 1:64, 1:4, 1:128 and 1:16, respectively. In experiments with three and four associated microorganisms, the Punica granatum L. gel had greater efficiency in inhibiting microbial adherence than the miconazole. The results of this study suggest that this phytotherapeutic agent might be used in the control of adherence of different microorganisms in the oral cavity.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius fruits against oral pathogens

AIM In the Amazon region of Brazil, the fruits of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius (Brazilian ironwood) are widely used as an antimicrobial and healing medicine in many situations including oral infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius fruit extract against oral pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polyphenols estimation and spectral analysis ((1)H NMR) of the methanol extract were carried out. The microorganisms Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobacillus casei were tested using the microdilution method for planktonic cells (MIC) and a multispecies biofilm model. Chlorhexidine was used as positive control. RESULTS Polyphenols in the extract were estimated at 7.3% and (1)H NMR analysis revealed hydroxy phenols and methoxilated compounds. MIC values for Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobacillus casei were 25.0, 40.0, 66.0, 100.0, 66.0 microg/mL, respectively. For the biofilm assay, chlorhexidine and plant extract showed no growth at 10(-4) and 10(-5) microbial dilution, respectively. At 10(-4) and 10(-5) the growth values (mean+/-SD) of the negative controls (DMSO and saline solution) for Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sp. and Candida albicans were 8.1+/-0.7, 7.0+/-0.6 and 5.9+/-0.9 x 10(6)CFU, respectively. CONCLUSION Caesalpinia ferrea fruit extract can inhibit in vitro growth of oral pathogens in planktonic and biofilm models supporting its use for oral infections.

In vitro antimicrobial, antiadherent and antifungal activity of Brazilian medicinal plants on oral biofilm microorganisms and strains of the genus Candida

The antimicrobial, antifungal and antiadherent activity of aroeira-do-sertao, mallow and guava tree on oral biofilm microorganisms and oral candidiasis was evaluated in vitro. The extracts were shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria of the oral biofilm and fungi of oral candidiasis, thus suggesting that these extracts can be used as alternative means of dental therapy.The antimicrobial, antifungal and antiadherent activity of aroeira-do-sertão, mallow and guava tree on oral biofilm microorganisms and oral candidiasis was evaluated in vitro. The extracts were shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria of the oral biofilm and fungi of oral candidiasis, thus suggesting that these extracts can be used as alternative means of dental therapy.

Atividade antimicrobiana e antiaderente in vitro do extrato de Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. sobre bactérias orais planctônicas

In this study was investigated the antimicrobial activity and in vitro adherence inhibition of a hydro alcoholic Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. (alecrim) on standard strains of Streptococcus mitis ATCC 98811, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 27609 and Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469 extract. The test was carried out by inundation tecniques in Petri dishes to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and inclined tubes techniques the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence to glass (MICA) at the presence of 5% sucrose. Tests with gluconate of chlorexidine 0.12% were performed as controls. MICs of the Rosmarinus officinalis extract dilutions (mg/mL) against S. sanguinis ATCC 10556, S. mutans ATCC 25175, S. sobrinus ATCC 27609 and L. casei ATCC 7469 were 1:1, 1:4, 1:1 e 1:4, respectively. The extract from alecrim inhibited all the standard strains growth tested, except for S. mitis ATCC 98811. MICAs of the Rosmarinus officinalis extract dilutions (mg/mL) against S. mitis ATCC 98811, S. mutans ATCC 25175 e S. sobrinus ATCC were 1:8, 1:16 e 1:8, respectively. The results suggest that there is a possibility of the alecrim use as an oral antimicrobial. Nevertheless, study models which could reproduce situations similar to those seen in bucal caries are necessary for the antimicrobial agents evaluation in the treatment and biofilm dependant oral infections prevention.

Efeito antibacteriano e antiaderente in vitro do extrato da Punica granatum Linn. sobre microrganismos do biofilme dental

Nesta pesquisa foi avaliada a atividade antimicrobiana e a capacidade de inibicao da sintese de glucano in vitro do extrato da casca do fruto da roma (Punica granatum Linn.) sobre linhagens bacterianas de Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus sobrinus e Lactobacillus casei. Os ensaios foram realizados pelas tecnicas de agar-difusao em placas para determinacao da Concentracao Inibitoria Minima (CIM) e tecnica dos tubos inclinados para determinacao da Concentracao Inibitoria Minima de Aderencia (CIMA) ao vidro, na presenca de 5% de sacarose. Os mesmos procedimentos foram realizados com a clorexidina a 0,12%. As CIMs (mg/mL) do extrato da P. granatum frente ao S. mitis, S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. sobrinus e L. casei foram 1:32, 1:8, 1:8, 1:512, e 1:128, respectivamente. Para as CIMAs o extrato da P. granatum mostrou resultados melhores que a clorexidina, exceto para o S. mutans com achados semelhantes na diluicao de 1:256. Os resultados mostram a potencialidade da P. granatum na inibicao do crescimento bacteriano e sintese de glucano representada pela aderencia ao vidro, sugerindo o emprego do extrato da roma, como meio alternativo, no controle desses microrganismos na formacao do biofilme.

Atividade antimicrobiana "in vitro" e determinação da concentração inibitória mínina (CIM) de fitoconstituintes e produtos sintéticos sobre bactérias e fungos leveduriformes

Regarding the problem of microbial resistance, the researches point to the use of new antibiotic which can be active against the emergent pathogens. This work aims to test the activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and leveduriform fungi (Candida albicans), and also the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the constituent of Ocotea duckei Vattimo, lapachol and its synthetic derivatives a-lapachone, b-nor-lapachone, b-lapachone, a-nor-lapachone, b-3-iodin-lapachone and a-3-iodin-lapachone, as well as seven nitrogenated derivatives of lapachol obtained through semi synthesis. The achieved results stimulate the deepening of the studies for some of theses substances such as lapachol and its analogous which demonstrated antimicrobial activity. The substances which were active against S. aureus, were lapachol and the ethanolic extract of Ocotea duckei Vattimo, against Escherichia coli iangambin and against C. albicans the imides. The other substances did not show any activity against the tested bacteria.

Antibiotic activity of the extract of Punica granatum Linn. over bovine strains of Staphylococcus aureus

A medicina humana e veterinaria tem falhado no tratamento de infeccoes em longo prazo causadas por Staphylococcus aureus associadas ao desenvolvimento de resistencia a agentes antimicrobianos. A atividade antimicrobiana do extrato da casca do fruto de Punica granatum Linn. foi avaliada sobre 38 linhagens de S. aureus de origem bovina para a determinacao da concentracao inibitoria minima (CIM). Das 38 linhagens ensaiadas, 22 sao resistentes a penicilina.(PRSA). O extrato de P. granatum apresentou potencial acao antimicrobiana sobre todas as linhagens ensaiadas formando halos de inibicao variando de 10 a 36 mm de diâmetro. Os resultados deste estudo confirmam a eficacia do extrato de P. granatum como potencial agente antibacteriano sobre S. aureus e demonstram a importância de se avaliar novas substâncias com potencial antimicrobiano, o que pode contribuir para a terapeutica alternativa em Medicina Veterinaria.

Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do extrato de Anacardium occidentale L. sobre espécies de Streptococcus

The antimicrobial activity of the extract of the stem bark of Anacardium occidentale L., was evaluated in three cultures of bacteria of the dental plate. The antimicrobial activity was assayed in Petri dishes using the diffusion method for determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal inhibitory concentration of adherence (MICA). Aureolar inhibition (MIC) was observed with concentrations of 12.5 mg/mL in S. mutans and 6.25 mg/mL in S. mitis and S. sanguis. The results suggest that the extract has effect in the MICA in concentrations of 0.31 mg/mL in S. mutans and S. mitis and of 0.15 mg/mL in S. sanguis and therapeuticly can be used in the dentistry as an antibacterial agent.

Eficácia do extrato de Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg. (jabuticabeira) sobre bactérias orais

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato da folha de Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg., Myrtaceae (jabuticabeira) sobre: Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 903), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 15300), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 7073) e Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 9595). A pesquisa foi realizada atraves de tecnicas bacteriologicas laboriosas. Os ensaios foram realizados pelo metodo da diluicao em meio solido para a determinacao da Concentracao Inibitoria Minima (CIM). Os resultados obtidos foram transferidos para um banco de dados informatizado e calculados os parâmetros estatisticos mediante o emprego do programa SPSS versao 13.0. Utilizou-se, ao nivel de 5% de significância, o teste t-Student. Em estudo comparativo, foi determinada a CIM do digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%. O extrato de jabuticabeira formou halos de inibicao variando de 10 a 18 mm de diâmetro e apresentou desempenho medio significativamente inferior em relacao a clorexidina, na comparacao do extrato bruto vs substância pura e nas concentracoes 1:2 e 1:4. Conclui-se, que o extrato de Myrciaria cauliflora produziu uma significante atividade bacteriostatica in vitro sobre as bacterias do biofilme dental, o que sugere a utilizacao dessa substância como meio alternativo e economicamente viavel para o controle de afeccoes em Odontologia.

Assessment of mutagenic, antimutagenic and genotoxicity effects of Mimosa tenuiflora

Genotoxic effects of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir, Fabaceae, were investigated by using both micronucleus test and bacterial reverse mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102 respectively. In respect of Ames test results show that the extract does not induce mutations in any strains of Salmonella typhimurium tested since the mutagenicity index is less than 2. In the antimutagenic effect was observed that the extract at the concentrations tested significantly decreased the mutagenicity index of all strains tested which characterized the extract as antimutagenic in these conditions. In the micronucleus test in vivo, we observed that the concentrations used did not induce an increase in the frequency of micronucleus in normochromatic erythrocytes of mice. Therefore, we concluded that the extract of M. tenuiflora is not mutagenic in the absence of exogenous metabolizing system and does not induce an increase in the frequency of the micronucleus characterized as an agent not mutagenic in these conditions. Further studies of toxicity need to be made to the use of this plant in the treatment of diseases to be stimulated.