Osmar Souza dos Santos

Qualidade de cultivares de alface produzidos em hidroponia

The purpose of this research was to define the centesimal composition of six lettuce cultivars (Aurora, Brisa, Livia, Mimosa, Regina and Veronica) using four nutrient solutions. The experimental design was carried out in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, consisting of entirely randomized subdivided parcels. The used spacing was 0.18 m between array and 0.25 m among plants. It was observed that the Ueda solution should not be used for the lettuce production in NFT system, due to the high dry mass production and, consequently, high caloric value, content of lipids and fibers, depreciating the quality of the final product, in spite of its low nitrate content. The lettuce production in the NFT system using the Castellane-Araujo, Furlani and Bernardes solutions maintained the nutricional quality (protein, ethereal extract and fiber, mineral residue contents) equivalent to the lettuce produced in soil, but presenting smaller caloric value. Therefore, the hydroponic lettuce is a healthy food for maintaining and improving its centesimal composition for being a product of low caloric value, easy cleaning and high durability.

Substratos na produção hidropônica de mudas de hortelã

The normal growth and the formation of plants with quality for commercialization depends on good seedlings production. The right substrate has to be used. Hydroponic cultivation holds certain advantages: saving substrate, resulting in good establishment of the crop and quality of seedlings production. The experiment was carried out at the University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The effect of substrates (without substrate, phenolic foam substrate and organicmineral substrates) was determined on the production of mint (Mentha x villosa) transplants by cuttings vegetable methods in hydroponics. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with three treatments and 20 replications, one plant being used in each repetition. We evaluated: height and number of leaves at 7; 14; 21 and 28 days after the transplant. Fresh and dry matter weight 35 days after transplant were also analyzed. The phenolic foam substrate showed the best results in relation to the production of fresh and dry matter. Phenolic foam and the organicmineral substrates were not significantly different, but were significantly superior to the treatment (direct in solution) without substrate.

Delineamento experimental e tamanho de amostra para alface cultivada em hidroponia

This study was carried out to establish the experimental design and sample size for hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa) crop under nutrient film technique. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Hydroponic Crops of the Horticulture Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria. The evaluated traits were plant weight. Under hydroponic conditions on concrete bench with six ducts, the most indicated experimental design for lettuce is randomised blocks for duct transversal plots or completely randomised for bench plot. The sample size for plant weight should be 40 and 7 plants, respectively, for a confidence interval of mean percentage (d) equal to 5% and 20%.

Aproveitamento do zinco aplicado na semente na nutrição da planta

Zinc is frequentty deficient in some brazilian soils. Seed treatment with zinc is a feasible way to suppiy zinc to plants. Seedzinc reserve is important for initial growing avoiding seedling zinc deficiency. This paper presents the zinc supply to the plant and the effects of seed treatment with zinc on germination, vigour, growing and grain yield.

Desempenho de sementes nuas e peletizadas de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) submetidas a estresses hídrico e térmico

Lettuce is the most important leafy vegetable in Brazil. Its planting is made by seeds, which are small, making their handling difficult. Moreover lettuce seeds present low germination when submitted to unfavorable moisture and temperature conditions. The objective of this work was to study the physiological performance of bare and pelleted lettuce seeds, cv. Karla, under different hydric and temperature potentials. Both kinds of seeds were placed to germinate on filter paper wetted with solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), with the following levels of water potential: zero, -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9MPa. Seeds from each water potential treatment were placed to germinate under four temperatures: 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by germination test, first counting and speed of germination index. It was concluded that water potentials lower than or equal to -0.3MPa, and temperatures equal to or greater than 25°C caused a reduction in the speed and percentage of germination of lettuce seeds. The water potential of -0.9MPa and/or the temperature of 35°C inhibited seed germination of bare and pelleted seeds. Bare seeds had larger reduction in physiological quality than pelleted seeds when exposed to hydric and thermal stress.

Solução nutritiva e composição mineral de três espécies de menta cultivadas no sistema hidropônico

The intention of this study was to determine the levels and accumulation of nutrients in three Mentha species and to test the performance of the nutrient solution for the growth of mint, obtained from previous data of dry matter production and quantity of nutrients extracted by M. arvensis, in NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) hydroponic system. The research was carried out at the Departament of Fitotecny, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil, from October to December. A completely randomized design was used with three treatments (plant organs) and five replications. Stakes of matrix plants rooted in phenolic foam for 20 days in a nursery, being then transferred to final production gullies. The plants were harvested at 62 (M. arvensis), 69 (M. x gracilis) and 76 (M. x piperita var. citrata) days after planting, separeted in parts (roots, stems, leaves) and dried at 70°C for the determination of dry matter and tissue analysis. Nitrogen, calcium and potassium were the macronutrients with larger concentration in all plant parts; the micronutrients were iron, manganese and zinc. There was a higher accumulation of macronutrients in the leaves, followed by stems and roots. It was verified that the nutrient solution elaborated guaranteed a high phytomass production without the plants showing visual symptons of deficiency or toxicity of macro and micronutrients.

FONTES DE ZINCO APLICADAS EM SEMENTES DE MILHO, EM SOLUÇÃO NUTRITIVA

SUMMARY The present study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment of com seeds with zinc sources and measure their effects in the initial development of the seedlings. The experiment was complete randomized, with four replications and the treatments were combinatons of the zinc doses in the solution (0.025 and 0.050mg/l Zn) with zinc sources applicated on the seeds (ZnSO4 Zn-Biocrop, Zn-Triol and Zn-MIQL-90A) in a dose of 2.5g Zn/kg of seeds. The sourcess ZnSO4, Zn-Biocrop and Zn-Triol combinated with 0.025mg/l Zn in the solution, produced plant height, leaf area and leaf dry weight equivalem to the 0.050mg/l Zn in the solution in 38 days old plants. Zinc did not influence stalk diameter, root dry weight and internodes lenght. The source Zn-MIQL-90A was toxic to the corn.

Produção de sementes de alface em cultivo hidropônico

Lettuce seeds of Deyse and Regina cultivars were produced in greenhouse, in hydroponic system, with excelents rendiments per plant and seed quality, when compared to conventional systems, of parcels in field. This results recommend studies in lettuce seeds production in greenhouse.

Crescimento e teor de óleo essencial de mentas com diferentes concentrações de potássio na solução nutritiva

The work was carried out at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, from October to December 2004. Three simultaneous experiments were carried out, each one with one Mentha species (M. arvensis, M. x gracilis and M. x piperita var. citrata) in four hydroponic solutions with different K concentrations (276; 414; 552 and 690 mg L-1 ) and plant ages. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks, with five replications, the treatments showing a factorial for each species: 4x6, 4x7 and 4x8, four K concentrations and plant ages being determined weekly starting 27 days after planting date. The height of plants; foliar area; fresh and dry phytomass of leaves and stems; leaf:stem relation; and the content of essential oil in fresh leaves were evaluated. The increase of K concentrations in the hydroponic solutions affected negatively the growth and accumulation of phytomass in mint plants, but allowed an increase in the content of essential oil per plant. In all consecutive harvesting dates an increase in the growth of the three species of plants were observed. M. arvensis and M. x piperita var. citrata accumulated more stem than leaf phytomass, the reverse occurring with M. x gracilis, which also presented a higher equivalent production of oil per ha, in the lowest K concentration. A good growth of Mentha under hydroponic cultivation was observed under K concentrations of 276 and 414 mg L-1.

Forragem hidropônica de milheto: produção e qualidade nutricional em diferentes densidades de semeadura e idades de colheita

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different harvest dates and sowing densities on growth and bromatological composition of hydroponic millet forage. The experiment was carried out in the Crop Production of the Universidade Federal of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. A randomized experimental design was used. Treatments consisted of four sowing densities (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 e 2.0kg seed m-2) and two harvest dates (10 and 20 days after germination) distributed in a 4x2 factorial scheme. There was no interaction between sowing densities and harvest date for all analyzed variables. Plant height, dry biomass, hemi cellulose and lignin were not influenced by sowing density. Increasing sowing densities increased the values of crude protein and fresh biomass, and decreased the values of neutral and acid detergent fiber and cellulose. Harvest at 10 days after germination showed higher values of fresh and dry biomass, cellulose, hemi cellulose and lower values of neutral and acid detergent fiber and lignin. It was not observed statistical difference in crude protein in relation to the two dates of harvest. The best quality feature of hydroponic corn forage was verified with 2.0kg seed m-2 and harvest at 10 days after sowing.