Liziany Müller

Sistemas de alimentação na produção de cordeiros para abate aos 28 kg

The objective of this trial was to study the performance of ewes and lambs as well as the characteristics of carcass of lambs in different feeding systems. Eighteen lambs, 24 hours after birth, were randomly assigned with their mothers to one of the following treatments: RP - ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture; FNCP - feedlot with no creep feeding; and FCP - feedlot with creep feeding. The ryegrass pasture was managed in order to not limit the dry matter intake of the grazing animals with an average supply of 12 kg of dry matter per 100 kg of live weight. Animals on FNCP treatment received a diet containing 50% of sorghum silage + 50% of concentrate [11.5% crude protein (CP) and 64.4% of total digestible nutrients (TDN). Animals on FCP treatment received a diet containing 50% of sorghum silage + 25% of concentrate (8.2% CP and 60.6% TDN) and after they reached 21 days of age were fed an amount of concentrate (18% CP and 70% TDN) equal to 3% of the live weight. Average daily weight gains of 300 g/day and hot carcass yield greater than 51% were obtained by nursing lambs on either ryegrass pasture or feedlots. Data from the present trial showed no significant differences among treatments in production and carcass characteristics of lambs slaughtered with 28 kg of live weight.

Rendimentos de cortes da carcaça, características da carne e componentes do peso vivo em cordeiros terminados em três sistemas de alimentação

This study was carried outto evaluate the carcass physical composition, meat characteristics and the component conditions, non carcass live weight of lambs finished in different feeding systems. Sixteen lambs (Texel x Ile de France) were used and ramdomly allotted with their mothers, 24 hours after their birth, to three treatments: NSP - Natural supplemented pasture, RP - Ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum lam.) and CON - Confinement. In relation to the cold carcass, there was no difference to the neck percentage among NSP, RP and CON, with values of 9.26, 9.20 and 9.30% respectively. The animals of NSP (33.68%) and CON (33.41%) showed similar and higher values than the RP (31.35%). The softness measured in the loin portion from the 9th to 11th ribs, by means of Warner Blatzler-Shear equipment, was of 8.6 for the confined animals, and this value was higher than those of NSP and RP animals (5.7 and 5.3, respectively). There were no treatment effectsfor the softness through the panel, tastiness and succulence. The skin percentage of RP animals (11.91) was higher than the percentage of NSP and CON animals (10.20 and 9.33%, respectively). Values of gastric content percentage were higher for CON animal s (13.62%)in relation to NSP animals (7.90%), and those ones higher than the RP animals (4.75%). The panel, as a method to determine tastiness, succulence and softness did not show difference in the lambs meat fed in natural supplemented pasture, ryegrass pasture and confinement.

Avaliação das proporções dos cortes da carcaça, características da carne e avaliação dos componentes do peso vivo de cordeiros

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a composicao fisica da carcaca, as caracteristicas da carne e a proporcao dos nao-componentes da carcaca do peso vivo de cordeiros abatidos aos 28 kg submetidos a diferentes sistemas alimentares. Dezoito cordeiros (Ile de France x Texel ) foram distribuidos aleatoriamente, com as respectivas maes, em tres tratamentos: PCA - pastagem cultivada de azevem (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), CON - confinamento sem alimentacao privativa e CCF - confinamento com alimentacao privativa para os cordeiros. A alimentacao privativa foi oferecida aos cordeiros pelo sistema de creep feeding. Nao houve diferenca para o percentual do pescoco entre PCA, CON e CCF, com valores de 9,27; 9,17 e 8,72%, respectivamente. Para o percentual de perna, os animais da CON (34,02%) e CCF (34,17%) apresentaram valores semelhantes entre si e superiores aos da PCA (31,73%). A maciez medida na porcao do Longissimus dorsi entre a 9a e 12a costelas foi semelhante entre os animais dos tres tratamentos, de 2,33; 3,03 e 3,08 para PCA, CON e CCF, respectivamente. Nao houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a palatabilidade e suculencia da carne. O percentual de pele dos animais da PCA (11,05%) e do CON (10,50%) foram semelhantes entre si, enquanto o PCA apresentou valores mais elevados que o percentual dos animais do CCF (9,70%). Para o percentual do conteudo gastrico, os valores observados para os animais do CCF (11,47%) foram superiores aqueles da PCA (5,09%) e semelhantes aos obtidos para os animais do CON (8,72%).

Ganho de peso e características da carcaça de cordeiros terminados em pastagem natural suplementada, pastagem cultivada de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) e confinamento

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of lambs under three feeding systems. Sixteen lambs, 24 hours after birth, and their mothers were randomly assigned to three treatments: NSP: natural supplemented pasture; RP: ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum lam.) and CON: confinement. Average daily gain of 0.404 kg of RP lambs was higher than the other treatments, whereas NSP animals showed higher gain (0.325 kg/day) than CON animals (0.213 kg/day). The lambs were slaughtered when reached, approximately, 31 kg. The carcass hot weight of NSP animals (15.7 kg) was similar to the RP animals (16.8 kg) and higher than the confinement ones (14.3 kg). NSP, RP and CON animals showed similar results to the cooling index, with values of 2.3 , 2.1 and 2.5%, respectively. Hot carcass yield of NSP (50.2%) and RP (53.7%) animals were similar, however those values were higher than those of CON carcass yield (45.9). Carcass compactness showed no difference between NSP and RP, with values of 0.287 and 0.307, respectively, however, these values were higher than the CON animals (0.253). The carcass of NSP and CON animals did not differ in relation to the fat thickness, with values of 1.6 and 1.0 mm, respectively. These values were lower than the ones obtained from RP (3.3 mm). Average daily gain over 0.4 kg/day and hot carcass yield over 52% can be obtained in lambs fed with their mothers in ryegrass pasture, with slaughter weight round 31kg.

A questão do nitrato em alface hidropônica e a saúde humana

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the main vegetable crop produced hydroponically. In this kind of cropping, the majority of nitrogen is provided as nitrate, which may lead to the accumulation of this ion in cells. Nitrate amount in plants depends upon genetic factors, the availability of this nutrient in roots and environmental factors. Several studies have indicated that the consumption of nitrate may be harmful to human health, causing methaemoglobinaemia and gastric cancer. However, recent studies have proposed that there is no link between nitrate and these diseases, and that nitrate may be even good for human health as a protector against gastroenteritis. Some other studies have indicated that the presence of certain vitamins in plants is likely to inhibit possible negative effects of nitrate. High nitrate concentrations in lettuce grown hydroponically in northern European countries have been a matter of concern to the scientific community and Brazilian consumers. Nevertheless, studies have demonstrated that in Brazil, because of higher solar radiation at low latitudes, nitrate amounts found in lettuce produced hydroponically are much lower than the amounts given by the European community, indicating no risk to human health.

Crescimento de osso, músculo e gordura dos cortes da carcaça de cordeiros e cordeiras em diferentes métodos de alimentação

The experiment was done at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Animal Science Department Ovinoculture Sector, it had the was carried out to study the relative bone growth, muscle and adiposity of the neck, shoulder-blade, rib and leg of carcass of the lambs. It was used 45 lambs (Texel), 22 non-castrated male and 23 females. From that group, seven were slaughtered in the beginning of the experiment and the other ones when they reached 25 or 33 kg. Sheep and lambs were allotted to three feeding methods, M1- Corn silage and concentrated only to the lambs, up to the weaning, at 60 days, M2- Corn silage and concentrated only to the lambs up to the weaning, at 45 days and M3- corn silage and concentrated to sheeps and lambs up to the weaning with 60 days. The lambs were randomly distributed into collective boxes and submitted to three feeding methods. It was used a randomly delineation with a factorial arrangement of 3:2:2 (3 methods, 2 sexes and 2 weights of slaughter). The growth determination was obtained through the equation log y=loga + blogx, using the logarithm of the bone muscle and fat weight based on the logarithm of the cold carcass weight. The allometric coefficients to the neck bone, to males, varied of 0.23 to 0.31 and to females, the variation was from 0.67 to 0.73, whereas the muscle growth, excepting the feeding methods, was isometric concerning carcass, and the fat coefficients was superior in relation to unity, regardless feeding methods and sex. Concerning the shoulder-blade bone the allometric coefficients varied to 0.64 from 0.82 and the muscle growth, in the three feeding methods, was anticipated only to males, whereas to females was isometric and fat, regardless sex and feeding methods and presented late growth, with coefficients varying from 1.42 to 1.68. In the leg bone, regardless sex and feeding methods, the bone presented premature growth with allometric coefficients varying to 0.56 from 0.77, but to muscle the coefficients do not differ from unity, whereas to fat the coefficients ranged from 1.67 to 1.96.

Temperatura base inferior e estacionalidade de produção de genótipos diplóides e tetraplóides de azevém

The objective of this study was to estimate lower base temperature Tb of three diploid (Comum, Fepagro Sao Gabriel, and LE 284 and two tetraploid (Avance and INIA Titan) ryegrass genotypes. With the estimated Tb, it was also possible to investigate if these genotypes may have seasonal production, which helps in programming herds feeding schedules. Five sowing dates (11/05, 07/06, 05/07, 09/08 e 01/09/2007) were performed in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Two methods were used to estimate Tb: least deviation method and relative development method. Tb values varied from 7.0 to 8.5°C for diploid genotypes and from 9.0 to 10.6°C for tetraploid genotypes, depending upon the method. Diploid ryegrass germoplasm have no risk of seasonal decrease in forage production, whereas tetraploids, mainly Avance, may have their growth and development decreased from June to August in Santa Maria because of minimum air temperature.

Forragem hidropônica de milheto: produção e qualidade nutricional em diferentes densidades de semeadura e idades de colheita

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different harvest dates and sowing densities on growth and bromatological composition of hydroponic millet forage. The experiment was carried out in the Crop Production of the Universidade Federal of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. A randomized experimental design was used. Treatments consisted of four sowing densities (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 e 2.0kg seed m-2) and two harvest dates (10 and 20 days after germination) distributed in a 4x2 factorial scheme. There was no interaction between sowing densities and harvest date for all analyzed variables. Plant height, dry biomass, hemi cellulose and lignin were not influenced by sowing density. Increasing sowing densities increased the values of crude protein and fresh biomass, and decreased the values of neutral and acid detergent fiber and cellulose. Harvest at 10 days after germination showed higher values of fresh and dry biomass, cellulose, hemi cellulose and lower values of neutral and acid detergent fiber and lignin. It was not observed statistical difference in crude protein in relation to the two dates of harvest. The best quality feature of hydroponic corn forage was verified with 2.0kg seed m-2 and harvest at 10 days after sowing.

Correlações de Pearson e canônica entre componentes da matéria seca da forragem e sementes de azevém

Forage breeding is key to improving livestock management and the objective of this study was to evaluate Pearsons simple correlation between the yield components of forage dry matter and grain in ryegrass. Five ryegrass genotypes, planted on five dates and cut from one to four times, were set out in a complete randomized block design. Ryegrass forage with a lower dry matter production, but with more leaves, fewer culms, higher protein and less fiber content, produces a higher grain yield, spike length, thousand grain weight and lower spike number. The association between the yields of dry matter and grain components is an important criterion for selecting ryegrass genotypes, since grain yield is positively correlated with leaf dry matter, gross protein content, spike length and thousand grain weight.

Influência do tipo de parto e do sexo no desempenho e nas características da carcaça de cordeiros cruza Ile de France x Texel

The effect of birth type and sex on performance and carcass characteristics of Ile de France x Texel crossbred lambs was evaluated in an experiment conducted at the Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). Twelve non-castrated lambs and six ewe lambs were used in the study. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with six repetitions. The treatments were: entire lambs born as single, entire lambs born as twin and ewe lambs born as twin. The average daily weight gain from birth to 21 days of single lambs was higher (P <0.05) than lambs and ewe lambs born as twin. However, after the initial lactation period, when milk is no longer the main component of the diet, it was found that single lambs showed similar performance to that born as twin. Entire lambs had higher weight gain (P <0.05) than ewe lambs after 42 days of age. Carcass characteristics of single lambs and lambs and ewe lambs born as twin were similar, except for hot and cold carcass weights, carcass internal length and leg length, for which males were superior to females.