Oskar Casquero

iPLE Network: an integrated eLearning 2.0 architecture from a university's perspective

Universities can offer eLearning 2.0 tools and services to learners while obtaining clear benefits from releasing the control over some learning content. This means a shift from the institution centred and monolithic model of traditional virtual learning environments (VLEs) to a more heterogeneous and open model. This article tries to plot an architecture to be put in practice by universities to give learners the control of their learning processes by using eLearning 2.0. We propose an institutionally powered personal learning environment (iPLE) that constitutes our vision of how Web 2.0 tools (blogs, wikis, starting pages), services (del.icio.us, Flickr, YouTube) and people arrangement and data sharing (social networking, learn-streaming) could be applied in an integrated manner to learning processes. First, this article justifies the suitability for a PLE in the context of eLearning 2.0 and European Higher Education Area. Second, an overview of the evolution from VLEs to PLEs is given, and different PLE approaches are reviewed. Third, the concept of an iPLE is presented, and a conceptual architecture for it is detailed. Finally, this article also describes the technological aspects of a prototype of iPLE Network designed for the University of the Basque Country, which will be used as a test-bed for a case study in the Faculty of Medicine.

The Shannon Entropy Trend of a Fish System Estimated by a Machine Vision Approach Seems to Reflect the Molar Se:Hg Ratio of Its Feed

The present study investigates the suitability of a machine vision-based method to detect deviations in the Shannon entropy (SE) of a European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) biological system fed with different selenium:mercury (Se:Hg) molar ratios. Four groups of fish were fed during 14 days with commercial feed (control) and with the same feed spiked with 0.5, 5 and 10 mg of MeHg per kg, giving Se:Hg molar ratios of 29.5 (control-C1); 6.6, 0.8 and 0.4 (C2, C3 and C4). The basal SE of C1 and C2 (Se:Hg > 1) tended to increase during the experimental period, while that of C3 and C4 (Se:Hg < 1) tended to decrease. In addition, the differences in the SE of the four systems in response to a stochastic event minus that of the respective basal states were less pronounced in the systems fed with Se:Hg molar ratios lower than one (C3 and C4). These results indicate that the SE may be a suitable indicator for the prediction of seafood safety and fish health (i.e., the Se:Hg molar ratio and not the Hg concentration alone) prior to the displaying of pathological symptoms. We hope that this work can serve as a first step for further investigations to confirm and validate the present results prior to their potential implementation in practical settings.

Meta-analysis of the TAEE project applying social network analysis

The social network analysis (SNA) is an approach that can be applied as a complement to other analysis (such as statistical) in order to obtain other valuable information. The social network analysis has been used in several initiatives showing that it is an approach that can contribute in building the semantic web. Within the project Technologies Applied to Electronics Teaching (TAEE) there are biannual conferences (it has been organized since 1996) and have accumulated a significant amount of data resulting from the conferences held. All of this information constitutes a data source that should be exploited and that can provide meaningful information. In this document we describe, how to social network analysis has been used on data sources generated by user communities, in order to obtain some semantic artifacts, like ontologies. Also describes how to was applied the social network analysis and its metrics on the information generated in the TAEE congresses to answer a set of questions (What are the relationships and the level of cohesion of the different organizations (at the level of Spain and across continents) involved in TAEE? How have evolutioned the thematics covered in the conference?, What are the new ontological additions in technology over the years?, and How have evolutioned the thematics in the research and studies related to teaching electronics?) formulated by the organizers of the congresses and that through other approaches would have been a large task and complicated. The answers to the questions can provide us important information about the behavior and characteristics of the elements present in TAEE conferences, furthermore being an element for making decisions on future initiatives with the same style of TAEE.

Reducing the number of individuals to monitor shoaling fish systems - Application of the Shannon entropy to construct a biological warning system model

The present study aims at identifying the lowest number of fish (European seabass) that could be used for monitoring and/or experimental purposes in small-scale fish facilities by quantifying the effect that the number of individuals has on the Shannon entropy (SE) of the trajectory followed by the shoal’s centroid. Two different experiments were performed: (i) one starting with 50 fish and decreasing to 25, 13, and 1 fish, and (ii) a second experiment starting with one fish, adding one new fish per day during 5 days, ending up with five fish in the tank. The fish were recorded for 1h daily, during which time a stochastic event (a hit in the tank) was introduced. The SE values were calculated from the images corresponding to three arbitrary basal (shoaling) periods of 3.5 min prior to the event, and to the 3.5 min period immediately after the event (schooling response). Taking both experiments together, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the SE among measurements was largest for one fish systems (CV 37.12 and 17.94% for the daily average basal and response SE, respectively) and decreased concomitantly with the number of fish (CV 8.6–10% for the basal SE of 2 to 5 fish systems and 5.86, 2.69, and 2.31% for the basal SE of 13, 25, and 50 fish, respectively). The SE of the systems kept a power relationship with the number of fish (basal: R2= 0.93 and response: R2= 0.92). Thus, 5–13 individuals should be the lowest number for a compromise between acceptable variability (<10%) in the data and reduction in the number of fish. We believe this to be the first scientific work made to estimate the minimum number of individuals to be used in subsequent experimental (including behavioral) studies using shoaling fish species that reaches a compromise between the reduction in number demanded by animal welfare guidelines and a low variability in the fish system’s response.

Meta-analysis of the Articles Published in SPDECE

The Spanish Multidisciplinary Symposium on Design and Evaluation of Reusable Educational Content (a.k.a. SPDECE) is an annual meeting of researchers and teachers organized by the Spanish Thematic Network of Activities and Objects for Learning (a.k.a. REDAOPA). The objective of SPDECE is to share experiences and results of research being carried out, in both pedagogical and technological fields, on the design, development, and best practices in reusable learning objects. In addition, it also aims to establish linkages and synergies between the individuals and organizations attending the conference. This work tries to determine the level of attainment of those objectives based on the analysis of the topics, organizations, authors, and citations of the articles published in SPDECE through its various editions. In addition, topic and organization structure comparison between SPDECE and the reference journal in the field of learning objects IJELLO (Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects) is presented.

Loose integration of COTS tools for the development of real time distributed control systems

The development of Real Time Distributed Control Systems (RTDCS) is a very complex and multi-part issue where different specific tools are to be used. As these specialized tools are not designed to work together, it would be desirable to have a flexible tool framework where all the information were managed and stored following a predefined Model Driven Architecture. XML technologies and Web Applications (implemented as a component-based multi-tier application design defined by J2EE) have been selected to put into practice such a framework. It is proposed a model-based approach to develop software systems that require the collaboration of specific tools. This collaboration is achieved thanks to a Tool Collaboration Engine based on XML and Web Applications. A prototype of the framework was built for RTDCS, yet these concepts can easily be applied to any area of knowledge. The paper presents some conclusions on the integration of COTS.