Osvaldo Kiyoshi Yamanishi

Estudo da comercialização do mamão em Brasília-DF

The main factors involved in the commercialization of papaya in 10 supermarkets and 9 retail shops of Brasilia-DF was studied in January of 1999. The data was colleted using questionnaire answered by the manager of the establishment. It was observed that the wholesalers of Federal District Wholesale Market (CEASA-DF) are the main supplier of papaya in all establishment analyzed. The fruit loss was considered very high only in the retail shops. The poor quality of fruit, the delay between purchasing and selling, precarious transport system and climatic condition were the main reasons of losses attributed by the retail shops. In the supermarkets the lack of appropriate storage, poor quality of purchased fruit, climatic conditions and manipulation by clients were considered as the main causes for the losses. The supplier delivers the papaya in wood boxes in almost all establishments. Papaya fruits for selling were displayed in racks in most of the establishments analyzed.

Perfil do mercado varejista e consumidor de mamão dos grupos 'Solo' e 'Formosa' do Distrito Federal – DF

The main factors involved in the commercialization of papaya in 27 supermarkets and 27 retail shops of Federal District (Brasilia and satellite cities) was studied from January to December of 2001. The data was colleted using questionnaire answered by the manager of the establishment and by 162 consumers. It was observed that the wholesalers of Federal District Wholesale Market (CEASA-DF) was the main supplier of papaya to the retail market; physical damage was the main aspect to be observed by those responsible for the purchase; papaya fruits for selling were displayed in unrefrigerated racks; the retail markets themselves bore the financial losses. The retail market differed in relation of: who purchase the papaya fruits; contracts with the wholesaler; how to expose the fruit; maturation of purchased fruits; and follow-up of losses. It was found that consumers preferred: fruits in the 3rd to 5th stage of maturation; to choose papaya retail market they based on quality and price; not to pay more for wrapping and classification, opting for unwrapped fruit in order to choose the preferred fruit. Consumers reported physical damage to be the primary inhibitor to purchase.

Comportamento do mamoeiro Sekati nas condições do oeste da Bahia

The phenotypic characteristics of the plants and physical and chemical characteristics of fruits of Sekati variety and Tainung 01 hybrid grown under condition of the western Bahia during spring and summer, were evaluated. In the spring, Tainung 01 plants showed significant higher values compared to Sekati in the following characteristics: plant height, stem diameter, fruit number, chlorophyll content and incidence of skin freckles. In the summer, the length of leaf central vein and chlorophyll content did not differ among the genotypes. Sekati did not show skin freckles in the fruits during the evaluated period. Sekati fruit harvested during spring had higher average values for weight (1525g), firmness (3.10kg/cm2) and pulp thickness (31.8cm), pH (5.6) and TA (0.124% citric acid). Fruit shelf life of both genotype harvested during spring and stored under ambient temperature were shorter than fruits harvested during summer, on the other hand, fruits stored under refrigeration the shelf life was longer for those fruits harvested during spring. Sekati variety in spite of having lesser amount of fruits displayed dwarfness, tolerance to skin freckles and physical and chemical characteristics of fruits similar to Tainung 01.

Comportamento da maturação de mamão Tainung 1 cultivado em Brasília-DF

The ripening behavior of papaya fruit Tainung 1 harvested at different development stages through physical-chemical analyses and content of chlorophyll in the fruit skin were evaluated. The analyzed fruits had similar contents of chlorophyll a and b, showing difference in the interval from the 63 to the 84 day after fruit set (DAFE). Fruit harvested after 63 DAFE had suitable weight for harvest, however showed an increasing up to 147 DAFE. Fruit length increased up to 147 DAFE, and fruit diameter stabilized at the 126 DAFE. The contents of total soluble solids (SST) oscillated from 2.2 to 10.3oBrix and the total titration acidity (ATT) varied from 0.038 to 0.077% of citric acid. The content of chlorophyll a and b decreased as the ripening degree increased, and the suitable harvest stage would be from the 126 DAFE, when the physical characteristics and the contents of SST attained appropriate values for harvest.

Papaya (Carica papaya) foot rot (Phytophthora palmivora) reduction due to phosphites

Papaya (Carica papaya) foot rot (Phytophthora palmivora) reduction due to phosphites This study showed that two weekly sprays of phosphite [A (40 % P2O5 + 20 % K2O, 150 mL commercial product. hL-1), B (40 % P2O5 + 20 % K2O, 250 mL), C (10 % P2O5 + 6 % Ca, 400 mL), D (20 % P2O5 + 20 % K2O, 200 mL), E (40 % P2O5 + 6 % Mg, 150 mL), F (30 % P2O5 + 20 % K2O, 175 mL), G (20 % P2O5 + 20 % K2O, 200 mL) ] for three consecutive weeks before pathogen inoculation reduced disease severity. A podridao do pe, causada por Phytophthora palmivora Butler, e uma das principais doencas mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.). Os fosfitos constituem uma alternativa para o controle de Phytophthora em plantas, pois inibem o patogeno ou induzem na hospedeira a producao de substâncias e compostos que agem no processo de defesa contra a infeccao. A determinacao de metodos eficientes de controle da doenca menos agressivos ao ambiente e necessaria. Neste estudo objetivou-se determinar o efeito de aplicacoes de fosfitos sobre a severidade da doenca. Os testes foram realizados em casa de vegetacao com plantas de ‘Tailândia Roxao’ (2 meses de idade). O patogeno (PP-24) foi multiplicado em meio seletivo (200 ml suco de tomate temperado ‘Superbom’, 18 g agar, 3 g CaCO3, 800 mL agua destilada, 10 mg pimaricina, 250 mg ampicilina, 10 mg rifampicina, 30 mg rosa de bengala). Os tratamentos aplicados estao apresentados na tabela 1. Os produtos foram aplicados nas folhas via pulverizacao (pulverizador manual – 500 mL) ate o ponto de escorrimento. A inoculacao do patogeno ocorreu 48 h apos a ultima pulverizacao, inserindo-se palitos colonizados pelo fungo na base do caule das plantas. Seguiu-se um delineamento em blocos ao acaso (9 tratamentos; 4 repeticoes de 5 plantas). A severidade da doenca foi avaliada diariamente utilizando-se a seguinte escala: (0) sem sintomas; (1) ate 50% de murcha; (2) de 51 a 100% de murcha; (3) – planta morta. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância com repeticao de medidas, e, as medias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P < 5 %). Com uma aplicacao semanal (Tabela 1), somente o tratamento com o fosfito C (10 % P2O5 + 6 % Ca – 400 mL.hL -1) diferiu significativamente da testemunha. Ja, com duas aplicacoes semanais, todos os tratamentos com fosfito diferiram da testemunha, sendo que, neste caso, o tratamento com fosfito B (40 % P2O5 + 20 % K2O 150 mL.hL-1), foi o que mais reduziu a doenca.